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LLC: Logic Link Control (IEEE 802.2)

The document provides an overview of various topics related to computer networks and telecommunications including network topologies, encoding techniques, transmission methods, protocols, switching technologies, standards, and wireless technologies. It specifically discusses the Logic Link Control protocol, which is used to manage data link communication, addressing, and sequencing in IEEE 802 LANs, and the ISDN Link Access Protocol D, which performs link establishment and error control over ISDN's D-channel.

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Sandip Paul
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115 views

LLC: Logic Link Control (IEEE 802.2)

The document provides an overview of various topics related to computer networks and telecommunications including network topologies, encoding techniques, transmission methods, protocols, switching technologies, standards, and wireless technologies. It specifically discusses the Logic Link Control protocol, which is used to manage data link communication, addressing, and sequencing in IEEE 802 LANs, and the ISDN Link Access Protocol D, which performs link establishment and error control over ISDN's D-channel.

Uploaded by

Sandip Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to computer network- Topology; Base Band & Broad Band Topology;

Guided & Unguided Media.


Overview of Data & Signal Bits. Baud & Bit Rate. Modulation (AM, PM, FM);
Multiplexing (TDM, FDM, STDM).
Encoding (RZ, NRZ, BIPLOAR, MANCHESTER, DIFF. MANCHESTER).
Digital To Analog ASK, PSK, FSK, QPSK.
Transmission methods Synchronous & Asynchronous, Flow Control, Error Control,
Error Detection methods.
Goals of Layered protocols- Introduction to OSI, TCP/IP, IBM, SNA, ATM.
Bit oriented (BSC) & Character oriented Protocol (SDLC, LAPB, LAPD, LLC)
HDLC- frame format, station, states, configuration, access control.
LAN Topology Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token Bus (IEEE 802.4), Token Ring (IEEE 802.5)
Introduction to WAN DQDB (IEEE 802.6) & FDDI.
Switching Technologies Circuit, Message, and Packet.
X.25, X.21, RS-232 C frame format, channel, packet frames, facilities (In brief Only).
ISDN- D channel, B-Channel, International Standards, NT1, NT2, TA, TE Devices.
Introduction to leased lines, DSL, Digital Carriers.
Bridging & Routing Static & Dynamic (In Brief).
IP, IP addressing, ICMP, ARP.RARP.
Congestion Control, TCP, UDP.
HTTP,FTP,Telnet,SMTP.
Introduction to data security (private key, public key, ISO standards).
Introduction to Mobile technology (Topology, FDM, TDM, CDMA), Satellite Communication
(LEO, GEO, TDM).

LLC: Logic Link Control (IEEE 802.2)

In Data Link Layer, there are two sublayers : 1. The upper sublayer that is responsible flow
and error control is called Logical Link Control (LLC), 2. The lower sublayer that is mostly
responsible for multiple access resolution is called the Media Access Control Layer (MAC).
Logic Link Control (LLC) is the IEEE 802.2 LAN protocol. IEEE 802.2 LLC is used in IEEE802.3
(Ethernet) and IEEE802.5 (Token Ring) LANs to perform these functions:
1. Managing the data-link communication
2. Link Addressing
3. Defining Service Access Points (SAPs)
4. Sequencing
The LLC provides a way for the upper layers to deal with any type of MAC layer (e.g. Ethernet
- IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD or Token Ring IEEE 802.5 Token Passing).
LLC was originated from the High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) and it uses a subclass of
the HDLC specification. LLC defines three types of operation for data communication:
Type 1: Connectionless, the connectionless operation is basically sending but no guarantee
of receiving.
Type 2: Connection Oriented. The connection-Oriented operation for the LLC layer provides
these 4 services: Connection establishment; Confirmation and acknowledgement that data
has been received; Error recovery by requesting received bad data to be resent; Sliding
Windows (Modulus: 128), which is a method of increasing the rate of data transfer.
Type 3: Acknowledgement with connectionless service.
The Type 1 connectionless service of LLC specifies a static-frame format and allows network
protocols to run on it. Network protocols that fully implement a transport layer will generally
use Type 1 service.
The Type 2 connection-oriented service of LLC provides reliable data transfer. It is used in LAN
environment that do not invoke network and transport layer protocols.
Protocol Structure - LLC: Logic Link Control (IEEE 802.2)Logic Link Control Layer (LLC)
Header:

LAP-D: ISDN Link Access Protocol- Channel D


LAP -D is the Layer 2 protocol in the ISDN suite, almost identical to the X.25 LAP-B protocol.
The three logical digital communication channels of ISDN perform the following functions:
1. B-Channel - Carries user service information including: digital data, video, and voice.
2. D-Channel - Carries signals and data packets between the user and the network
3. H-Channel - Performs the same function as B-Channels, but operates at rates exceeding
DS-0 (64 Kbps).
The Link Establishment process in ISDN performed by LAP-D is as follows:
1. The TE (Terminal Endpoint) and the Network initially exchange Receive Ready (RR)
frames, listening for someone to initiate a connection
2. The TE sends an Unnumbered Information (UI) frame with a SAPI of 63 (management
procedure, query network) and TEI of 127 (broadcast)

3. The Network assigns anavailable TEI(in the range 64-126)


4. The TE sends a Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABME) frame with a SAPI of 0 (call
control, used to initiate a SETUP) and a TEI of the value assigned by the network
5. The network responds with an Unnumbered Acknowledgement (UA), SAPI=0,
TEI=assigned.
LAPD works in the Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM). This mode is totally balanced (i.e., no
master/slave relationship). Each station may initialize, supervise, recover from errors, and
send frames at any time. The protocol treats the DTE and DCE as equals.
Protocol Structure - LAP-D: ISDN Link Access Protocol- Channel D
The format of a standard LAPD frame is as follows:

Token Bus

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