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Behaviorism Handout

The theory of behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. It was established as a school of psychology by John Watson and is based on the idea that learning is a process of conditioning behaviors through rewards and punishments. The major influences on behaviorism were Ivan Pavlov's work on classical conditioning and B.F. Skinner's research on operant conditioning. In education, behaviorism emphasizes directly observable learning outcomes, using reinforcement to motivate students and punishments to shape behaviors, focusing only on measurable changes in performance.

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Wynlor Abarca
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309 views

Behaviorism Handout

The theory of behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. It was established as a school of psychology by John Watson and is based on the idea that learning is a process of conditioning behaviors through rewards and punishments. The major influences on behaviorism were Ivan Pavlov's work on classical conditioning and B.F. Skinner's research on operant conditioning. In education, behaviorism emphasizes directly observable learning outcomes, using reinforcement to motivate students and punishments to shape behaviors, focusing only on measurable changes in performance.

Uploaded by

Wynlor Abarca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory of Behaviorism

Terminologies

Behavior - the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.
Behaviorism - A learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable
behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind
Behavioral / Operant Conditioning - method of learning that occurs through
rewards and punishments for behavior
Classical Conditioning - a learning process that occurs through associations
between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus
Conditioning - Getting used to something or someone
Milieu - The social environment of an individual
Punishment - anything that discourages a desired response
Reinforcement - anything that strengthens the desired response
Stimuli - anything that evokes a response

What is Behaviorism?

Behaviorism is a learning theory which focuses on observable behaviors


rather than cloaked ones such as cognitive processes
Established as a school of Psychology by John Watson
The learner is considered a tabula rasa
Learning is a change in behavior.
Conditioning is a universal learning process.
The Milieu is essential in forming the individual.
Other Personalities that Influenced Behaviorism
1. Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlovs classical conditioning greatly influenced John Watsons
Behaviorism
John Watson believed that classical conditioning is able to explain all
aspects of human psychology
Classical Conditioning is an important process in behaviorism where
students learn to associate stimuli such that even in the absence of what
was used to is resembled by the other.
2. Burrhus Friedrich Skinner
Skinners Operant conditioning plays a role in behaviorism especially in
the teaching-learning process wherein the behaviorist approach is
applied.
Rewards and punishment systems in school are concepts emanating
from Operant conditioning
Learners associate a thing to the other by experience. If punished in
school, the school is viewed by the student with fear.
Theory of Behaviorism

How The Theory Impacts Learning

A. In the Curriculum
Behaviorism focuses only on what is fathomable.
A curriculum based on behaviorism is organized around straightforward
learning objectives.
Learning outcomes are well-stated.
Based on the presupposition that human behavior is predictable.
B. In the Instructions
focuses on conditioning the learners behavior
Conditioning is done gradually
The end goal is upfront and each necessary step is given to the learner.
Reinforcements are used to motivate learners.
Punishments are often used to inculcate morals.
C. In Assessments
focuses only on what is observable and measurable
excludes the internal mental state of the learner as well as other cognitive
states
One has learned when something in his/her behavior has changed.

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