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Electronic Design Automation

An ASIP is an application specific instruction-set processor designed for a particular class of applications to provide better performance, power, and size than a general purpose processor at the cost of longer design time and requiring a custom compiler. A DSP is optimized for repetitive numeric tasks like matrix operations and filtering and can perform millions of MAC operations per second but is not optimized for control tasks. DSP-based systems integrate with slower MCUs either discretely or using a convergent processor optimized for both computation and control.

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Karthic Shunmugaraj
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28 views

Electronic Design Automation

An ASIP is an application specific instruction-set processor designed for a particular class of applications to provide better performance, power, and size than a general purpose processor at the cost of longer design time and requiring a custom compiler. A DSP is optimized for repetitive numeric tasks like matrix operations and filtering and can perform millions of MAC operations per second but is not optimized for control tasks. DSP-based systems integrate with slower MCUs either discretely or using a convergent processor optimized for both computation and control.

Uploaded by

Karthic Shunmugaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP)

An ASIP is designed for a particular class of applications with common characteristics it's an 'intermediate' solution
between a general-purpose and a single-purpose processor and gives more flexibility than a single purpose processor
and still better performance, power, size than a general purpose processor. Of course this leads to a longer design time
(cost) and there's also a compiler problem, you will have to create your compiler usually yourself.
example:Digital signal processor (DSP)
A DSP is optimized to efficiently perform repetitive and numerically intensive tasks such as matrix operations,
convolution for filtering in real-time, because of the performance limitations of the MCUs. DSPs can run at very high
clock rates, and they are often compared in terms of how many millions of MAC operations they can perform per
second. This metric is known as "mega MACS," or MMACS.
A DSP is optimized to do mathematical operations, but not for supervisory control. Thus, DSP-based systems are
integrated with the slower MCUs, this can be done in 2 ways:
Discrete DSP + MCU (separate in the system)
Advantages:
design of DSP and MCU separate from each other
Disadvantages:
hard partitioning between control and DSP function, if there are too many instructions for the DSP, the MCU can't take
over
the DSP and MCU require different development tools
Convergent Processor [2](a convergent processor is optimized both for computation on real-time data flows, and for
control-oriented tasks)
Advantages:
optimised for computation on real-time data flows as well as for control-oriented tasks
high clock rates
lower power dissipation
Disadvantages:
mixing a control application with signal processing on the same device, non-real-time tasks may interfere with timecritical tasks
the skills of developers must be higher.

ASIC

An application-specific integrated circuit, or ASIC /esk/, is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather
than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder is an ASIC. Applicationspecific standard products (ASSPs) are intermediate between ASICs and industry standard integrated circuits like the 7400 or
the 4000 series.
As feature sizes have shrunk and design tools improved over the years, the maximum complexity (and hence functionality)
possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 gates to over 100 million. Modern ASICs often include
entire microprocessors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, Flashand other large building blocks. Such an ASIC is
often termed a SoC (system-on-chip). Designers of digital ASICs use a hardware description language(HDL), such
as Verilog or VHDL, to describe the functionality of ASICs.
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are the modern-day technology for building a breadboard or prototype from standard
parts; programmable logic blocks and programmable interconnects allow the same FPGA to be used in many different
applications. For smaller designs and/or lower production volumes, FPGAs may be more cost effective than an ASIC design
even in production. The non-recurring engineering (NRE) cost of an ASIC can run into the millions of dollars.

Electronic design automation


(EDA or ECAD) is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as printed circuit boards and integrated
circuits. The tools work together in a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire semiconductor chips.

Practically speaking the THRESHOLD VOLTAGE is the voltage at which there are sufficient electrons in the inversion layer to
make a low resistance conducting path between the MOSFET source and drain.

body effect in cmos


In general multiple MOS devices are made on a common substrate. As a result, the substrate voltage of all
devices is normally equal. However while connecting the devices serially this may result in an increase in
source-to-substrate voltage as we proceed vertically along the series chain (Vsb1=0, Vsb2 0).Which results
Vth2>Vth1.

In signal processing, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of adynamic system is its output when
presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse. More generally, an impulse response refers to the reaction of any
dynamic system in response to some external change. In both cases, the impulse response describes the reaction of the
system as a function of time (or possibly as a function of some other independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic
behavior of the system).

Punch through
Punch through in a MOSFET is an extreme case of channel length modulation where the depletion layers
around the drain and source regions merge into a single depletion region. The field underneath the gate then
becomes strongly dependent on the drain-source voltage, as is the drain current. Punch through causes a
rapidly increasing current with increasing drain-source voltage. This effect is undesirable as it increases the
output conductance and limits the maximum operating voltage of the device.

A BJT is a current controlled device because its output characteristics are determined by
the input current.
A FET is voltage controlled device because its output characteristics are determined by
the Field which depends on Voltage applied

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