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Suspension Ba

This document provides an overview of vehicle suspension systems. Suspension systems connect a vehicle to its wheels and allow relative motion between the two, serving to contribute to road handling while keeping passengers comfortable by isolating them from bumps and vibrations. The first modern suspension system used leaf springs, which remained common until advances in metallurgy allowed for coil springs. Early automobiles were adapted from horse-drawn carriages, which used leather strap suspensions that were unsuitable for higher vehicle speeds.

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87 views6 pages

Suspension Ba

This document provides an overview of vehicle suspension systems. Suspension systems connect a vehicle to its wheels and allow relative motion between the two, serving to contribute to road handling while keeping passengers comfortable by isolating them from bumps and vibrations. The first modern suspension system used leaf springs, which remained common until advances in metallurgy allowed for coil springs. Early automobiles were adapted from horse-drawn carriages, which used leather strap suspensions that were unsuitable for higher vehicle speeds.

Uploaded by

manuel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Suspension (vehicle)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


This article is about motor vehicle components. For information about temporary loss of vehicle
driving privileges, see Suspension (license). For other uses, see Suspension (disambiguation).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please


helpimprove this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010)(Learn
how and when to remove this template message)
This article is primarily about four-wheeled (or more) vehicle suspension. For information on
two-wheeled vehicles' suspensions see the motorcycle suspension, motorcycle fork, bicycle
suspension, and bicycle fork articles.

The front suspension components of a Ford Model T.

The rear suspension on a truck: aleaf spring.

Part of car front suspension and steeringmechanism: tie rod, steering arm,
king pin axis (using ball joints).

Van Diemen RF01 Racing Car Suspension.


Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects
a vehicle to its wheelsand allows relative motion between the two.[1] Suspension systems serve
a dual purpose contributing to the vehicle's roadholding/handling and braking for good active
safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and a ride
quality reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, vibrations,etc.[2] These goals are
generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. It is
important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as
possible, because all the road or ground forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact
patches of the tires. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage
from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.

Contents
[hide]

1History

2Difference between rear suspension and front suspension


o

2.1History
3Spring, wheel, and roll rates

3.1Spring rate

3.1.1Mathematics of the spring rate

3.2Wheel rate

3.3Roll rate

3.4Roll couple percentage

4Weight transfer
o

4.1Unsprung weight transfer

4.2Sprung weight transfer

4.3Jacking forces

5Other properties
o

5.1Travel

5.2Damping

5.3Camber control

5.4Roll center height

5.5Instant center

6Variations in suspension design


o

6.1Anti-dive and anti-squat

6.2Flexibility and vibration modes of the suspension elements

6.3Load levelling

6.4Isolation from high frequency shock

6.5Contribution to unsprung weight and total weight

6.6Space occupied

6.7Force distribution

6.8Air resistance (drag)

6.9Cost

7Springs and dampers


7.1Passive suspensions

7.1.1Springs

7.1.2Dampers or shock absorbers

7.2Semi-active and active suspensions

7.3Interconnected suspensions

8Suspension geometry
o

8.1Dependent suspensions

8.2Independent suspensions

8.3Semi-independent suspension

9Tilting Suspension System

10Rocker bogie mechanism

11Tracked vehicles

12Armoured fighting vehicle suspension

13See also

14References

15External links

History[edit]

Strap suspension 1605

Strap suspension 2008


note the transverse limiting straps
An early form of suspension on ox-drawn carts had the platform swing on iron chains attached to
the wheeled frame of the carriage. This system remained the basis for all suspension systems
until the turn of the 19th century, although the iron chains were replaced with the use of leather
straps by the 17th century. No modern automobiles use the 'strap suspension' system.
Automobiles were initially developed as self-propelled versions of horse-drawn vehicles.
However, horse-drawn vehicles had been designed for relatively slow speeds, and their
suspension was not well suited to the higher speeds permitted by the internal combustion
engine.
The first workable spring-suspension required advanced metallurgical knowledge and skill, and
only became possible with the advent of industrialisation. Obadiah Elliott registered the first
patent for a spring-suspension vehicle; - each wheel had two durable steel leaf springs on each
side and the body of the carriage was fixed directly to the springs attached to the axles. Within a
decade, most British horse carriages were equipped with springs; wooden springs in the case of
light one-horse vehicles to avoid taxation, and steel springs in larger vehicles. These were often
made of low-carbon steel and usually took the form of multiple layerleaf springs.[3]
Leaf springs have been around since the early Egyptians. Ancient military engineers used leaf
springs in the form of bows to power their siege engines, with little success at first. The use of
leaf springs in catapults was later refined and made to work years later. Springs were not only
made of metal, a sturdy tree branch could be used as a spring, such as with a bow. Horse-drawn
carriages and the Ford Model Tused this system, and it is still used today in larger vehicles,
mainly mounted in the rear suspension.[4]
This was the first modern suspension system and, along with advances in the construction of
roads, heralded the single greatest improvement in road transport until the advent of
the automobile.[5] The British steel springs were not well suited for use on America's rough roads
of the time, so the Abbot Downing Company of Concord, New Hampshire re-introduced leather

strap suspension, which gave a swinging motion instead of the jolting up and down of a spring
suspension.

Henri Fournier on his uniquely damped and racewinning 'Mors Machine',


photo taken 1902
In 1901 Mors of Paris first fitted an automobile with shock absorbers. With the advantage of a
dam

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