Superb Mini Server

Documentation

Written by: gerasimos_h

Version 0.3.2

Superb Mini Server Documentation

1. Requirements
SMS.Native.CD requirements:
Any Pentium class processor 500MHz or AMD K2 and above will do, as for the RAM you will need at least
128MB (256MB recommended). You can install it on a 486 machine with 128MB RAM too, but you need to
choose huge or hugel7 kernel while booting SMS install disk.
SMS.Live.CD requirements:
To boot into Live mode any Pentium class processor 500MHz or AMD K2 and above will do, as for the RAM
you will need at least 128MB (256MB recommended). Booting in a slow computer with 128MB might output
error with clamav-milter (needs to increase the time for loading), after you install it on disk there will be no
such problem.

Dont forget that its a server , put a descent machine on it.

2. Installation
2.1 SMS.Live.CD Installation:
Boot with SMS.LiveCD, login with username: root and password: toor, type sms-text-installer and follow
the instructions. After the sms-text-installer finishes, reboot and use netconfig command to configure your
servers hostname and domain.
Note: Installing SMS from SMS.LiveCD is NOT recommended.
2.2 SMS.Native.CD Installation:
2.2.1 Choose Kernel
- At boot promt select your kernel from a choice of four kernels and press enter:
1. hugesmp.s Default SMS Kernel very similar to Slackwares kernel.
2. huge.s Default SMS Kernel for i486 and better machines.
3. hugel7.s Same as hugev.s but with Layer 7 support patch.
4. memtest Test your memory for errors with memtest utility.

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2.2.2 Partition hard drives
- Select your keyboard map and login as root.
- Before you run setup you must create your partitions with cfdisk.
- For a list of partitions type
root@sms:~#
cat /proc/partitions
or
root@sms:~# fdisk -l
- To partition for example /dev/sda type
root@sms:~# cfdisk /dev/sda
Create a boot partition 100MB in size and mark it bootable.
Create a swap partition, usually twice your RAM, but 2GB is enough.
Create the root (/) partition, at least 4GB in size.
You can create optional partitions for mount points such as /home or /usr/local.
Write the partition table to disk and exit.
2.2.3 Setup.

You are now ready to type setup

and set your swap partitions

Choose you swap partitions

Just swapon your swap partition.

No need to check for bad blocks.

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Choose your root partition and

format it.

Choose your boot partition and

format it as ext2 or ext3.

Assign the mount point

You should see something like

that.

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Choose your source media and

follow the instructions.

Select series of software to install. By

default DEVEL series is off, if you
want to select it navigate to it and
press space

The recommended setup mode is FULL where

2.7GB+ software is installed,
including
DEVEL series Xorg server and KDE 3.5.10.

When setup finish installing packages, it will

ask you to choose a kernel.
All kernels are already installed, you just
have to choose from which kernel your
system will boot. Huge kernels has all the
serious stuff already built-in, their purpose
is for installing and recovering SMS, but
they are great for beginners too.
More experience users can use generic
kernels. In some cases you might need an
initial ram disk image (intird.gz) with
filesystem or ide/sata controllers modules. generic kernels have built in support for ext2. ext3, ext4, jfs
filesystems, so if you arent using reiserfs most likely you will not have to use an initrd.gz after all.
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The installer offers you to create a

bootable usb stick for booting your system,
if you want one just plug a usb stick and
press create, or press skip to continue to
install the Linux Loader (LiLo).

Lilo configuration has two options.

The first is SMS lilo installer which
automatically install lilo on your chosen
partitions, and second its Slackwares lilo
installer where you can create your lilo.
conf from scratch.

Network
configuration
will
use
netconfig script to alter your servers
configuration to your new hostname
& domain, including dovecot, postfix,
httpd, sasl, squirrelmail, phpldapadmin
except openldap. To be able to configure
openldap, /usr/libexec/slapd must be
running, so either you configure your
system and on first boot you import
sms.ldif with the command
ldapadd -f /etc/openldap/sms.ldif -x -D cn=Manager,dc=yourhostname,dc=yourdomain -w toor
or skip network configuration and upon reboot use netconfig-lcd to configure your <hostname.domain>.
Continue with the installer, selecting services that start at boot, custom screen fonts, time zone setup, default
window manager for X and finally setting your root account password.
Exit the installer and reboot to your newly installed system.

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2.3 SMS LVM Setup Installation:
Assuming you already create your partition map with cfdisk, something like
/dev/sda1
*
1
12
96358+ 83
/dev/sda2
13
1957
15623212+ 83
/dev/sda3
1958
2088
1052257+ 82
where sda2 used for lvm setup.

Linux
Linux
Linux swap

1. Create physical volume

pvcreate /dev/sda2
2. Create Volume Group with name sms
vgcreate sms /dev/sda2
3. Create Logical Volume for root partition
lvcreate -L 8G -n root sms
4. Create Logical Volume for home partition with remaining space
lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n home sms
5. Scan disks for Logical Volume Groups
vgscan --mknodes
6. Activate Logical Volume Groups
vgchange -ay
Start setup and choose your swap partition as usual, and choose as root partition /dev/sms/root and
for home /dev/sms/home and finally choose as boot partition /dev/sda1.
Ignore partition /dev/sda2 and continue with setup.

When its time to choose a kernel choose a generic one, since huge kernels complains with initrd images, although
they may work just fine.
When setup finish dont reboot your server, as lilo is not installed.
You need to chroot to your newly system
chroot /mnt
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And edit /etc/lilo.conf to something like
LBA32
boot = /dev/sda
prompt
timeout = 30
compact
change-rules
reset
vga = 791
image = /boot/vmlinuz
root = /dev/sms/root
label = SMS
initrd = /boot/initrd.gz
read-only
The most important is to create the initrd image with

mkinitrd -c -k 2.6.35.7-smp -m ext4 -f ext4 -r /dev/sms/root -L
Where
-c clears /boot/initrd-tree and create a new one
-k your kernel
-m your modules (-m ext3,ext4,reiserfs)
-f root filesystem
-r root partition
-L add support for LVM in initrd.
SMS generic kernels have built in support for ext2 ext3 ext4 and jfs.
run lilo and ignore the warnings.
exit and reboot your server.

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2.3.1 Resizing LVM partitions.
To increase the size of a Logical Volume, lets say /home directory
/dev/mapper/sms-home 1.5G
36M 1.4G
3% /home
Assuming you have the appropriate space, check with vgdisplay <vgroupname>
root@sms:~# vgdisplay sms|grep Free
Free PE / Size
75 / 400.00 MiB
And continue with the command lvresize
root@sms:~# lvresize -L 1.6G /dev/sms/home
Rounding up size to full physical extent 1.60 GiB
Extending logical volume home to 1.60 GiB
Logical volume home successfully resized
Now Logical Volume is resized but not filesystem, in our case ext4. To resize the filesystem use resize2fs.
root@sms:~# resize2fs -p /dev/sms/home
resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/sms/home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sms/home to 419840 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sms/home is now 419840 blocks long.
So now our /home increased by 100MB
/dev/mapper/sms-home 1.6G
36M 1.5G
3% /home
To decrease a Logical Volume you need first to unmount the partition, in our case /home.
root@sms:~# umount /home/
Optional you can use e2fsck to check the integrity of the filesystem.
Resize the filesystem with resize2fs like.
root@sms:~# resize2fs /dev/sms/home 1400M
resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sms/home to 358400 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sms/home is now 358400 blocks long.
And continue with lvresize command.
root@sms:~# lvresize -L 1.4G /dev/sms/home
Rounding up size to full physical extent 1.40 GiB
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 1.40 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce home? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume home to 1.40 GiB
Logical volume home successfully resized
So our home decreased by 200MB.
root@sms:~# mount /home/
/dev/mapper/sms-home 1.4G
36M 1.3G
3% /home
Resize filesystem tools.
resize2fs - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resize_reiserfs - resizer tool for the ReiserFS filesystem
xfs_growfs, xfs - expand an XFS filesystem ( xfs dont support decrease)
jfs has a built-in feature in kernels JFS driver for resizing partitions, but to increase only, not to
decrease.

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2.3.2 Resizing LVM partitions (Webmin).
You can use Webmin to resize LVM partitions quite easily by navigating at
Webmin -> Hardware -> Logical Volume Management
To resize a volume you need to unmount it first from
Webmin -> System -> Disk and Network Filesystems

Select /home click on Unmount and press save.

Now that you unmounted home, navigate to Logical Volume Management and increase or decrease the partition

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2.4 SMS RAID Setup Installation:
Heres a quick summary of the more common RAID levels:
- RAID 0: Requires 2 drives, can use more. Offers no redundancy, but improves performance by striping, or
interleaving, data between all drives. This RAID level does not help protect your data at all. If you lose one drive,
all of your data will be lost.
- RAID 1: Requires 2 drives, can use more. Offers data redundancy by mirroring data across all drives. This RAID
level is the simplest way to protect your data, but is not the most space-efficient method. For example, if you use
3 drives in a RAID 1 array, you gain redundancy, but you still have only 1 disks worth of space available for use.
- RAID 5: Requires 3 drives, can use more. Offers data redundancy by storing parity data on each drive. Exactly
one disks worth of space will be used to hold parity data, so while this RAID level is heaviest on the CPU, it is also
the most space efficient way of protecting your data. For example, if you use 5 drives to create a RAID 5 array, you
will only lose 1 disks worth of space (unlike RAID 1), so you will end up with 4 disks worth of space available for
use. While simple to setup, this level is not quite as straightforward as setting up RAID 1.
1. Prepare disks for RAID 1 Array (clone /dev/sda to /dev/sdb)
sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sfdisk /dev/sdb
2. Create RAID 1 Array for root partition
mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level 1 --raid-devices 2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
3. Create RAID 1 Array for swap partition
mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level 1 --raid-devices 2 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2
4. Setup swap area

mkswap /dev/md1
5. Create RAID 5 Array for home partition
mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level 5 --raid-devices 3 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
Start setup and choose as swap partition /dev/md1, choose as root partition /dev/md0, for home /dev/md2.
Ignore partition /dev/sd[ab]1 /dev/sd[ab]2 and continue with setup.

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When its time to choose a kernel choose a generic one, since huge kernels complains with initrd images, although
they may work just fine.
When setup finish dont reboot your server, as lilo is not installed.
You need to chroot to your newly system
chroot /mnt
And edit /etc/lilo.conf to something like
append=root=/dev/md0
raid-extra-boot = mbr-only
LBA32
boot = /dev/md0
prompt
timeout = 30
compact
change-rules
reset
vga = 791
image = /boot/vmlinuz
root = /dev/md0
label = SMS
initrd = /boot/initrd.gz
read-only
The most important is to create the initrd image with
mkinitrd -c -k 2.6.35.7-smp -m ext4 -f ext4 -r /dev/md0 -R
Where
-c clears /boot/initrd-tree and create a new one
-k your kernel
-m your modules (-m ext3,ext4,reiserfs you might need a controller)
-f root filesystem
-r root partition
-R add support for RAID in initrd.
SMS generic kernels have built in support for ext2 ext3 ext4 and jfs.
run lilo and ignore the warnings.
exit and reboot your server.

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2.4.1 Using a huge kernel:
You can use a huge kernel without an initrd.bz if you like, but to recognize raid arrays at boot you need to edit
/etc/rc.d/rc.S and add between udev and lvm
progressbar 10
# Re-assemble RAID volumes:
/sbin/mdadm -As

And final type to add your arrays in mdadm.conf
mdadm -Es >> /etc/mdadm.conf
2.4.2 Notification of degraded arrays:
You can add in your /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/sbin/mdadm -Ff /dev/md[0-9] -i /var/run/mdadm.pid
So by adding your mail address in /etc/mdadm.conf, you will be notified when arrays get degraded. Or you can
have it all in one line
/sbin/mdadm -Ff /dev/md[0-9] -i /var/run/mdadm.pid -m root@locahost
2.4.3 RAID Status.
To check the status of your RAID arrays just do:
mdadm -D /dev/md0
Or you can use Webmin at
Webmin -> Hardware -> Linux RAID

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2.5 Upgrading SMS:
Upgrading SMS its not so difficult or dangerous as it may sound.
In order to upgrade SMS to latest version, most of the times requires to put you machine into single user mode
level. Specifically when there is a new glibc or kernel, but it never hurts switching to single user mode every time
we upgrade. You can switch to single user mode by editing /etc/inittab and change

id:3:initdefault: to
id:1:initdefault:
you can also do
sed -e s,id:3:initdefault:,id:1:initdefault:,g -i /etc/inittab
Or a more direct approach is to press [tab] at lilo prompt and enter:
boot: sms 1
The upgrade procedure is quite simple
1. Put your machine in single user mode
2. Upgrade pkgtools and glibc-solibs before other packages
3. Use upgradepkg --install-new for the rest.
4. Fix your *.new config files under /etc, some of them need attention
5. Update your initrd (if you use one).
5. Dont forget to run lilo
6. Return your machine to multi-user mode
Reboot your machine and mount SMS.Native.CD
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
and upgrade first glibc packages from slackware/a slackware/l
upgradepkg
/mnt/cdrom/slackware/{a,l}/glibc*
Tip: If your version is too old and you get errors you need to upgrade pkgtools, xz and tar from slackware/a.
Continue upgrading the rest of the packages with
upgradepkg --install-new /mnt/cdrom/slackware/{a,ap,d,l,n}/*.t?z
If you have install devel series or x-kde-addon you can upgrade them too as well.
Once you finish upgrading packages restore /etc/inittab run level to multi-user mode
sed -e s,id:1:initdefault:,id:3:initdefault:,g -i /etc/inittab
In this stage you need to take care all the *.new files placed in /etc and sub directories, especially system startup
scripts /etc/rc.d/rc.S /etc/rc.d/rc.M. If you are upgrading from a quite older SMS version you might want to look
for applications changes e.g dovecot-1.x has its configs in /etc/dovecot while dovecot-2.x has them in /etc/dovecot
Once you finish with all *.new files.
Type lilo and reboot.
2.6 Installing SMS.LiveCD to USB.
To install SMS.Live.CD ti your USB stick, just copy the contents of the ISO (boot, sms) to your usb stick and run
boot/bootinst.sh for linux or boot/bootinst.bat for windows.

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3. Configuration

3.1 Default passwords.

Basic setups are already being done and Superb Mini Server is ready out of the box...
Default Passwords are:
root account password is toor
administrator account password is toor
Webmin Login: admin : admin
(https://[yoursmsserver]:10000)
TorrentFlux Login: admin : admin (http://[yoursmsserver[/tflux)
Samba Shares are:
Samba @ SMS path=/var/smb/samba/ (Read/write to everyone)
Faxes path=/var/spool/hylafax/recvg/ (Read/write to everyone)
TorrentFlux Downloads path=/var/smb/tflux_downloads/ (Read/write to everyone)
Placed under Workgroup = WORKGROUP
FTP Accounts are:
webftp:webftp path=/srv/httpd/htdocs/ (Read)
ftpuser:ftpuser path=/var/ftp/ (Read/write)
WebERP demo account is: admin : weberp (http://[yoursmsserver]/webERP)
PHPLdapAdmin: toor (http://[yoursmsserver]/phpldapadmin)
AvantFax: admin : password
(http://[yoursmsserver[/avantfax)
3.2 Securing and optimizing your SMS server.
Well you install SMS and all working as you should. Whats next?
Either your server will be online or in a local network you should secure you server, from unauthorized access.
3.2.1 Local accounts.
First action is to change the default passwords for root and administrator user.
Just type passwd youruser e.g. passwd administrator
Do the same for ftp users.
Tip: Always use complex passwords, and when adding users for mail or ftp and you are not going to use them for
shell login always disable the shell e.g /bin/false or /dev/null
To change account passwords from webmin navigate to
Webmin->System->Users and Groups
Select your user and alter password.
3.2.2 MySQL.
Another mandatory action is to add a password to mysql root user, by default mysql has no root password.
To do that type mysql -u root mysqland set password with the command
mysql>

set password for root@localhost=password("yourpasword");

To set a root password from webmin navigate to

Webmin->Servers->MySQL Database Server->User Permissions
And change password for root and for other users as well if you want.
Tip: Dont forget to change credentials in web apps configuration files when you alter other users.
3.2.3 Webmin.
Webmin needs your attention too, since it has the power to alter your system.
Change the password of admin user and select the networks that allowed to have access to it, you can also change
the port which listen to(default :10000.)
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To change login password navigate at
Webmin->Webmin Users->admin
and change its password.
To change or restrict access to webmin, navigate at
Webmin->Webmin Configuration->Ports and Addresses
and alter Port number.
Webmin->Webmin Configuration->IP Access Control
to restrict access.
3.2.4 Web Applications.
If you finished with local users, its time to handle the web applications
TorrentFlux
WebERP
PhpLDAPAdmin
PHPMyAdmin
HTTP access (.htaccess .htpasswd)
If you are not using any of the above delete their folders or disable their login.
If you have install applications from /extra such as avantfax do the same.
3.2.5 Samba.
Increasing security you can change samba security from share to user so a login will required for accessing the
shares, and add


hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. 10.0.0.
for restricting outside networks for accessing your samba shares.
3.2.6 OpenLDAP.
Openldap needs a change of password too.
Just type slappasswd enter your password, copy/paste your password in slapd.conf e.g.

rootpw

{SSHA}CMsEaYBDv2oO0TVpeCr0cwQVfTBm8/pJ

Dont forget to change the password for ldap entries too (by default all are toor )
cn=Manager
cn=dovecot
cn=postfix
uid=administrator
To change passwords, login in phpldapadmin (http://<yourserver>/
phpldapadmin) and you should see
all the entries listed. Selecting one will show you info about
entry and a field named password.
Enter your new password and select its encryption from the
drop down list, for instance SSHA, and press the Update Object
button. It will ask you to confirm changes, press once again the
Update Object button for changes to apply.

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3.2.7 Services.
You have changed all the passwords by now and you server its secure, what about speeding and lighten our server.
For doing that you must disable the services you are not using e.g mail server or fax server or print services.
There are startup scripts run by system like rc.S and rc.M when starting, rc.6 upon shutdown or reboot, rc.K when
starting in single user mode, and rc.4 when the system runs in graphical run level (KDM or XDM).
All services have a startup script placed under /etc/rc.d/ named usually like rc.<name of the service>.
To disable a service make the startup script not executable by changing its permissions.
e.g. chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.script
In some cases such as hylafax disabling the service its not enough.
For disabling Hylafax do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.hylafax
remove or comment faxgetty dialup line in /etc/inittab manually or with
sed -e "s/d1:12345:respawn:/#d1:12345:respawn:/g" -i /etc/inittab
Remove hylafax cronjobs from /etc/cron.hourly & /etc/cron.daily.
Reboot your server.
For Disabling Mail System do:

chmod -x /etc/rc.d/{rc.postfix,rc.spamd,rc.mailscanner,rc.clamav,rc.dovecot,rc.saslauthd,rc.sqlgrey}
To disable openldap do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.openldap
To disable proftpd (ftp server) do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.proftpd
To disable CUPS (print server) do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.cups
For disabling Samba do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.samba
For disabling webserver (HTTPD) do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
For disabling mysql do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.mysql
For disabling SSH server do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.sshd
For disabling AFP server do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.atalk
For disabling fail2ban server (not recommended) do:
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.fail2ban
Tip: For enabling/disabling services you can use pkgtool script, select to rerun installation scripts and select
services.
You can also switch from SMSs advance mail server configuration to plain mail server (sendmail) using
chooseMTA.sh script. The script will switch mailserver from postfix to sendmail and vice versa.
For doing it manual just do
chmod -x /etc/rc.d/rc.postfix
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.sendmail
cp /usr/sbin/sendmail
/usr/sbin.sendmail.postfix
cp /usr/sbin/sendmail.original
/usr/sbin.sendmail
postfix stop
/etc/rc.d/rc.sendmail start

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3.2.8 Securing and optimizing your SMS Server (GUI)
SMS has a GUI through sms_config kmdr tools to secure and optimize your server.
The GUI intended for clean installations of SMS with default passwords, although some part or all might work
in older installations.
/usr/share/applications/sms_secure.kmdr is a part of sms_config.kmdr shortcut available in roots Desktop.

3.2.8.1 Manage Unix Users & Logins

Here you can alter all password and shells at once or individual for default users.
Assuming you already add password for root during installation, they are users administrator and two ftp users, webftp and ftpuser.
By checking the box "delete user" and pressing apply you delete the user(s).
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

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3.2.8.2 Manage OpenLDAP Users
Here you can change passwords for openldap's root and cn=Manager which should be the same.
The method used to change password for root is the same as resetting the password so it should work for older
installations too.
Also you can change password for
uid=Administrator,ou=virtualusers,o=virtualmail,dc=[yourhost],dc=[yourdomain]
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

3.2.8.3 Manage MySQL Users

Here you can change mysql's root password and alter default database passwords for sqlgrey, weberp and
torrentflux. Weberp and sqlgrey are by default disabled, unless database passwords are the defaults so they will
be enabled. Changing passwords for weberp and sqlgrey update their configs too with new password.
Torrentflux's database by default runs by root, so by selecting a password, the wizard, create a user and grant
privileges to him for torrentflux database, and update it's configuration.
Changing mysql's root password is mandatory, for altering weberp,sqlgrey and torrentflux databases, as it uses
the new mysql's root password.
The method for changing mysql's root password is the same as resetting so it should work in older installations
too.
If you don't intend to use weberp or torrentflux unchecked them, and later in the wizard, you will be prompt
to delete them.
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

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3.2.8.4 Manage Webmin Login

Here you can change password for default Webmin admin and restrict service to private network.
The method for changing the password is the same as resetting.
Script only look for user admin, so if have added other administrators use sms_tools for changing their passwords.
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

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3.2.8.5 Manage Web apps
If you intend to not use webERP or Torrentflux check them and click apply to delete their directories and mysql
databases.
You can also delete other web apps in /var/www/htdocs/ such as PHPMyAdmin, PHPLDAPAdmin,
Squirrelmail and EFG (Easy Firewall Generator)/
If you don't want to alter anything click next

3.2.8.6 Manage Samba & CUPS Network Access

Here you can limit access of samba shares to your private network only, by default samba listen to all subnets.
This is intend to work in clean installations only or if default smb.conf is present.
CUPS is also listen to all subnets by default (Allow All), this will work only if default cupsd.conf is present.
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

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3.2.8.7 Manage Services
Here you can manage which services you want to start at boot (chmod [-+]x rc.script).
Dovecot, postfix, cyrus-sasl, spamassassin, mailscanner, sqlgrey and clamav are part of Mail service.
Clamav has an option of it's own, if you intend to use it with samba.
Even if you enable some services, such as NFS or TightVNC if they aren't configured they will not run.
If you don't want to alter anything click next.

Configuration Completed
Well you don't have to do anything here, unless you want to go back.
Just click finish and reboot your server.

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3.2.9 Securing and optimizing your SMS Server (CLI)
SMS has a CLI wizard through smsconfig script to secure and optimize your SMS server.
The wizard intended for clean installations of SMS with default passwords, although some part or all might
work in older installations.
1. To start the wizard issue from a terminal smsconfig secure

root@sms:~# smsconfig secure

+----------------------------------------------------+
|
SMS - Securing and Optimizing your Server
|
+----------------------------------------------------+
| This script will help you to change all default
|
| passwords for all default users and services.
|
| Press any key to continue or (Ctrl+C) to exit.
|
+----------------------------------------------------+

2. Next step the script ask you to change the password for user "administrator"

Changing password for administrator

Enter the new password (minimum of 5 characters)
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
New password:

3. Next you will be asked to disable shell access to users (that is intended for old installations too).

+-------------------------------+
| Manage users login:
|
+-------------------------------+
spamduser
vmail
dovecot
administrator
Do you want to disable shell access to those users? (y/n):

4. The next screen ask you, how to treat default ftp accounts "ftpuser" and "webftp".

+-------------------------------+
| Manage ftp users:
|
+-------------------------------+
(Y)Change passwords (D)Delete all ftp users (S)Skip

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5. If openldap is running, the wizard prompt you to change passwords for openldap root and uid=administrator
+-------------------------------+
| Manage OpenLDAP users:
|
+-------------------------------+
Enter new password for OpenLDAP's root:
Enter new password for uid=Administrator,ou=virtualusers,o=virtualmail,dc=sms,dc=org:

6. If MySQL is running the wizard ask you to manage MySQL users. The script search config files of weberp and
sqlgey and if default passwords found, it will prompt you to change those too.
+-------------------------------+
| Manage MySQL users:
|
+-------------------------------+
Enter new password for MySQL's root:
Choose password for database sqlgrey:
Choose password for database weberp:

7. Next the wizard prompt you to change default Webmin admin password.
+-------------------------------+
| Manage Webmin login:
|
+-------------------------------+
Choose password for admin user:

8. Next screen you have to choose what to do with web apps, weberp and torrentflux
+-------------------------------+
| Manage Web apps:
|
+-------------------------------+
Are you going to use Torrentflux? (y/n)
n
Are you going to use webERP? (y/n)
n

9. Next you have to manage samba network access, by default script search your subnet and apply it as default.
+-----------------------------------+
| Manage Samba network access:
|
+-----------------------------------+
Do you want to limit samba access to your network only [192.168.1.]? (y/n)

10. Well thats it, smsconfig secure is much simpler than sms_secure.kmdr GUI, but since you are already
using a terminal, you might not need that anyway.
+----------------------------------------------------+
|
Configuration completed
|
+----------------------------------------------------+

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3.3 Configuring X.
There are three ways to configure X Window system. The first is by a fully automated way through xconf script.
All you have to do is to type xconf , and start startx to start KDE.

The second way is Slackwares semi-automated way through xorgsetup command. Once you type xorgsetup
you will be guided through a few steps configuration windows.

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The third way is by typing xorgconfig, a menu driven frontend with more detailed configuration, but you
probably never need to run it. Once you finish with X config run startx to launch KDE.

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4. Adding and Removing packages.

SMS uses Slackwares package management ( pkgtools ).
To install packages useinstallpkg
installpkg package.tgz
To upgrade an existing package use upgradepkg
upgradepkg package.tgz
If the upgrade package has a different name you can use
upgradepkg oldpackage.tgz%newpackage.tgz
To remove a package use removepkg, all installed packages have an entry in /var/log/packages/.
removepkg
/var/log/packages/package
4.1 Installing SMS extra packages.
To install development packages mount SMS.Native.CD-Install.iso or download slackware/devel directory from
http://sms.it-ccs.com/isos/SMS-Current/ and do
installpkg
slackware/devel/*.tgz
or you can use the tagfile and do
cd slackware/devel/
./install-packages
To install a bootsplash kernel, just do
installpkg
extra/bootsplash_kernels/bootsplash-kernel.tgz
open /etc/lilo.conf and uncomment the following lines or add them if missing
append = "splash = verbose"
initrd = /boot/initrd.splash
( under label= SMS )
and run lilo for changes to apply.
If you want to install a generic-bootsplash kernel you have to create an initrd image with your modules e.g.
mkinitrd -c -k 2.6.37.6-smp -m reiserfs -f reiserfs -r /dev/sda1
copy your bootsplash in initrd-tree and recreate the intitrd.gz
cp /boot/initrd.splash /boot/initrd-tree/; mkinitrd;
open /etc/lilo.conf and uncomment the following lines or add them if missing
append = "splash = verbose"
initrd = /boot/initrd.gz
( under label= SMS )
and run lilo for changes to apply.
4.2 slapt-get.
Another way for installing, removing, upgrading packages in SMS, is slapt-get. To use slapt-get run

slapt-get --add-keys (to install GPG key, you only need to do that once)

slapt-get -u (to update list of packages, default from http://sms.it-ccs.com/SMS-Current)

slapt-get -i <name of packages> (to install a package)

slapt-get --remove <name of packages> (to remove a package)

slapt-get --available (to get a list of available packages and a mark wether they are installed or not)

slapt-get --upgrade (to upgrade all installed packages)

slapt-get --install-set <series> ( to install a set of series e.g. devel)

slapt-get --ignore-excludes (To install excluded packages specified in /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc)
Tip: To install devel series with slapt-get you must add --ignore-excludes as kernel-* packages are excluded by
default.

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4.3 Compile from source.
If an application you want is not available as a package, you can build it from source. To be able to compile apps
you must have a full install of SMS or at least devel series.
There are sites that provide slackware packages such as slacky.eu, and linuxpackages.net. If you dont find your
package on any site look for a slackbuild. Slackbuild is a script that will build your package from source to a
slackware package. You can search for slackbuilds at slackbuilds.org or google for it.
Assuming there isnt a slackbuild for your package, download the source of your application and read its
documentation about building your package from source. Usually the source tarball contains a README and an
INSTALL file with all the info you want for building it from source or even creating your slackbuild.
Once you untar your source, by running ./configure --help you will get a full list of build options.
Slackwares build options that should be always the same are
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--libdir=/usr/lib64 \ (if you are building a package in SMS64)
--localstatedir=/var \
--build=$ARCH-slackware-linux (where $ARCH is i486 or i686 or x86_64)
Also CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS , depending on your ARCH ( output of `arch`) should be
-O2 -march=i486 -mtune=i686 (arch i486)
-O2 -march=i686 -mtune=i686 (arch i686)
-02 -fPIC (arch x86_64)
So a configure command for i486 architecture should look like
CFLAGS="-O2 -march=i486 -mtune=i686" \
CXXFLAGS="-O2 -march=i486 -mtune=i686" \
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--localstatedir=/var \
--build=i486-slackware-linux \
--your options ...
And a configure command for x86_64 architecture should look like
CFLAGS="-02 -fPIC " \
CXXFLAGS="-02 -fPIC " \
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--libdir=/usr/lib64 \
--localstatedir=/var \
--build=x86_64-slackware-linux \
--your options ...
Once the configure finish without errors, type make to start building your package. If all goes well and there are
no errors your app is ready for installation. Its wise to create packages so you dont mess up you system.
To create the package you must install your app to a folder. To do that create a folder (e.g. /tmp/pkg) and run
make install DESTDIR=/tmp/pkg
Navigate to /tmp/pkg (cd /tmp/pkg) and use makepkg to create a slackware package with the command.
makepkg -l y -c n -p /root/[appname]-[version]-[arch]-[buildnumber].txz
You package is ready for installation in your root directory, and you can install it with installpkg
installpkg /root/ [appname]-[version]-[arch]-[buildnumber].txz
Tip: You can alternative try slapt-src (http://software.jaos.org/#slapt-src) a utility to make querying, retrieving,
and building slackbuilds for slackware.

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5. Using Superb Mini Server.

5.1.1.1 SMS Live CD.
SMS.LiveCD s purpose is for testing and demonstrating SMSs features, although it includes a text installer, its
NOT recommended for installing SMS. Upon booting you will get a prompt to select the mode you want to boot.

Boot modes are:

Boot From Hard Disk:

Dont boot from SMS at all, but boot from hard disk (device 0x80).
Run SMS:

Run SMS normally with all servers enabled.
SMS Copy To RAM:

Run SMS the same like above, but first copy all data to RAM to get huge speed (needs >512MB)
SMS Light:

Run SMS with all servers disabled.
SMS PXE Server:

Run SMS normally, but run a PXE server at the same time. This will allow you to boot SMS on other

computers over network.
SMS Cluster Master Node:

Run SMS as a Computational Cluster Master node, it will create user cluster and export its home


directory via nfs. It will start a PXE boot server for booting slave nodes.
Run Memtest utility:

Dont start SMS at all, but rather run the MemTest utility to diagnose your computers RAM for possible
errors
Boot modes use boot parameters (also known as cheatcodes) to affect the boot process. For instance boot mode
SMS Light use cheatcode light, or boot mode SMS Copy To RAM use cheatcode copy2ram. By pressing
TAB over a selection you will see the command line with all the options.

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5.1.1 SMS.LiveCD boot parameters (cheatcodes).
What are the boot parameters?
Boot parameters (also known as cheatcodes) are used to affect the booting process of SMS.
Some of them are common for all Linuxes, others are specific for SMS only.
How to use boot parameters?
Choose your desired menu entry and hit Tab key, which will allow you to edit the command line.
Write your desired boot argument at the end of command line.
For instance boot mode SMS PXE Server has the following command line (/proc/cmdline).

/boot/vmlinuz APPEND vga=791 initrd=/boot/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=8888 root=/dev/ram0 rw pxeboot

So by adding boot parameter light in the above command line, will start a PXE boot server with all the services
disabled, and by additionally adding ssh will enable SSH server only.
Available boot parameters (cheatcodes)
nocd => Dont mount any cdroms at all during the boot process.
nohd => Dont mount any harddisks at all.
nodma => Disable DMA for all CD-ROMs and disks.
toram => Copy all files (all required and optional modules) to RAM.
copy2ram => Copy all files (all required and optional modules) to RAM.
light => Disable all services.
pxeboot => Enable PXE Boot Server.
clmaster => Enable Cluster master node.
luks => Support for LUKS encrypted volumes.
smb => Enable samba file server.
nosmb => Disable samba file server.
afp => Enable AFP server.
ssh => Enable sshd server.
nossh => Disable sshd server.
ftp => Enable FTP server.
noftp => Disable FTP server.
httpd => Enable httpd web server.
nohttpd => Disable httpd web server.
ldap => Enable OpenLDAP server.
noldap => Disable OpenLDAP server.
mysql => Enable MySQL server.
nomysql => Disable MySQL server.
cups => Enable Print server.
nocups => Disable Print server.
mail => Enable SMS Mail server.
nomail => Disable SMS Mail server.
fax => Enable Fax server (hylafax).
nofax => Disable Fax server (hylafax)
debug => Enable debug mode (and start bash several times during the boot) hit Ctrl+D to continue booting.
from=path => Load SMS data from different place instead of the boot device.(from=/dev/sda1/SMS.LiveCD.iso)
changes=/path/ => Tell SMS to use a device, a file or a directory for storing changes.
changes=/sms/smssave.dat
changes=/dev/sda2/file.dat
changes=/dev/sda3/

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5.1.2 SMS Config GUI Tools
SMS have some GUI tools to make configuration easier for novice users.
Those tools are Kommander scripts (kmdr) and require x-kde-addon.
Scripts are placed in /usr/share/applications and they are part of sms-scripts package.
Kmdr-executor and libs are part of x-kde-addon package.
By default when you make a full install of SMS and login to KDE, you will find a desktop shortcut called
sms_config.
With sms_config you can configure your hostname.domain ang network interfaces, manage services,
resetting services and recover and manage RAID arrays.
SMS_Config

Double click the sms_config shortcut on the Desktop to open SMS Config GUI tools.

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Services
First button of sms_config will open services dialog where you can see which services are enable or not (on/
off) and if they are running.
You can also stop or start a service and edit configuration files of each service with kwrite.
By ticking the checkbox and clicking Apply you enable or disable a service (chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.service)
By pressing stop or start you either stop or start a service (/etc/rc.d/rc.service stop/start)
By selecting a file through drop down box you edit a configuration file with kwrite editor.

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NetConfig
The second button of sms_config will open the netconfig dialog, which is pretty much the same as if you were
running /sbin/netconfig or /sbin/netconfig-lcd, but with some extras.
Setup your hostname.domain and for which services, you want to configure your new hostname.domain.
Add your network preferences for each interface including IP Address, Subnet mask , default gateway and DNS
settings.
You can also add a router configuration, by checking the appropriate checkbox and selecting which interface
will be the external network (WAN) and which one will be the internal network (LAN).
If you dont want to set all options, just uncheck what you dont want.

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Raid Recovery
Raid recovery, is a safe GUI tool for Scan, assemble, stop, or view details about a RAID array.
Dont have any advanced options, deliberately, for not damaging a RAID array, by accident.
If a RAID array is mounted you will be warned to unmount your array before proceeding to recovery.
Scan for arrays search for RAID arrays and by pressing Write to mdadm.conf writes the information in
/etc/mdadm.conf.
If a RAID array discovered you can try to assemble it be pressing assemble arrays.
To view details of a RAID array click on Details

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SMS Tools
SMS Tools provide an easy way to reset MySQL root password, or reset/change Webmin administrators
password.
You can also migrate db44 to db46 like sms-migrate.sh and you can change/reset OpenLDAP root password.
The GUI will ask you for the old OpenLDAPs root password to change cn=Manager,dc=hostname,dc=domain,
but even if you dont provide one, password will be changed whatever, since it will alter /etc/openldap/slapd.
conf.

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5.1.3 SMS Config CLI Tools (smsconfig)
smsconfig is a powerful CLI script for managing services, resetting passwords and performing various tasks.
By typing smsconfig you get a help dialog about usage of the script, and information of each command.
Its usage is quite simple
smsconfig [service]
root@sms:~# smsconfig
Usage: /sbin/smsconfig
Services:
asterisk, pbx
avahi
bind
clamav, av
cups
dansguardian, dguard
dnsmasq
dovecot, imap
fail2ban, f2b
freeradius, radius
httpd, apache, ht
hylafax, fax
lighttpd, lhttp
mailscanner
mysql, sql
nagios
netatalk, atalk, afp
nfs
nginx
ntp
openldap, ldap
openvpn, vpn
postfix, mail
postgresql, pgsql
proftpd, ftp
rtorrent, rtor
samba, smb
sasl
sendmail
spamassassin, spamd
squid
ssh
transmission, tmission
vnc, tightvnc
apache-tomcat, tomcat
mediatomb
kmotion
varnish
vsftpd, sftp
webmin, wm
nss-pam-ldap, pamldap

[options]

[services]

[options]

Asterisk PBX
Local network service discovery
Bind DNS server and utilities
ClamAV antivirus
CUPS print server
Web content filter
Light DNS and DHCP server
Dovecot IMAP/POP server
Bans IP that makes too many password failures
Radius protocol server
Apache HTTP server
Hylafax FAX server
Light, fast, and secure webserver
Antivirus and antispam filter
SQL-based relational database server
Nagios monitoring software
Appletalk file and print server
Network File System daemon
Nginx [engine x] (http/imap/pop3 proxy)
Network Time Protocol daemon
OpenLDAP server
Secure IP tunnel daemon
Postfix mail server
Object-relational database management system
FTP server
RTorrent torrent client
SMB file and print server
Simple Authentication and Security Layer
Mail transfer agent (by default disabled)
SMS by default use Postfix mail server
Perl e-mail filter to identify spam
Squid Web proxy server and web cache
SSHD Secure Shell daemon
Transmission-daemon torrent client
VNC server
Java servlet container
Mediatomb UPnP Media Server
Web based video surveillance solution
Varnish Cache, a web application accelerator
Very secure FTP Daemon
Webmin Management.
LDAP NSS/PAM module

Options:
start
stop
on
off
status, st
config, cf

start the service

stop the service
enable service (chmod +x)
disable service(chmod -x)
return status of the service
edit configuration files

Tools:
help, -help, --help
version, -V
info, sys
status, all, st
mysqlreset
webminreset
ldapreset
netconfig
router
inetd
secure

Display this help and exit

Display version of the script
Print system information
Return the status of all services
Reset MySQL root password
Reset Webmin login
Reset/Change OpenLDAP password
Set hostname and configure network interfaces
Set up a router
Edit the BSD Internet super-daemon (inetd.conf)
Secure and Optimize your server (change default passwords)

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smsconfig status
Status option return the status of each service, either stopped, running and its running PID(s), disabled and N/A if
service isnt installed.
So by running smsconfig status or smsconfig st or smsconfig all, you will get the status of all services.

root@sms:~# smsconfig status

TYPE
SERVICE
STATUS
Service asterisk
[ N/A ]
Service avahi
[ N/A ]
Service bind
[ Running
Service clamav
[ Stopped
Service cups
[ Running
Service dansguardian
[ Disabled
Service dnsmasq
[ Disabled
Service dovecot
[ Running
Service fail2ban
[ Running
Service freeradius
[ N/A ]
Service fuppes
[ N/A ]
Service httpd
[ Running
Service hylafax
[ Running
Service lighttpd
[ N/A ]
Service mailscanner
[ Running
Service mysql
[ Running
Service netatalk
[ Disabled
Service nfs
[ Stopped
Service nginx
[ N/A ]
Service ntp
[ Disabled
Service openldap
[ Running
Service openvpn
[ Stopped
Service postfix
[ Running
Service postgresql
[ N/A ]
Service proftpd
[ Running
Service rtorrent
[ N/A ]
Service samba
[ Running
Service sasl
[ Running
Service sendmail
[ Disabled
Service spamassasin
[ Running
Service squid
[ Disabled
Service ssh
[ Running
Service transmission
[ N/A ]
Service vnc
[ Disabled
Service apache-tomcat [ N/A ]
Service mediatomb
[ N/A ]
Service kmotion
[ N/A ]
Service varnish
[ Disabled
Service vsftpd (inetd) [ Disabled
Service nss-pam-ldap
[ N/A ]

PID(s)

]
]
]
]
]
]
]

[ 3569 ]
[ 3653 ]

[ 4145 ]
[ 4176 ]

] [ 4004 4003 4002 4001 4000 3983 ]

] [ 4021 ]
] [ 4133 4156 4157 4158 4166 6593 ]
] [ 3981 ]
]
]
]
] [ 4025 ]
]
] [ 4111 ]
] [ 4194 ]
]
]
]
]
]
]

[ 4165 4162 ]
[ 3668 3667 3666 3665 3663 ]
[ 4155 4159 4160 ]
[ 5478 3562 ]

]
]

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Services Options
Every service has options, that you can pass in smsconfig. By typing smsconfig [service] you will get a list of
options that are available. Common options are:
start
stop
on
off
status, st
config, cf

start the service

stop the service
enable service (chmod +x)
disable service(chmod -x)
return status of the service
edit configuration files

Some services have extra options like cyrus-sasl:

root@sms:~# smsconfig sasl
Usage: /sbin/smsconfig sasl [option]
Options:
start
stop
on
off
status, st
ldap
shadow
config, cf

start the service

stop the service
enable service (chmod +x)
disable service(chmod -x)
return status of the service
switch to ldap authentication
switch to shadow authentication
edit configuration files

or vsftpd:
root@sms:~# smsconfig vsftpd
Usage: /sbin/smsconfig vsftpd [option]
Options:
start
stop
on
off
daemon
inetd
status, st
config, cf

start the vsftpd daemon (standalone mode)

stop the vsftpd daemon (standalone mode)
enable service & restart inetd
disable service & restart inetd
switch to daemon (standalone mode)
switch to inetd
return status of the service
edit configuration files

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smsconfig tools
Beside services smscofig provide some tools for performing various tasks, similar to SMS-Config GUI Tools.
Available tools are:
help, -help, --help
version, -V
status, all. st
mysqlreset
webminreset
ldapreset
netconfig
router
inetd

Display this help and exit

Display version of the script
Return the status of all services
Reset MySQL root password
Reset Webmin login
Reset/Change OpenLDAP password
Set hostname and configure network interfaces
Set up a router
Edit the BSD Internet super-daemon (inetd.conf)

root@sms:~# smsconfig -V
smsconfig v0.4.2
SMS Version: SMS 2.0.1

root@sms:~# smsconfig router

Select external network (WAN):
Available interfaces: eth1 eth0
eth0
Select internal network (LAN):
Available interfaces: eth1
eth1
+---------------------------------------------+
|
/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall created
|
+---------------------------------------------+
| Your router is ready, to start it run
|
| /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall or reboot your server |
+---------------------------------------------+
root@sms:~# smsconfig webminreset
1) admin
2) Exit
Please Select a user:1
Enter new password for admin
Updated password of Webmin user admin
root@sms:~# smsconfig info
smsconfig v0.4.2
SMS Version: SMS 2.0.1
System Information:
Hostname:
sms.org sms
Network eth1:
192.168.0.12
Network eth0:
192.168.1.20
Architecture:
i686 3.2.33-lcd
CPU:
Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU
Memory:
Total: 490MB Free: 54MB
Filesystem
aufs
tmpfs
/dev/sr0
/dev/md0

Size
295M
246M
4.1G
7.9G

E5300

@ 2.60GHz

Used Avail Use% Mounted on

27M 268M 10% /
0 246M
0% /dev/shm
4.1G
0 100% /mnt/sr0
146M 7.4G
2% /mnt/md0

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5.2 Network configuration.
If you have a DHCP server enabled in your local network ,SMS will acquire an IP address automatically. In the
case where a DHCP server isnt available and you need to configure your ethernet cards automatically, first check
if your ethernet cards are automatically detected by checking /proc/net/dev or by running ifconfig
root@sms:~# grep eth /proc/net/dev
eth0: 3484894
6598
0 0 0 0 0 0 109113

1621

root@sms:~# ifconfig eth0

eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:D8:0A:66
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fed8:a66/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1640 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3489162 (3.3 Mb) TX bytes:110703 (108.1 Kb)

Slackware configures Ethernet interfaces through /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf. So by changing rc.inet1.conf to

# Config information for eth0:
IPADDR[0]="192.168.2.11"
NETMASK[0]="255.255.255..0"
USE_DHCP[0]=""
DHCP_HOSTNAME[0]=""
# Default gateway IP address:
GATEWAY="192.168.2.1"

For changes to apply run

root@sms:~# /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 eth0_restart

root@sms:~# ifconfig eth0
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:D8:0A:66
inet addr:192.168.2.11 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fed8:a66/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8506 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2110 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3612599 (3.4 Mb) TX bytes:164526 (160.6 Kb)

DNS servers are listed in /etc/resolv.conf. To manually add name servers edit /etc/resolv.conf and enter e.g.
nameserver 192.168.2.1
nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 208.67.220.220

Antoher way to configure manually your eth0 is by using ifconfig like

root@sms:~# ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255

The same way you can add virtual network interfaces like

root@sms:~# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

If you want virtual interfaces to automatically start at boot place an entry in /erc/rc.d/rc.local like:

/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

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5.3 Basic linux commands.
To get help about unix commands use the man command to read manual pages, like man ls or use --help like
ls ---help , or if a command is built in like cd use help cd.
5.3.1 ls
This command lists files in a directory. Windows and DOS users will notice its similarity to the dir command. By
itself, ls(1) will list the files in the current directory. To see whats in your root directory, you could run:
root@sms:~# ls /
bin/ boot/ dev/

etc/

home/

lib/

mnt/

opt/

proc/

root/

sbin/

srv/

sys/

tmp/

usr/

var/

Directories get a slash at the end of the name, executable files get an asterisk at the end of the name, and so on.
ls can also be used to get other statistics on files. For example, to see the creation dates, owners, and permissions,
you would look at a long listing:

root@sms:~# ls -lh
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2
drwxr-xr-x 6
drwxr-xr-x 15
drwxr-xr-x 79
drwxr-xr-x 4
drwxr-xr-x 7
drwxr-xr-x 4
drwxr-xr-x 3
dr-xr-xr-x 116
drwx--x--- 6
drwxr-xr-x 2
drwxr-xr-x 2
drwxr-xr-x 13
drwxrwxrwt 5
drwxr-xr-x 27
drwxr-xr-x 36

/
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root

root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root

2.6K Apr
4.0K Apr
5.3K Jun
300 Jun
47 Feb
60 Apr
80 Jun
74 Apr
0
Jun
139 Oct
4.4K May
39 Apr
0
Jun
100 Jun
80 Mar
200 Apr

23
27
19
19
28
25
19
23
19
6
12
8
19
19
25
25

16:18
20:39
13:35
13:35
06:03
14:03
2011
16:17
2011
1997
2010
2007
2011
13:35
12:29
14:03

bin/
boot/
dev/
etc/
home/
lib/
mnt/
opt/
proc/
root/
sbin/
srv/
sys/
tmp/
usr/
var/

Suppose you want to get a listing of the hidden files in a directory. This command will do just that:

root@sms:~# ls -a
./ ../ .bash_history

.cpan/

.gnupg/

.hplip.conf

.kde/

.rnd

.spamassassin/

Files beginning with a period (called dot files) are hidden when you run ls.
You will only see them if you pass the -a option. There are many more options that can be found in the manual
page. Dont forget that you can combine options that you pass to ls.
5.3.2 cd
The cd command is used to change working directories. You simply type cd followed by the path name to change
to. Here are some examples:

root@sms:/# cd /var/smb/

root@sms:/var/smb# cd smb

-bash: cd: smb: No such file or directory

root@sms:/var/smb# ls

samba/ tflux_downloads/

root@sms:/var/smb# cd samba/

root@sms:/var/smb/samba# pwd
/var/smb/samba

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5.3.3 pwd
The pwd command is used to show your current location (parrent working dir). To use the pwd command just type
pwd. For example:
root@sms:~# cd /boot/
root@sms:/boot# pwd
/boot
root@sms:/boot# cd /tmp/
root@sms:/tmp# pwd
/tmp

5.3.4 less
Pager utilities are useful for reading long outputs (through pipe) or files in a terminal for instance try
ls -lha /usr/bin/ | less
or opening a file with
less

README.txt

Use the arrows up/down and page up/page down to scroll the output, press Q to quit.
5.3.5 cat
cat is short for concatenate. It was originally designed to merge text files into one, but can be used for many other
purposes. To merge two or more files into one, you simply list the files after the cat command and then redirect the
new output to a file. cat works with standard input and standard output, so you have to use the shell redirection
characters. For example:
cat file1 file2 file3 > bigfile
One can also use cat to display files. Many people cat text files through the more or less commands, like this:
cat file1 | less
That will display the file1 file and pipe it through the less command so that you only get one screen at a time.
Another common use for cat is copying files. You can copy any file around with cat, like this:
cat /bin/bash > ~/mybash
The /bin/bash program is copied to your home directory and named mybash.
cat has many uses and the ones discussed here are just a few. Since cat makes extensive use of standard input and
standard output, it is ideal for use in shell scripts or part of other complex commands.
5.3.6 echo
The echo(1) command displays the specified text on the screen. You specify the string to display after the echo
command. By default echo will display the string and print a newline character after it.
You can pass the -n option to suppress the printing of the newline. The -e option will cause echo to search for escape
characters in the string and execute them.
5.3.7 touch
touch(1) is used to change the timestamp on a file. You can change access timestamps and modification timestamps
with this command. If the file specified does not exist, touch will create a zero length file with the name specified.
5.3.8 mkdir rmdir
mkdir(1) will create a new directory. You simply specify the directory to create when you run mkdir. This example
creates the newfolder directory in the current directory.
root@sms:~# mkdir newfolder
The -p option will tell mkdir to make any parent directories. For instance the command mkdir /root/new/new2
will fail if /root/new doesnt exist but with the -p option it will create /root/new first and then /root/new/new2.
root@sms:~# mkdir /root/new/new1
mkdir: cannot create directory `/root/new/new1: No such file or directory
root@sms:~# mkdir -p /root/new/new1
root@sms:~# ls /root/new/
new1/
Exactly the opposite way rmdir works. To remove a dir use rmdir and to remove the dir and parent directories you
pass the -p option.
Tip: be vary careful when using rmdir -p as you may harm your system.

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5.3.9 cp
cp(1) copies files. DOS users will notice its similarity to the copy command. There are many options for cp , so you
should have a look at the man page before using it. Basic usage for a simple file copy
cp file /tmp/ or cp file /tmp/file2
To copy a directory
cp -r /root/new
/tmp/ (copy directory new to /tmp)
5.3.10 mv
mv(1) moves files and directories from one place to another, but can be used to rename files or directories as well.

mv file /tmp/

(move file to /tmp)

mv file1 file2
(rename file1 to file2
5.3.11 rm
rm(1) removes files and directory trees. DOS users will notice the similarity to both the del and deltree
commands. rm can be very dangerous if you do not watch yourself.
rm file1 (delete file1)
rm -f file1
(force the deletion of file1)
rm -r /root/new/ (delete the directory /root/new/)
5.3.12 ln
ln(1) is used to create links between files. These links can be either hard links or soft (symbolic) links by passing the
-s option.
ln -s
/var/smb/samba
~/samba (create a symlink of /var/smb/samba to our
home directory)
5.3.13 grep
grep is used to for searching files or output for a pattern and return it.
root@sms:~# grep 192.168.2.11 /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf
IPADDR[0]=192.168.2.11
or
root@sms:~# ps aux|grep sshd
root
3308 0.0 0.2
4208 1012 ?
Ss
14:18
0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
grep has a lot of powerful options, use grep --help or man grep to find them.
5.3.14 find
The find(1) command allows the user to search the filesystem with a rich collection of search predicates.
Users may specify a search with filename wildcards, ranges of modification or creation times, or other advanced
properties.
root@sms:~# find /var/ -name samba
/var/spool/samba
/var/cache/samba
/var/log/samba
/var/smb/samba
5.3.15 which, whereis
which is usually used to locate a program quickly. It just searches your PATH and returns the first instance it finds
and the directory path to it.
whereis(1) command works similar to which, but can also search for man pages and source files.
root@sms:~# which grep
/usr/bin/grep
5.3.16 ps
ps is like activity monitor in OS X or task manager in Windows, it list all the running processes. For instance if we
want to check if smbd process is running we can type:
root@sms:~# ps aux|grep smbd
root
4305 1.0 0.7 17992 3680 ?
Ss
18:17
0:00 /usr/sbin/smbd
-D
root
4307 0.0 0.2 17992 1196 ?
S
18:17
0:00 /usr/sbin/smbd
-D
More info on how ps works and what are those numbers in man pages.
In the output above we hold that a smbd runs with pids 4305, 4307.

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5.3.17 kill
On occasion, programs misbehave and youll need to put them back in line. The program for this kind of
administration is called kill(1), and it can be used for manipulating processes in several ways. The most obvious
use of kill is to kill off a process. Youll need to do this if a program has run away and is using up lots of system
resources, or if youre just sick of it running. In order to kill off a process, youll need to know its PID or its name.
To get the PID, use the ps command as was discussed in the last section. For example, to kill off process 4747, youd
issue the following:
root@sms:~# kill 4747
Note that youll have to be the owner of the process in order to kill it. This is a security feature. If you were allowed
to kill off processes started by other users, it would be possible to do all sorts of malicious things. Of course, root can
kill off any process on the system.
Theres another variety of the kill command called killall(1). This program does exactly what it says: it kills all the
running processes that have a certain name. If you wanted to kill off all the running vim processes, you could type
the following command:
root@sms:~# killall vim
Sometimes a regular kill doesnt get the job done. Certain processes will not die with a kill. Youll need to use a more
potent form. If that pesky PID 4747 wasnt responding to your kill request, you could do the following:
root@sms:~# kill -9 4747
That will almost certainly cause process 4747 to die. You can do the same thing with killall. What this is doing
is sending a different signal to the process. A regular kill sends a SIGTERM (terminate) signal to the process,
which tells it to finish what its doing, clean up, and exit. kill -9 sends a SIGKILL (kill) signal to the process, which
essentially drops it. The process is not allowed to clean-up, and sometimes bad things like data corruption could
occur by killing something with a SIGKILL. Theres a whole list of signals at your disposal. You can get a listing of
signals by typing the following:
root@sms:~# kill -l
1) SIGHUP
2) SIGINT
3) SIGQUIT
4) SIGILL
5) SIGTRAP
6) SIGABRT
7) SIGBUS
8) SIGFPE
9) SIGKILL
10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV
12) SIGUSR2
13) SIGPIPE
14) SIGALRM
15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT
17) SIGCHLD
18) SIGCONT
19) SIGSTOP
20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN
22) SIGTTOU
23) SIGURG
24) SIGXCPU
25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM
27) SIGPROF
28) SIGWINCH
29) SIGIO
30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS
34) SIGRTMIN
35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
5.3.18 nano
nano is a small, friendly editor, plain and easy to use, as easy as typing nano file. If file exist will open it for
editing, if not exist it will create it. Basic nano commands are

Ctrl+G or F1 Help
Ctrl+O or F3 Save changes
Ctrl+X or F2 Exit nano and ask you to save if changes not saved.
Ctrl+W or F6 Search for a string
Ctrl+K or F9 Cut lines
Ctrl+U or F10 Uncut lines into current line.

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5.3.19 vi
vi(1) is the standard Unix text editing program, and a powerful text editor. Comparing to nano its more
complicated with various modes and a lot of commands. Mastering vi isnt an easy goal but if you do, you would
not regret it. On the other hand if you dont want to learn vi, you must at least know a few basic keystrokes to be
able to edit and save a file. In the old days vi was used, and still used, to edit /etc/group /etc/passwd and
/etc/sudoers with vigr, vipw and visudo, as a security measure, but now days you can edit them with nano, it
wouldnt make a difference. Many applications though tend to use vi for editing their configuration files, such as
Oracles Grid Engine. To open /tmp/file1 just type vi /tmp/file1, same as nano if the file exist it will open it for
editing, if not will create it. Once you open the file with vi you will notice that you can enter any data. To be able
to edit the file you have to switch to insert mode by typing I. Once you are in insert mode edit the file and
press the escape button (Esc) to return to command mode. To save the file type :wq if you dont want to save the
file type :q!, to open a file from vi type :e /tmp/file1. Lets see an example:

vi test
(Open file test in our parent directory with vi)

press i
(Enter insert mode and edit file test)

press Esc
(Return to command mode)

type :wq
(Save and Exit vi)

type :q!
(Exit vi and discard changes)
5.3.20 mount, umount
Mounting devices is quite easy, using the mount command. All you need to do is provide the device you want to
mount and the mount point. Most of the situations are automatically detected so you dont have to enter any other
parameter. So to mount CD-ROM to /mnt/sr0 (mount point must exist) just type:
mount /dev/sr0
/mnt/sr0
By issuing the command mount you will get all mount devices, this is the output of SMS.LiveCD.
root@sms:~# mount
aufs on / type aufs (rw,relatime,si=679f0722,nowarn_perm)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt/sr0 type iso9660 (ro,noatime)
Now there are situations where you need to enter more options, like mounting an ISO image, like:
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /mnt/sda1/SMS.LiveCD.iso /mnt/iso
You will notice there are several mount specific commands like:
mount.cifs
mount.fuse mount.lowntfs-3g mount.nfs mount.ntfs-3g mount.smbfs
So if you want to mount an NTFS partition with read-write permissions you can also use mount.ntfs-3g.
To unmount a device just use umount command following the device or mount point:

umount /mn/iso
(Anything that mounted in /mnt/iso will unmounted)

umount /dev/sr0
(Unmount CD-ROM)
5.3.21 adduser
The easiest way to manage users and groups is with the supplied scripts and programs. Slackware includes the
programs adduser, userdel(8), chfn(1), chsh(1), and passwd(1) for dealing with users. The commands groupadd(8),
groupdel(8), and groupmod(8) are for dealing with groups. With the exception of chfn, chsh, and passwd, these
programs are generally only run as root, and are therefore located in /usr/sbin. chfn, chsh, and passwd can be run
by anyone, and are located in /usr/bin.
Users can be added with the adduser program. Well start out by going through the whole procedure, showing
all the questions that are asked and a brief description of what everything means. The default answer is in the
brackets, and can be chosen for almost all the questions, unless you really want to change something.
root@sms:~# adduser
Login name for new user []: angel

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This is the name that the user will use to login. Traditionally, login names are eight characters or fewer, and all
lowercase characters. (You may use more than eight characters, or use digits, but avoid doing so unless you have
a fairly important reason.)
You can also provide the login name as an argument on the command line:

root@sms:~# adduser angel
In either case, after providing the login name, adduser will prompt for the user ID:
User ID (UID) [ defaults to next available ]:
The user ID (UID) is how ownerships are really determined in Linux. Each user has a unique number, starting at
1000 in Slackware. You can pick a UID for the new user, or you can just let adduser assign the user the next free
one. All users are placed into the users group by default. You might want to place the new user into a different
group, but it is not recommended unless you know what youre doing.
Initial group [users]:
This question allows you to place the new user into additional groups. It is possible for a user to be in several groups
at the same time.
Additional UNIX groups:
Users can belong to additional UNIX groups on the system.
For local users using graphical desktop login managers such
as XDM/KDM, users may need to be members of additional groups
to access the full functionality of removable media devices.
* Security implications *
Please be aware that by adding users to additional groups may
potentially give access to the removable media of other users.
If you are creating a new user for remote shell access only,
users do not need to belong to any additional groups as standard,
so you may press ENTER at the next prompt.
Press ENTER to continue without adding any additional groups
Or press the UP arrow key to add/select/edit additional groups
: audio cdrom floppy plugdev video power netdev
Home directories default to being placed under /home. If you run a very large system, its possible that you have
moved the home directories to a different location (or to many locations). This step allows you to specify where the
users home directory will be.
Home directory [ /home/angel ]
bash is the default shell for Slackware Linux, and will be fine for most people, but if this is a virtual user you should
change shell to /bin/false.
Shell [ /bin/bash ]
Accounts can be set up to expire on a specified date. By default, there is no expiration date.
Expiry date (YYYY-MM-DD) []:
If you entered something incorrectly, you should hit Control+C and start over. Otherwise, you can hit enter and
the account will be made.
Login name.......: angel
UID..............: [ Next available ]
Initial group....: users
Additional groups: audio,cdrom,floppy,plugdev,video,power,netdev
Home directory...: /home/angel
Shell............: /bin/bash
Expiry date......: [ Never ]
This is it... if you want to bail out, hit Control-C.
ENTER to go ahead and make the account.

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Optionally you can enter additional information about the user. You dont have to enter any of this if you dont
want to, and the user can change it at any time using chfn
Creating new account...
Changing the user information for angel
Enter the new value, or press return for the default
Full Name []:
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
Home Phone []:
Other []:
Next you will have to choose a password for the user you just created.
Changing password for angel
Enter the new password (minimum of 5, maximum of 127 characters)
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password changed.
Account setup complete.
Tip: Having a secure password is the first line of defence against getting cracked. You do not want to have an easily
guessed password, because that makes it easier for someone to break into your system. Ideally, a secure password
would be a random string of characters, including upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and random characters.
Another way of adding users is with useradd command
root@sms:~# useradd -G users,power,netdev,cdrom -m -d /home/elmo -s bin/bash elmo
Or if you want to create users with no shell or home directory
root@sms:~# useradd -d /dev/null -s /bin/false elmo
To add or change password for users use passwd command.
root@sms:~# passwd
angel
Changing password for angel
Enter the new password (minimum of 5, maximum of 127 characters)
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password changed.
5.3.22 chmod, chown
The filesystem stores ownership information for each file and directory on the system. This includes what user and
group own a particular file. We can easily change the file owners with the chown(1) (which means change owner)
and chgrp(1) (which means change group) commands. To change the file owner to daemon, we would use chown:
root@sms:~# chown daemon /usr/bin/wc
To change the group owner to root, we would use chgrp:
root@sms:~# chgrp root /usr/bin/wc
We can also use chown to specify the user and group owners for a file:
root@sms:~# chown daemon:root /usr/bin/wc

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Permissions are the other important part of the multiuser aspects of the filesystem. With these, you can change
who can read, write, and execute files. The permission information is stored as four octal digits, each specifying a
different set of permissions. There are owner permissions, group permissions, and world permissions. The fourth
octal digit is used to store special information such as set user ID, set group ID, and the sticky bit. The octal values
assigned to the permission modes are (they also have letters associated with them that are displayed by programs
such as ls and can be used by chmod):
Permission Type Octal Value
Letter Value
sticky bit
1
t
set user ID
4
s
set group ID
2
s
read 4 r
write 2 w
execute
1
x
You add the octal values for each permission group. For example, if you want the group permissions to be read
and write, you would use 6 in the group portion of the permission information. To set special permissions with
chmod, add the numbers together and place them in the first column. For example, to make it set user ID and set
group ID, we use 6 as the first column:
root@sms:~# chmod 6755 /tmp/example
If the octal values confuse you, you can use letters with chmod. The permission groups are represented as:
Owner
u
Group g
World o
All of the above a
Some people prefer the letters over the numbers. Either way will result in the same set of permissions.
The octal format is often faster, and the one you see most often used in shell scripts. Sometimes the letters are more
powerful however. For example, theres no easy way to change one group of permissions while preserving the other
groups on files and directories when using the octal format. This is trivial with the letters.
root@sms:~# ls -l
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jun 21 18:10 file1*
-rwxr-x--- 1 root root 0 Jun 21 18:10 file2*
----r-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jun 21 18:10 file3*
root@sms:~# chmod g-rxw file?
root@sms:~# ls -l
total 0
-rwx---r-x 1 root root 0 Jun 22 13:03 file1*
-rwx------ 1 root root 0 Jun 22 13:03 file2*
-------r-x 1 root root 0 Jun 22 13:03 file3*
Those are some basic commands, to get you started, some of the were took from slackbook.org, you might want to
get into something more detailed and complete, like Linux Complete Command Reference.

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5.4 Samba (SMB) Configuration.
SMB (for Server Message Block) is a descendant of the older NetBIOS protocol that was initially used by IBM in
their LAN Manager product. Microsoft has always been fairly interested in NetBIOS and its successors (NetBEUI,
SMB and CIFS). The Samba project has existed since 1991, when it was originally written to link an IBM PC
running NetBIOS with a Unix server. These days, SMB is the preferred method for sharing file and print services
over a network for virtually the entire civilized world because Windows supports it.
Sambas start up script is /etc/rc.d/rc.samba. To start it, you have to make it executable and start it with
/etc/rc.d/rc.samba start
Samba by default is enabled so you dont have to do all that, but if for a reason you want to restart the service do:
/etc/rc.d/rc.samba restart
Sambas configuration file is /etc/samba/smb.conf. The default configuration of SMS is:
[global]
log file = /var/log/samba.%m
ldap ssl = No
restrict anonymous = no
domain master = no
public = yes
server string = SMS Samba Server
max protocol = NT1
workgroup = WORKGROUP
acl compatibility = winnt
server signing = Auto
security = share
preferred master = no
max log size = 50
# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the loopback interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
;
hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.
[Samba @ SMS]
path = /var/smb/samba/
read only = no
[FAXES]
path = /var/spool/hylafax/recvq/
read only = no
[TorrentFlux Downloads]
path = /var/smb/tflux_downloads/
read only = no
Default security level is share, which means all guests allowed and have read-write permissions to all our share
that indicate read only = no
To add a share just add it to smb.conf as
[name of the share]
path=<path to our shared directory>
read only = < yes or no>
... other options
To test your configuration just run testparm and check the output. For a full list of options for smb.conf use man
smb.conf , also check /etc/samba/smb.conf-sample.

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To change our security from share to user, so share prompt for username and password, change

security = share to
security = user
And add our users with
root@sms:~# smbpasswd -a angel
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user angel.
Its important to note that a given username must already exist in the /etc/passwd file. Now when try to connect
to SMB shares from a windows machine you will get a promt to enter username and password.

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5.5 FTP (proftpd) configuration.
The easiest way of configuring proftpd is by using gproftpd already available in x-kde-addon package. If you made
a full installation of SMS, all you have to do is start KDE with startx.
In Servers tab you can set your FTP info and configuration variables

In Users tab you can add/delete edit users. To edit or delete a user, just select the user and edit his fields and press
apply or press delete to delete the user. To add a user fill up his fields like username password directory and set the
attributes, by clicking the boxes and press Add.

By clicking activate you enable the FTP server, Deactivate or Shutdown disable FTP server, Apply, apply changes
to FTP server, Help has a few notes about adding users and directories, that you should read.

Tip: Proftpd can start as a standalone server or as an inetd, by editing /etc/inetd.conf.

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5.5.1 FTP (vsftpd) configuration.
Superb Mini Server comes with a second FTP server to choose, called vsftpd (Very Secure FTP Daemon). To
activated it, you need to edit /etc/inetd.conf and uncomment the line
# Very Secure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.
ftp
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd vsftpd
stop proftpd (/etc/rc.d/rc.proftpd stop) and restart inetd server (Internet super-server daemon).
root@sms:~# /etc/rc.d/rc.inetd restart
Starting Internet super-server daemon: /usr/sbin/inetd
By default vsftpd allow anonymous logins, to change that edit /etc/vsftpd.conf and change
anonymous_enable=YES to
anonymous_enable=NO
and to allow local users uncomment the line
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
Some other good options you should consider are
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
idle_session_timeout=600
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
data_connection_timeout=120
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to SMS FTP service.
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
check_shell=NO
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
Create a file called /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list and /etc/vsftpd.user_list and add your users.
root@sms:~# cat /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
administrator
root@sms:~# cat /etc/vsftpd.user_list
administrator
You can create users with no shell and create their home dir like:
root@sms:~# useradd -d /var/ftp/test -s /bin/false test
root@sms:~# mkdir -p /var/ftp/test
root@sms:~# chown -R test /var/ftp/test/
root@sms:~# passwd test
And finally add user test to /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list and /etc/vsftpd.user_list
Tip: If you dont want to start vsftpd through inetd you can change in /etc/vsftpd.conf

Listen=NO to
Listen=YES
and you can start vsftpd with
vsftpd &

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5.6 Sharing a Printer through Samba (CUPS + SMB).
Login to CUPS interface (https://youserver:631/admin) and add your printer, either by pressing the button
Find New Printers or by pressing Add Printer. Once you have install a printer in our case was
HP845c
HP Deskjet 845c
HP Deskjet 845c hpijs, 3.10.5 Idle
Download windows drivers from http://cups.org/windows/software.php untar them with
tar xvjf cups-windows-6.0-source.tar.bz2
cd cups-windows-6.0
make install
You will also need to copy in /usr/share/cups/drivers, Microsoft Postscript drivers from a Windows XP machine
localed in C:\WINDOWS\system32\spool\drivers\w32x86\3
ps5ui.dll
pscript.hlp
pscript.ntf
pscript5.dll
you need to edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and add under [global]
load printers = yes
printing = cups
printcap name = /etc/printcap
printer = HP845c
Temporally you need to switch security to user
Securtity = share to Security = user
and add shares for printer and drivers.
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = yes
public = yes
guest ok = yes
printable = yes
printer admin = root
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /usr/share/cups/drivers
browseable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = yes
write list = root
run smbpasswd -a root and after run cupsaddsmb script to add the windows drivers. A simple output will be
root@sms:/usr/share/cups/drivers# cupsaddsmb -a
Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA:
Now you can switch your security back to share.

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A verbose output should look like that:
root@sms:/usr/share/cups/drivers# cupsaddsmb -a -v
Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA:
Running command: smbclient //localhost/print$ -N -A /tmp/04a024e104f8e -c mkdir W32X86;put /
tmp/04a024e1a868c W32X86/HP845c.ppd;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ps5ui.dll W32X86/ps5ui.dll;put /usr/
share/cups/drivers/pscript.hlp
W32X86/pscript.hlp;put
/usr/share/cups/drivers/pscript.ntf
W32X86/
pscript.ntf;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/pscript5.dll W32X86/pscript5.dll
Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6]
NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86
putting file /tmp/04a024e1a868c as \W32X86/HP845c.ppd (2014.0 kb/s) (average 2014.1 kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ps5ui.dll as \W32X86/ps5ui.dll (20699.9 kb/s) (average 16962.8 kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/pscript.hlp as \W32X86/pscript.hlp (5085.4 kb/s) (average 15883.1
kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/pscript.ntf as \W32X86/pscript.ntf (25312.7 kb/s) (average 19910.3
kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/pscript5.dll as \W32X86/pscript5.dll (21982.1 kb/s) (average 20378.2
kb/s)
Running command: smbclient //localhost/print$ -N -A /tmp/04a024e104f8e -c put /usr/share/cups/drivers/
cups6.ini W32X86/cups6.ini;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/cupsps6.dll W32X86/cupsps6.dll;put /usr/share/
cups/drivers/cupsui6.dll W32X86/cupsui6.dll
Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6]
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/cups6.ini as \W32X86/cups6.ini (14.1 kb/s) (average 14.1 kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/cupsps6.dll as \W32X86/cupsps6.dll (3068.3 kb/s) (average 1371.5
kb/s)
putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/cupsui6.dll as \W32X86/cupsui6.dll (2670.3 kb/s) (average 1835.4
kb/s)
Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -A /tmp/04a024e104f8e -c adddriver Windows NT x86 HP845c:pscript5.
dll:HP845c.ppd:ps5ui.dll:pscript.hlp:NULL:RAW:pscript5.dll,HP845c.ppd,ps5ui.dll,pscript.hlp,pscript.
ntf,cups6.ini,cupsps6.dll,cupsui6.dll
Printer Driver HP845c successfully installed.
Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -A /tmp/04a024e104f8e -c setdriver HP845c HP845c
Successfully set HP845c to driver HP845c.
So when browsing from a Windows machine you should see

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Now by double click the printer, the driver will automatically installed. If the driver cant be found, such as if your
machine is running Windows 7, windows will ask you for the driver, so you can point where the driver is or you
can put it in an SMB share and navigate to there and install the printer.

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5.7 Network File System (NFS).
To configure NFS you need to edit /etc/exports and add your shares, for instance:
/var/smb/samba/ *(rw,async,all_squash,no_subtree_check)
/var/smb/movies/ *(rw,async,all_squash,no_subtree_check)
/var/spool/hylafax/recvq/ faxmachine(async,all_squash,no_subtree_check)
By typing man exports you get the manual page for exports, that tells you what options you should use for
exports. The asterisk tells to allow all workstations, a quick legend for our example
rw Allow both read and write requests on this NFS volume.
async This option allows the NFS server to violate the NFS protocol and reply to
requests before any changes made by that request have been committed to stable
storage (e.g. disc drive).
no_subtree_check
This option disables subtree checking, which has mild security implications, but
can improve reliability in some circumstances.
If a subdirectory of a filesystem is exported, but the whole filesystem isnt then
whenever a NFS request arrives, the server must check not only that the accessed
file is in the appropriate filesystem (which is easy) but also that it is in the
exported tree (which is harder). This check is called the subtree_check.
all_squash Map all uids and gids to the anonymous user.
To start NFS you need to make executable /etc/rc.d/rc.nfsd and /etc/rc.d/rc.rpc and start them.
root@sms:~# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/{rc.rpc,rc.nfsd}
root@sms:~# /etc/rc.d/rc.rpc start
Starting RPC portmapper: /sbin/rpc.portmap
Starting RPC NSM (Network Status Monitor): /sbin/rpc.statd
root@sms:~# /etc/rc.d/rc.nfsd start
Starting NFS server daemons:
/usr/sbin/exportfs -r
/usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd 8
/usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
You can also export a directory directly from the command line on the server by using the exportfs command as
follows:
exportfs -o rw,no_root_squash *:/var/smb/samba
And you can get you exports info by typing exportfs
root@sms:~# exportfs
/var/smb/samba <world>
/var/smb/movies

<world>
/var/spool/hylafax/recvq

<world>
Tip: You can use webmin to config NFS at Webmin ->Networking -> NFS Exports.

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5.8 DNS setup with BIND (Webmin).
There is a good wiki available at
http://doxfer.webmin.com/Webmin/BINDDNSServer#Introduction_to_the_Domain_Name
We are going to cover the basics with few words.
5.8.1 Creating a new master zone
A master zone is one for which your DNS server is the authoritative source of information. A single zone may be
hosted by multiple servers, but only one is the master - all the rest are slaves. If you want to add a new master zone
to your servers configuration, the steps to follow are :
1. Decide on a name for the new zone, such as example.com or internal. If this is going to be Internet domain that
will be visible to other everyone in the world, the domain name must not have been registered by anyone else yet.
However, you cannot normally register it yourself until your DNS server has been set up to host it.
2. On the modules main page, click on the Create a new master zone link below the table of existing zones. This
will take you to the page shown in the image below for entering the details of the new zone.
3. If this is to be a forward zone like example.com or foo.com.au, leave the Zone type field set to Forward.
However, if it is a reverse zone for looking up hostnames from IP addresses, set the field to Reverse.
4. In the Domain name / Network field, enter the name of the zone without any trailing dot. For a reverse zone,
just enter the network address like 192.168.1. Webmin will automatically convert this to the in-addr.arpa format
for you when the domain is created.
5. The Records file field controls where the configuration file containing the zones records is stored. If you leave
it set to Automatic, the filename will be determined automatically based on the modules configuration and the
directory setting in the named.conf file. This is usually the best option, as it will result in the records file being
created in the same directory as any existing zones, such as /var/named. However, if you de-select the Automatic
option and enter a filename instead, all records for the zone will be written to that file. If you enter the name of an
existing file, it will be overwritten when the domain is created.
6. In the Master server field, enter the full domain name of the master DNS server for this zone. This must be
the canonical name of your system, such as server.example.com, not a short name like server. This server (and the
values from the next
7. fields) are used to create the new zones SOA record.
8. In the Email address field, enter the address of the person responsible for this zone. You can use the @ symbol
in the address, which Webmin will automatically convert to a dot for inclusion in the SOA record.
9. The Refresh time field determines how often secondary servers should check with this master server for updates
to the zone. The default is reasonable, but you may want to increase it for zones that rarely change, or decrease it
for those that are frequently updated.
10. The Transfer retry time field determines how long a secondary server should wait after a failed zone transfer
before trying again.
11. The Expiry time field controls the maximum amount of time that a secondary DNS server for the zone should
cache records for before re-transferring them from the master.
12. The Default time-to-live field determines the TTL of records in the zone that do not have one set explicitly.
13. Click the Create button at the bottom of the page. As long as the form has been filled in correctly and the zone
does not already exist on your server, you will be taken to a page for adding new records to the zone.
14. Return to the modules main page which will now include an icon for your new zone, and click the Apply
Changes button at the bottom to activate it.

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Once you press create you will see something like

5.8.2 Record Types.

Address (A): An Address records associates an IP address with a hostname. Any system that you want to be
able to connect to via HTTP, telnet or some other protocol using its hostname must have an address record so
that clients can look up its IP
Name Sever (NS): Records of this type defines a name server that is responsible for a zone. Every zone
must have at least one Name Server record for itself, and may have additional records that specify the DNS
servers responsible for subdomains.
Name Alias (CNAME): This type of record creates an additional name for an existing Address or Reverse
Address record.
Mail Server (MX): Mail Server records tell mail delivery programs like Sendmail and Postfix, which
system to contact when delivering mail to a domain or host.
Host Information (HINFO): Records of this type are used to record information about the hardware and
operating system of a particular host.
Text (TXT): A Text record associates an arbitrary message of some kind with a name.
Well Known Service (WKS): A record of this type associates a hostname, port and protocol with a name.
Responsible Person (PR): This type of record is used for specifying the person or group responsible for a
particular host.
Location (LOC): Location records are used to specify the physical location in latitude and longitude of a
host.
Service Address (SRV): Records of this type are used to associate a domain name, service name and
protocol with a particular host.
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5.8.3 Adding Records
MX record must have an A record. Every time you press Apply Configuration always look at /var/log/syslog for
BIND errors. If there is an error in your zone, it will not load.

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And taking a look to our config you will see:
root@sms:~# cat /var/named/sms.localdomain.hosts
$ttl 38400
sms.localdomain. IN SOA server.sms.localdomain. root.sms.localdomain. (
1309543705
10800
3600
604800
38400 )
sms.localdomain. IN NS server.sms.localdomain.
ns.sms.localdomain. IN A 192.168.254.81
sms.localdomain. IN NS ns2.sms.localdomain.
workstation.sms.localdomain. IN A 192.168.254.122
server.sms.localdomain. IN A
192.168.254.81
www.sms.localdomain.
IN
CNAME sms.localdomain.
ftp.sms.localdomain.
IN
CNAME sms.localdomain.
mail.sms.localdomain. IN A 192.168.254.12
server.sms.localdomain IN A 192.168.254.81
ns2.sms.localdomain. IN A 192.168.254.81
sms.localdomain. IN MX 10 mail.sms.localdomain.
To test if everything its working open a terminal and type dig sms.localdomain or dig sms.localdomain mxv

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5.8.4 DHCP Server (Webmin).
Now that you setup DNS, you need a DHCP server. Webmin has friendly interface for that at

Webmin -> Servers -> DHCP Server
Click on Add new subnet and enter subnet, netmask and DHCP range for leases. You can change lease time if you
want, default is 1 day (1440), the values must be in seconds. When you done press Save

You can add additional options, by pressing Edit Client Options. When you done return to subnet list and start
server.

And this is, how your config (/etc/dhcpd.conf) looks.

# sms.localdomain
subnet 192.168.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option domain-name sms.localdomain;
range 192.168.254.101 192.168.254.199;
option routers 192.168.254.254;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.254.81;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
}

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5.9 DNS setup with DNSMasq.
Although BIND is a powerfull DNS server, sometimes, requires high skills, making it quite a pain to a beginner.
This is where dnsmasq comes, to save the day. Dnsmasq is a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder, DHCP
and TFTP server. It is designed to provide DNS and, optionally, DHCP and TFTP to a small network. Dnsmasq
has an outdated webmin module at http://home.pacific.net.au/~magnecor/modules.html if someone wants to try
it, hopefully SMS might include it, in feature builds.
5.9.1 Configuration.
Configuration of dnsmasq lies in /etc/dnsmasq.conf. Configuration file is well commented so take a look at it.
First thing is to configure the interface that our DNS will listen to, for instance, if your server is also an internet
router, you might dont want to have a DNS server on your external interface. If you dont configure any interface,
dnsmasq will listen to all available interfaces. If you want multiple interfaces just repeat the line.
interface=eth0
interface=wlan0
If you want to exclude one interface only use
except-interface=eth1
To configure the DHCP range of leases to clients enter the values for interface (optional), IP range, netmask and
lease time separated by comma.
dhcp-range=192.168.254.101,192.168.254.199,255.255.255.0,24h
or if you have multiple networks
dhcp-range=eth0,192.168.254.101,192.168.254.199,255.255.255.0,24h
dhcp-range=wlan0,192.168.1.101,192.168.1.199,255.255.255.0,6h
If you want dnsmasq to provide only DNS service on an interface, then use the following line to disable DHCP on
it.
no-dhcp-interface=eth2
You can pass additional dhcp options like specify router, ntp server e.t.c
dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.254.254
dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.4,10.10.0.5
To test configuration you can run dnsmasq --test.
root@sms:~# dnsmasq --test
dnsmasq: syntax check OK.
5.9.2 Start/Stop dnsmasq.
The start up script of DNSMasq located at /etc/rc.d/rc.dnsmasq, and if its executable, SMS will start it
automatically upon boot. Dont forget though to disable BIND since you cant have two dns servers binding on the
same address:port. To start/stop dnsmasq do:
/etc/rc.d/rc.dnsmasq start
5.9.3 One line execute.
You can also start dnsmasq manually , overriding the configuration file, passing all the options in one line
command, like:
dnsmasq --interface=eth0 --dhcp-range=eth0,192.168.254.101,192.168.254,24h --logdhcp
--dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.254.254 --keep-in-foreground
Tip: dnsmasq although its light and easy to configure is a powerful DNS server, so you should look at its
documentation, for mastering its power.

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5.10 Netatalk (AFP).
Netatalk is a freely-available Open Source AFP fileserver. It also provides a kernel level implementation of the
AppleTalk Protocol Suite. A *NIX/*BSD system running Netatalk is capable of serving many Macintosh clients
simultaneously as an AppleShare file server (AFP), AppleTalk router, *NIX/*BSD print server, and for accessing
AppleTalk printers via Printer Access Protocol (PAP).
By default AFP in SMS is disabled, which means the start up script (/etc/rc.d/rc.atalk) is not executable. To make
it executable use chmod.
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.atalk
Configuration files are well commented. and the files you mostly need to change are
/etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
/etc/netatalk/afpd.conf
Default share in SMS are /var/afp/shares but you can change that in /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
just enter <path> <name of share> <options>

/var/afp/shares AFP @ SMS (a simple guest volume)

/var/afp/shares AFP @ SMS allow:user cnidsceme:cdb options:usedots,upriv (an advance user volume)
By passing the option tm enables TimeMachine support for shared volume.

var/afp/shares AFP @ SMS allow:user cnidsceme:cdb options:usedots,upriv,tm
If you want to share home directories add a tilde , like

~
To change afp daemon options, edit /etc/netatalk/afpd.conf accordingly e.g.

Guest Volume -uamlist uams_guest.so -loginmesg Welcome guest! (a guest volume)

User Volume -uamlist uams_clrtxt.so -port 12000 ( a user volume listen on TCP port 12000)
SMS by default load guest and user libraries so can use it as is, or remove guest libraries.

- -transall -uamlist uams_guest.so,uams_clrtxt.so,uams_dhx.so,uams_dhx2.so -nosavepassword
To start/stop netatalk use the start up script provided.
/etc/rc.d/rc.atalk start
5.10.1 Webmin module.
To configure AFP you can use Webmin, although its module its a bit confusing.
To access netatalk module navigate at
Webmin -> Servers -> Netatalk Apple File/Print Services.

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To create a share click on Create New File Share or edit existing. You will notice that tm (TimeMachine) is
missing, you can add it manually, by editing /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default.

To configure afpd through webmin just click on button Servers, and either create or edit one.

5.10.2 Installing Avahi daemons.

Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery on a
local network via the mDNS/DNS-SD protocol suite. This enables you to plug your laptop or computer into a
network and instantly be able to view other people who you can chat with, find printers to print to or find files
being shared. Compatible technology is found in Apple MacOS X (branded Bonjour and sometimes Zeroconf).
Avahi is available as an extra package and you will found it in SMS.Native.CD-Extra.iso, under
/extra/packages/avahi. To install download packages, or mount iso and use installpkg to install them.
You can additionally use slapt-get to install them automatically by typing:

slapt-get -i avahi imlib2 libdaemon nss-mdns
To start avahi daemons start the startup scripts in /etc/rc.d/

/etc/rc.d/rc.avahidaemon start

/etc/rc.d/rc.avahidnsconfd start
You can place an entry of the above in /etc/rc.d/rc.local to automatically start at boot.
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To enable a service rename service.tmpl to service and vice-versa to disable it e.g. rename

/etc/avahi/services/afp.service.tmpl to /etc/avahi/services/afp.service
afp.service its an xml document and looks like
<?xml version=1.0 standalone=no?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM avahi-service.dtd>
<service-group>
<name replace-wildcards=yes>%h</name>
<service>
<type>_afpovertcp._tcp</type>
<port>548</port>
</service>
<service>
<type>_device-info._tcp</type>
<port>0</port>
<txt-record>model=Xserve</txt-record>
</service>
</service-group>
By default SMS looks like an Xserve,
but you can change the icon by simple altering

<txt-record>model=Xserve</txt-record>
for instance you can put instead of Xserve
PowerBook
PowerMac
Macmini
iMac
MacBook
MacBookPro
MacBookAir
MacPro
AppleTV1,1
AirPort
and you can specify even the model e.g. iMac3,1 is not the same as iMac7,1 and so on.
SMS services for avahi are

afp.service.tmpl
cups.service.tmpl
http.service
nfs.service.tmpl
rfb.service.tmpl
smb.service
By default http and smb service are enable, but since you are using AFP its proper to disable smb.

Tip: If you enable vnc in SMS and enable rfb.service

you will get the Share Screen button option on your Macs.

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5.11 Managing Users (Webmin).
We already know how to add a user with adduser script, lets see how to create a user through Webmin. To
manage users and groups in webmin, navigate to Webmin -> System -> Users and Groups, and you will see all
users and groups your system has. To create a user click on Create a new user and fill the appropriate fields like
username, real name and password. UID, home directory, and shell, you can leave them as default, unless you
want your user to dont have a shell (no login), or you want a home directory other than /home , or not having a
directory at all. In the password field, choose Normal Password, and webmin will encrypt it for you.
When you finish press Create to create your user.

To delete a user, select one or more users and press Delete Selected Users.
To edit a user just click on a user and edit its fields, like password UID e.t.c. You can also change passwords for
users at Webmin -> System -> Change Passwords, by clicking on a user and setting a new password.

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5.12 Fax server.
SMS comes with hylafax configured in ttyS0 (serial port 1), but you can change or add more modems.
To configure hylafax the proper way is to run faxsetup. You will get a lot of output and series of questions that
you can pass, by pressing enter to the default options.
Next you need to run faxaddmodem to add your modems. You need to stop hylafax server before running
faxaddmodem though. So do a
/etc/rc.d/rc.hylafax stop
and run faxaddmodem, after you supply serial port you need to answer a few questions about your fax line
details like, country code, telephone number e.t.c.
Tip: add 655 and above permissions to receive mode so avantfax be able to grap the messages
root@sms:~# faxaddmodem
Serial port that modem is connected to []? ttyS0
Ok, time to setup a configuration file for the modem. The manual
page config(5F) may be useful during this process. Also be aware
that at any time you can safely interrupt this procedure.
Reading scheduler config file /var/spool/hylafax/etc/config.
No existing configuration, lets do this from scratch.
Country code [0030]?
....
when you finish run
faxmodem ttyS0
to initiate the sending, and
/etc/rc.d/rc.hylafax start
to start the faxserver, and by typing faxstat you should see:
HylaFAX scheduler on sms.org: Running
Modem ttyS0 (<your number>): idle
If you dont see the above try to reboot so changes will take affect or try
/usr/sbin/faxgetty /dev/ttyS0
By now your hylafax server its ready to receive and send faxes. To add users use the faxadduser command.
root@sms:~# faxadduser angel
5.12.1 AvantFax.
To install avantfax manual with installpkg, or use slapt-get -i avantfax. The install script will do the rest for
you. You will be asked for mysqls root password, if you did not add a password just press enter or if you have a
password enter it at the prompt.
Avantfax database has default settings
user:avantfax
pass:d58fe49
After installation completes go to http:/[yourserver]/avantfax/ and login.

username: admin

password: password

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After you choose you password go to admin panel (http://[yourserver]/avantfax/admin/admin.php)
and choose from scroll down menu Configure -> modems, and set

device: ttyS0 (notice we add it without /dev/ttyS0 and mind the caps)

alias: your alias

contact: your email ( mail should be registered in users config to be accepted)
well thats was it, you are now ready to start enjoy your fax server...

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