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Series Cheat Sheet

This document provides tests and criteria for determining whether series converge or diverge, including: - The divergence test, integral test, comparison test, limit comparison test, ratio test, root test, and conditional convergence test. - Important series to remember are the geometric series, which converges to a/(1-r) if the ratio r is between -1 and 1, and p-series, which converges if the exponent p is greater than 1 and diverges if p is less than or equal to 1.

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2K views1 page

Series Cheat Sheet

This document provides tests and criteria for determining whether series converge or diverge, including: - The divergence test, integral test, comparison test, limit comparison test, ratio test, root test, and conditional convergence test. - Important series to remember are the geometric series, which converges to a/(1-r) if the ratio r is between -1 and 1, and p-series, which converges if the exponent p is greater than 1 and diverges if p is less than or equal to 1.

Uploaded by

sharmanator99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Convergence and Divergence Tests for Series

Test

When to Use

Divergence Test
Integral Test

for any series

X
1

Conclusions

X
1

Diverges if lim |an | =


6 0.

an

n!1

n=0

an with an

0 and an decreasing

Comparison Test

an and

1
X
n=0

n=0
1

an , (an > 0). Choose

n=0

n!1

if lim

n!1

if lim

n!1

for alternating Series


Absolute Convergence

1
X

1
X

an
=L
bn

an diverges =)

1
X

with 0 < L < 1

n=0
1

an
=0
bn

n=0
1

an
=1
bn

( 1)n an (an > 0)

bn diverges.

an and

1
X

bn both converge/diverge

n=0

bn converges =)
bn diverges =)

1
X

an converges.

n=0
1

an diverges.

n=0

converges if

n=0

lim an = 0 and an is decreasing

for any series

X
1

for any series

1
X

For any series

n!1
1

an

If

|an | converges, then

1
X

|an | diverges but

n=0

an

if

n=0
1

n!1

Calculate lim

n!1

an converges,

n=0

1
X

an converges.

n=0

an conditionally converges

n=0

1
X

Calculate lim

1
X

(definition of absolutely convergent series.)

an ,

there are 3 cases:

n=0

Root Test:

an converges.

n=0
1

n=0

n=0

n=0

Ratio Test:

1
X

bn , (bn > 0)

n=0

Conditional Convergence

bn converges =)

n=0

n=0

if lim

Convergent test

an both converge/diverge

n=0

1
X

bn

if 0 an bn
1
X

1
X

where f (n) = an .

n=0

Limiting Comparison Test

f (x)dx and

n=0

1
X

an+1
=L
an

if L < 1, then

p
n

if L > 1, then

|an | = L

1
X
n=0
1

X
n=0

|an | converges ;
|an | diverges;

if L = 1, no conclusion can be made.

2. Important Series to Remember


Series

How do they look

Conclusions

Geometric Series

Converges to

p-series

arn

n=0
1

X 1
n=1

np

a
1

if |r| < 1 and diverges if |r|

Converges if p > 1 and diverges if p 1

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