Symfony2 for Beginners

Symfony2 for Beginners

Julius Beckmann - @h4cc

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Hi, my name is

Julius Beckmann
and i work at

Symfony2 for Beginners

Julius Beckmann - @h4cc

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 and i do:

PHP, Symfony2
Erlang, Elixir
NodeJS
DevOps + Continuous Everything!
(github|twitter).com/h4cc

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Agenda

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Agenda 1/2

What is Symfony?

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Agenda 1/2

What is Symfony?

Howto
Install
Develop
Deploy

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Agenda 2/2
Plain PHP to Symfony

Starting Point
Dispatching
Routing
Symfony HTTP Foundation
Symfony HTTP Kernel
Symfony Routing
Symfony Controller

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Agenda 2/2
Plain PHP to Symfony

Starting Point
Dispatching
Routing
Symfony HTTP Foundation
Symfony HTTP Kernel
Symfony Routing
Symfony Controller

Extending Symfony Kernel

Kernel Events
Request/Response Flow
(Subrequests)

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What is Symfony?

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What is Symfony?

Abstract:
PHP Web Application Framework
At least PHP 5.3.3
By Fabien Potencier (fabpot)

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What is Symfony?

Abstract:
PHP Web Application Framework
At least PHP 5.3.3
By Fabien Potencier (fabpot)

Versions:
v1 since 2005 (legacy)
v2 since 2011
v3 in November 2015

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Patterns:

Framework Components
Modular design (Bundles)
Dependency Injection
Event Dispatcher

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Patterns:

Framework Components
Modular design (Bundles)
Dependency Injection
Event Dispatcher

Used by:

Drupal 8
eZPublish 5
Contao 4
phpBB 3

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Installing Symfony

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Symfony Installer
A tool for bootstrapping new Symfony projects.

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Symfony Installer
A tool for bootstrapping new Symfony projects.
.
Installing the installer
.
curl -LsS http://symfony.com/installer -o symfony.phar
chmod a+x symfony.phar
.

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Symfony Installer
A tool for bootstrapping new Symfony projects.
.
Installing the installer
.
curl -LsS http://symfony.com/installer -o symfony.phar
chmod a+x symfony.phar
.
.
Using the installer
.
php symfony.phar new blog
php symfony.phar new blog 2.3
php symfony.phar new blog 2.5.2
.

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Composer
Manual way of bootstrapping symfony projects.
php composer.phar create-project \
symfony/framework-standard-edition \
blog "2.3.*"

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Composer
Manual way of bootstrapping symfony projects.
php composer.phar create-project \
symfony/framework-standard-edition \
blog "2.3.*"
This will do:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

git clone https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard blog

cd blog
git checkout v2.3.X
rm -rf .git
composer install

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Development

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Development
.
Using the PHP >=5.4 internal Webserver
.
php app/console server:run
# or
php -S 127.0.0.1:8080 -t web/
.

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Development
.
Using the PHP >=5.4 internal Webserver
.
php app/console server:run
# or
php -S 127.0.0.1:8080 -t web/
.
.
Frontend Tools
.
php app/console assets:install
php app/console assetic:dump
Grunt, Gulp, Brunch
.

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Deployment

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Deployment
Poor-Man example:
.
Initial
.
git clone [email protected]:your/project.git /var/www
cd /var/www
# ensure correct permissions on app/cache and app/logs
.

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Deployment
Poor-Man example:
.
Initial
.
git clone [email protected]:your/project.git /var/www
cd /var/www
# ensure correct permissions on app/cache and app/logs
.
.
Deploy
.
git pull
rm -f web/app_*.php
composer install
php app/console cache:clear --env=prod
# ... more needed commands like "doctrine"
Tools: Capifony, Ansible, SaltStack, Puppet, Chef.
.Automation with: Jenkins.
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From plain PHP to Symfony

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Starting point

GET /post.php?id=1
<?php // post.php
$postId = (int)$_GET['id'];
$posts = array(1 => 'My first post');
if(!isset($posts[$postId])) {
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
die('Post not found');
}
$post = $posts[$postId];
echo '<h1>Post #', $postId, '</h1>
<p>', $post, '</p>';
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Webserver Rewrites

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Using rewrites

GET /post/1
.
.htaccess Conguration
.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule
^post/([0-9]+)$ post.php?id=$1
.

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Using rewrites

GET /post/1
.
.htaccess Conguration
.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule
^post/([0-9]+)$ post.php?id=$1
.
.
Problems
.
Depends on Webserver
Static conguration
Outside of Application
.

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Dispatcher and Routing

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Using dispatcher
.
.htaccess Conguration
.
RewriteEngine On
.RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php [QSA]

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Using dispatcher
.
.htaccess Conguration
.
RewriteEngine On
.RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php [QSA]
.
index.php with Routing
.
<?php // index.php
$path = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];
// Routing
if(preg_match("@^/post/(?P<id>[0-9]+)@", $path, $m)){
$_GET['id'] = $m['id'];
require('controller/post.php');
}else{
require('controller/index.php');
}
.
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Symfony HTTP Foundation

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Symfony HTTP Foundation

1.

Using HTTP as a Interface

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Symfony HTTP Foundation

1.

Using HTTP as a Interface

2.

Hiding PHP-ServerAPI
$_GET, $_POST, $_SERVER, echo(), header(), die()

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Symfony HTTP Foundation

1.

Using HTTP as a Interface

2.

Hiding PHP-ServerAPI
$_GET, $_POST, $_SERVER, echo(), header(), die()

3.

Providing Request/Response Objects

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Symfony Request Class

<?php
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
$_GET['foo'] = 42;
$_POST['bar'] = 1337;
$request = Request::createFromGlobals();
$request->query->get('foo'); // from _GET
$request->request->get('bar'); // from _POST
$request->get('foo'); // from any source.
Encapsulates $_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE, $_FILES and $_SERVER
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Symfony Response Class

<?php
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
return new Response('Hello World', 200);

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Symfony Response Class

<?php
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
return new Response('Hello World', 200);

Capsules response content, status and headers.

Some Helper:

JsonResponse(array('answer' => 42))

RedirectResponse('http://example.com/', 302)
StreamedResponse(function() {...})
BinaryFileResponse('images/42.jpg')

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Benets

1.

Reproducible Testable

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Benets

1.

Reproducible Testable

2.

Common Interface Reuseable

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Symfony HTTP Kernel

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Http Kernel Interface

<?php
interface Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface {
const MASTER_REQUEST = 1; // External request (from browser).
const SUB_REQUEST = 2;
// Internal request.
/** @return Response */
public function handle(Request $request, $type=1, $catch=true);
}

A HttpKernel has to transform Request to Response.

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HTTP Kernel
<?php // index.php
class ExampleKernel implements HttpKernelInterface {
public function handle(Request $req) {
// Step 1: Routing
$controller = $this->routeRequestToController($req);
// Step 2: ?
$response = $this->callRequestOnController($controller, $req);
// PROFIT!!!
return $response;
}
// ...
}
$kernel = new ExampleKernel();
$response = $kernel->handle(Request::createFromGlobals());
$response->send();
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Symfony Routing

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Symfony Routing
.
Goal
.
Find Controller and Action for given Request.
.

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Symfony Routing
.
Goal
.
Find Controller and Action for given Request.
.
.
Example Blog Post Route
.
# app/config/routing.yml
blog_post_show:
# Name of route
path: /post/{id}
# Pattern with placeholders
defaults:
_controller: BlogBundle:Post:show
requirements:
id: \d+
# Regex possible
_method: GET
# Ensure used method
.
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Symfony Routing - Generate URLs

.

From PHP using router

.
<?php
$router = $this->get('router');
$path = $router->generate('blog_post_show', ['id' => 42]);
$url = $router->generate('blog_post_show', ['id' => 42], true);
.

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Symfony Routing - Generate URLs

.

From PHP using router

.
<?php
$router = $this->get('router');
$path = $router->generate('blog_post_show', ['id' => 42]);
$url = $router->generate('blog_post_show', ['id' => 42], true);
.
.

From Twig using helper

.
<a href="{{ path('blog_post_show', {'id': 42}) }}">
Relative URL
</a>
<a href="{{ url('blog_post_show', {'id': 42}) }}">
Absolute URL
</a>
.
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Symfony Routing - Tipps

.
Routing to static page
.
imprint:
path: /imprint
defaults:
_controller: FrameworkBundle:Template:template
template:
static/imprint.html.twig
.

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Symfony Routing - Tipps

.
Routing to static page
.
imprint:
path: /imprint
defaults:
_controller: FrameworkBundle:Template:template
template:
static/imprint.html.twig
.
.
Routing to static redirect
.
admin_shortcut:
path: /admin
defaults:
_controller: FrameworkBundle:Redirect:urlRedirect
path:
/backend/administration/login
permanent:
false
.
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Symfony Controller

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Symfony Controller

Request Controller Response

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Symfony Controller

Request Controller Response

<?php
class HelloController {
public function worldAction(Request $request) {
// Translate Request to application logic here ...
$content = 'Hello '.$request->get('name', 'World');
// ... and create Response for result.
return new Response($content, 200);
}
}
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post.php as Symfony Controller

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PostController
<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
class PostController extends Controller {
public function showAction(Request $request) {
$id = $request->get('id');
$post = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('BlogBundle:Post')
->find($id);
if(!$post) {
// Using exceptions here.
throw $this->createNotFoundException('Post not found');
}
return new Response('<h1>Post #'. $post->getId(). '</h1>
<p>'. $post->getContent(). '</p>', 200);
}
}
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Parameter injection

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Parameter injection
<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
class PostController extends Controller {
public function showAction($id) { // <-- Parameter from route
$post = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('BlogBundle:Post')
->find($id);
if(!$post) {
throw $this->createNotFoundException('Post not found');
}
return new Response('<h1>Post #'. $post->getId(). '</h1>
<p>'. $post->getContent(). '</p>', 200);
}
}

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Templating

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Templating
<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
class PostController extends Controller {
public function showAction($id) {
$post = $this->getDoctrine()
->getRepository('BlogBundle:Post')
->find($id);
if(!$post) {
throw $this->createNotFoundException('Post not found');
}
// Using template system
return $this->render('post/show.html.twig',

['post' => $post]);

}
}

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ParamConverter Annotation

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ParamConverter Annotation

<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\ParamConverter;
class PostController extends Controller {
/**
* @ParamConverter()
*/
public function showAction(Post $post) { // Post from DB or 404
return $this->render('post/show.html.twig',

['post' => $post]);

}
}

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Template Annotation

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Template Annotation

<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\ParamConverter;
class PostController extends Controller {
/**
* @ParamConverter()
* @Template("post/show.html.twig")
*/
public function showAction(Post $post) {
return ['post' => $post];
}
}

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Template Annotation

<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\ParamConverter;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
class PostController extends Controller {
/**
* @ParamConverter()
* @Template("post/show.html.twig", vars={"post"})
*/
public function showAction(Post $post) {}
}

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Route Annotation

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Route Annotation

<?php // src/BlogBundle/Controller/PostController.php
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\ParamConverter;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
class PostController extends Controller {
/**
* @Route("/show/{id}", requirements={"id"="\d+", "_method"="GET"})
* @ParamConverter()
* @Template(vars={"post"})
*/
public function showAction(Post $post) {}
}

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Extending the Symfony Kernel

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Kernel Events
Symfony is using Events to process Requests.

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Kernel Events
Symfony is using Events to process Requests.
.
Every Request
.
kernel.request
kernel.controller
kernel.response
.

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Kernel Events
Symfony is using Events to process Requests.
.
Every Request
.
kernel.request
kernel.controller
kernel.response
.
.
Optional
.
kernel.view
kernel.exception
kernel.terminate
.

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Event kernel.request

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Resolve Controller

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Event kernel.controller

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Controller Arguments

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Call Controller

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Call Controller

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Event kernel.view

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Event kernel.exception

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Symfony HttpKernel Events

<?php // Example implementation of symfony kernel-events.
class HttpKernel implements HttpKernelInterface, TerminableInterface {
public function handle(Request $req) {
try {
$gre = $this->dispatch('kernel.request', new GetResponseEvent($req));
if($gre->hasResponse()) {
$resp = $gre->getResponse();
goto response;
}
$this->resolveController($req);
$controller = $this->dispatch('kernel.controller', new FilterControllerEvent($req));
$this->resolveArguments($req);
$resp = $this->callController($controller, $req);
if(!$resp instanceof Response) {
$grfcre = new GetResponseForControllerResultEvent($req, $resp);
$resp = $this->dispatch('kernel.view', $grfcre)->getResponse();
}
}catch(Exception $e) {
$resp = $this->dispatch('kernel.exception', new GetResponseForExceptionEvent($req, $e))->getResponse();
}
response:
return $this->dispatch('kernel.response', new FilterResponseEvent($req, $resp))->getResponse();
}
public function terminate(Request $req, Response $resp) {
$this->dispatch('kernel.terminate', new PostResponseEvent($req, $resp));
}
}
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Questions?

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Symfony Sub-Requests

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Sub-Requests: Flow

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Sub-Requests: Example
.

Forwarding

.
<?php
public function impressumAction($name) {
$response = $this->forward('ExampleContentBundle:Static:imprint');
}
.

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Sub-Requests: Example
.

Forwarding

.
<?php
public function impressumAction($name) {
$response = $this->forward('ExampleContentBundle:Static:imprint');
}
.
.

Rendering Templates

.
{{ render(url('/partial/footer.html')) }}
{# ... or ... #}
{{ render(controller('ExampleContentBundle:Partial:footer')) }}
.

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The end!

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