Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................... xxxv

PART I: HTML5
Chapter 1: Overview of HTML5 and Other Web Technologies ................................... 1
Section I Internet and Web Technologies ........................................................................................... 2
Internet and Web ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction to Web Technologies ......................................................................................................... 3
HTML ................................................................................................................................................... 3
JavaScript ............................................................................................................................................. 4
CSS ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
XML ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
XHTML ................................................................................................................................................ 5
AJAX ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
ASP.NET .............................................................................................................................................. 6
PHP ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Web Services ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Section II HTML5 and its Essentials .................................................................................................... 7
Exploring New Features of HTML5 ....................................................................................................... 8
New Elements ..................................................................................................................................... 8
New Attributes .................................................................................................................................. 10
Link Relations .................................................................................................................................... 10
Microdata ........................................................................................................................................... 10
ARIA Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 11
Web Forms 2.0 ................................................................................................................................... 11
Multimedia ........................................................................................................................................ 13
2D and 3D Drawings Support ......................................................................................................... 14
Offline Web Applications and Caching ......................................................................................... 15

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CSS Enhancements ........................................................................................................................... 15

New Selectors .................................................................................................................................... 18
Client Side Storage ............................................................................................................................ 18
Web Sockets ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Web Workers ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Notifications ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Drag and Drop API........................................................................................................................... 19
Geolocation ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Modernizr .......................................................................................................................................... 20
HTML5- Next Generation of Web Development................................................................................ 20
Structuring an HTML Document.......................................................................................................... 20
Elements and Attributes .................................................................................................................. 21
Tags ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
The DOCTYPE Element ................................................................................................................... 23
Exploring Editors and Browsers Supported by HTML5 ................................................................... 23
Creating and Saving an HTML Document .......................................................................................... 24
Validating an HTML Document ........................................................................................................... 26
Viewing an HTML Document ............................................................................................................... 29
Hosting Web Pages ................................................................................................................................. 29
Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 30

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of HTML.............................................................................. 31

In Depth ................................................................................................................................... 32
Understanding Elements ....................................................................................................................... 32
Root Elements .................................................................................................................................... 33
Metadata Elements ........................................................................................................................... 34
Section Elements ............................................................................................................................... 40
Heading Elements ............................................................................................................................. 43
Flow Elements ................................................................................................................................... 43
Phrasing Elements ............................................................................................................................ 46
Embedded Elements ......................................................................................................................... 48
Interactive Elements ......................................................................................................................... 49
Describing Data Types ........................................................................................................................... 50
Basic HTML Data Types .................................................................................................................. 50
Data Types Defined by the RFC and IANA Documentation ...................................................... 51
Data Types Defined by W3C Specifications .................................................................................. 53

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Describing Character Entities ................................................................................................................ 56

Understanding Horizontal Rules .......................................................................................................... 56
Understanding Line Breaks ................................................................................................................... 57
Understanding a Paragraph .................................................................................................................. 57
Understanding Citations, Quotations, and Definitions ..................................................................... 58
Understanding Comments .................................................................................................................... 59

Immediate Solutions .............................................................................................................. 60

Working with Root and Metadata Elements ....................................................................................... 60
Working with SCRIPT and NOSCRIPT Elements .............................................................................. 61
Working with Section Elements ............................................................................................................ 64
Working with HEADER and FOOTER Elements ............................................................................... 67
Working with Headings......................................................................................................................... 68
Working with Character Entities .......................................................................................................... 70
Working with Horizontal Rules ............................................................................................................ 71
Working with Line Breaks ..................................................................................................................... 72
Working with a Paragraph .................................................................................................................... 73
Working with Citations, Quotations, and Definitions ....................................................................... 74
Working with Comments ...................................................................................................................... 76
Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 76

Chapter 3: Working with Text ...................................................................................... 77

In-Depth ................................................................................................................................... 78
Formatting Text with HTML Elements ................................................................................................ 78
Formatting with HTML Physical Style Elements ......................................................................... 78
Formatting with HTML Logical Style Elements ........................................................................... 79
Defining the MARK Element ................................................................................................................ 92
Defining the STRONG Element ............................................................................................................ 93
Defining the CODE Element ................................................................................................................. 93
Defining the SMALL Element ............................................................................................................... 94
Immediate Solutions .............................................................................................................. 95
Displaying Plain Text ............................................................................................................................. 95
Displaying Bold Text .............................................................................................................................. 95
Displaying Italic Text ............................................................................................................................. 96
Displaying Small Text ............................................................................................................................ 97
Displaying Subscripted Text ................................................................................................................. 98

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Displaying Superscripted Text .............................................................................................................. 99

Displaying Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 99
Displaying Program Code ................................................................................................................... 100
Displaying Sample Program Output.................................................................................................. 101
Displaying Keyboard Text ................................................................................................................... 102
Emphasizing Text with the EM Element ........................................................................................... 103
Emphasizing Text with the STRONG Element ................................................................................. 103
Defining New Terms ............................................................................................................................ 104
Displaying the Short Quotations .................................................................................................. 105
Displaying the Long Quotations ................................................................................................... 106
Displaying Inserted Text ...................................................................................................................... 107
Displaying Deleted Text....................................................................................................................... 107
Displaying Variables and Arguments using the VAR Element...................................................... 108
Overriding Text Direction using the BDO Element ......................................................................... 109
Using the MARK Element ................................................................................................................... 110
Creating Keyboard Shortcut ................................................................................................................ 111
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 112

Chapter 4: Organizing Text in HTML ......................................................................... 113

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 114
Arranging Text ...................................................................................................................................... 114
Allowing Word Breaks ................................................................................................................... 115
Defining the Preformatted Text .................................................................................................... 115
Defining the DIV Element ............................................................................................................. 115
Defining the SPAN Element .......................................................................................................... 116
Formatting Text in Tables .............................................................................................................. 116
Defining the Ruby (Captioned) Text ............................................................................................ 117
Displaying Lists..................................................................................................................................... 117
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 118
Allowing Word Breaks Using the WBR Element ............................................................................. 118
Displaying the Preformatted Text ...................................................................................................... 118
Using the DIV Element ........................................................................................................................ 120
Positioning Text Using the DIV Element ........................................................................................... 120
Using the SPAN Element ..................................................................................................................... 121
Formatting Text Using Tables ............................................................................................................. 122

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Creating the Ruby (Captioned) Text .................................................................................................. 123

Creating Lists......................................................................................................................................... 124
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 128

Chapter 5: Working with Links and URLs................................................................. 129

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 130
Exploring the Hyperlinks .................................................................................................................... 130
The target Attribute ........................................................................................................................ 130
The id Attribute ............................................................................................................................... 131
Exploring the URL ................................................................................................................................ 131
Structuring the URL ....................................................................................................................... 131
Encoding the URL ........................................................................................................................... 133
Exploring the Newsgroup and Mail System ..................................................................................... 134
Exploring Link Relations ..................................................................................................................... 134
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 136
Creating a Hyperlink ............................................................................................................................ 136
Using the target Attribute .............................................................................................................. 137
Using the id Attribute .................................................................................................................... 138
Linking to a Mail System ..................................................................................................................... 140
Implementing Link Relations .............................................................................................................. 142
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 144

Chapter 6: Creating Tables ........................................................................................ 145

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 146
Understanding Tables .......................................................................................................................... 146
Describing the TABLE Element .......................................................................................................... 147
The CAPTION Element.................................................................................................................. 147
The COLGROUP Element ............................................................................................................. 147
The COL Element ............................................................................................................................ 148
The TBODY Element ...................................................................................................................... 148
The THEAD Element ...................................................................................................................... 149
The TFOOT Element ....................................................................................................................... 149
The TR Element ............................................................................................................................... 150
The TD and TH Elements .............................................................................................................. 150

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Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 152

Creating a Simple Table ....................................................................................................................... 152
Adding a Title to a Column ................................................................................................................. 153
Adding a Caption to a Table ............................................................................................................... 154
Specifying the Properties of the Columns ......................................................................................... 156
Changing the Properties of Multiple Columns ........................................................................... 156
Changing the Properties of a Single Column .............................................................................. 158
Spanning Rows and Columns ............................................................................................................. 159
Spanning Rows................................................................................................................................ 159
Spanning Columns ......................................................................................................................... 161
Using Images in a Table ....................................................................................................................... 163
Creating Advanced Tables .................................................................................................................. 164
Nesting Tables ....................................................................................................................................... 166
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 168

Chapter 7: Working with Images, Colors, and Canvas ............................................ 169

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 170
Inserting Images in a Web Page .......................................................................................................... 170
Describing Different Image Formats ............................................................................................ 171
Describing Image Maps ................................................................................................................. 172
Exploring Colors ................................................................................................................................... 173
Describing Color Names ................................................................................................................ 173
Describing Hex Values ................................................................................................................... 173
Describing the RGB Configuration ............................................................................................... 173
Describing Web-safe Colors .......................................................................................................... 174
Introducing Canvas .............................................................................................................................. 175
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 176
Displaying a GIF Image ....................................................................................................................... 176
Displaying a PNG Image ..................................................................................................................... 176
Displaying Alternate Text for an Image ............................................................................................ 178
Modifying the Size of an Image .......................................................................................................... 179
Using an Image as a Hyperlink ........................................................................................................... 180
Creating Image Maps ........................................................................................................................... 182
Using Color Names .............................................................................................................................. 184
Using Hex Values ................................................................................................................................. 185

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Using the RGB Configuration ............................................................................................................. 186

Implementing the CANVAS Element ................................................................................................ 187
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 188

Chapter 8: Working with Forms ................................................................................. 189

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 190
Exploring the FORM Element ............................................................................................................. 190
Exploring Types of the INPUT Element ............................................................................................ 191
Describing the text and search Type ............................................................................................ 192
Describing the tel Type .................................................................................................................. 192
Describing the url Type.................................................................................................................. 192
Describing the email Type ............................................................................................................. 192
Describing the password Type...................................................................................................... 192
Describing the datetime-local Type .............................................................................................. 193
Describing the datetime, date, month, week, and time Types .................................................. 193
Describing the number and range Types..................................................................................... 193
Describing the file Type ................................................................................................................. 194
Describing the hidden Type .......................................................................................................... 194
Describing the checkbox Type ...................................................................................................... 194
Describing the radio Type ............................................................................................................. 195
Describing the submit Type........................................................................................................... 195
Describing the reset Type .............................................................................................................. 195
Exploring the BUTTON Element ........................................................................................................ 196
Exploring the Multiple-Choice Elements .......................................................................................... 197
The SELECT Element ..................................................................................................................... 197
The OPTION Element .................................................................................................................... 197
The OPTGROUP Element .............................................................................................................. 198
Exploring the TEXTAREA and LABEL Elements ............................................................................ 198
Exploring the FIELDSET and LEGEND Elements ........................................................................... 199
Describing the DATALIST Element ................................................................................................... 200
Describing the KEYGEN Element....................................................................................................... 200
Describing the OUTPUT Element ....................................................................................................... 201
Describing the PROGRESS Element ................................................................................................... 202
Describing the METER Element ......................................................................................................... 202
Submitting a Form ................................................................................................................................ 203
The enctype Attribute..................................................................................................................... 203
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The action Attribute ........................................................................................................................ 204

The method Attribute ..................................................................................................................... 205

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 206

Creating a Form .................................................................................................................................... 206
Working with the INPUT Element ..................................................................................................... 207
Working with a Text Field ............................................................................................................. 208
Working with a Password Field ................................................................................................... 210
Creating a Hidden Field................................................................................................................. 214
Creating a Checkbox Field ............................................................................................................. 215
Creating a Radio Button Field ....................................................................................................... 216
Creating a Submit Button Field..................................................................................................... 217
Creating a Reset Button Field ........................................................................................................ 217
Using the SELECT and OPTION Elements ....................................................................................... 218
Using the OPTGROUP Element.......................................................................................................... 219
Working with the TEXTAREA Element ............................................................................................ 220
Using the FIELDSET and LEGEND Elements .................................................................................. 221
Using the BUTTON Element ............................................................................................................... 222
Using the DATALIST Element ............................................................................................................ 224
Using the KEYGEN element................................................................................................................ 225
Using the OUTPUT Element ............................................................................................................... 227
Using the PROGRESS Element ........................................................................................................... 229
Using the METER Element .................................................................................................................. 230
Using the enctype, action, and method Attributes ........................................................................... 231
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 232

Chapter 9: Interactive Elements ................................................................................ 233

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 234
The DETAILS and SUMMARY Elements .......................................................................................... 234
The MENU Element ............................................................................................................................. 234
The COMMAND Element ................................................................................................................... 235
The KBD Element.................................................................................................................................. 235
The TIME Element ................................................................................................................................ 236
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 237
Using the DETAILS and SUMMARY Elements ............................................................................... 237
Using the COMMAND Element ......................................................................................................... 238
Using the MENU Element ................................................................................................................... 240
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Using the KBD Element ....................................................................................................................... 241

Using the TIME Element ...................................................................................................................... 242
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 244

Chapter 10: Working with Multimedia ....................................................................... 245

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 246
Exploring Audio and Video File Formats.......................................................................................... 246
Describing the Multimedia Elements ................................................................................................. 249
Defining a Multimedia File Using the EMBED Element ................................................................. 250
Defining a Multimedia File Using the OBJECT Element ................................................................. 251
Exploring the FIGURE and FIGCAPTION Elements ....................................................................... 252
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 253
Setting the Background Sound Using the AUDIO Element ............................................................ 253
Using the VIDEO Element ................................................................................................................... 254
Embedding an Audio File Using the EMBED Element ................................................................... 256
Embedding a Video File Using the EMBED Element ...................................................................... 257
Embedding a Video File from Other Websites ................................................................................. 258
Adding Multimedia Files Using the OBJECT Element .................................................................... 259
Initializing an Object Using the PARAM Element ........................................................................... 261
Using the FIGURE and FIGCAPTION Elements.............................................................................. 263
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 264

PART II: DYNAMIC HTML

Chapter 11: Overview of JavaScript .......................................................................... 265
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 266
Exploring the Features of JavaScript .................................................................................................. 266
Using JavaScript in an HTML Document .......................................................................................... 267
JavaScript in the HEAD Element .................................................................................................. 268
JavaScript in the BODY Element ................................................................................................... 268
JavaScript in an External File......................................................................................................... 268
Exploring Programming Fundamentals of JavaScript ..................................................................... 269
Exploring the Lexical Structure of JavaScript ............................................................................. 269
Exploring Variables ........................................................................................................................ 275
Exploring Operators ....................................................................................................................... 275
Exploring Control Flow Statements ............................................................................................. 280
Exploring Popup Boxes .................................................................................................................. 284

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Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 285

Incorporating JavaScript in the Head Element ................................................................................. 285
Incorporating JavaScript in the Body Element.................................................................................. 285
Using an External JavaScript File........................................................................................................ 286
Using Variables ..................................................................................................................................... 288
Using Operators .................................................................................................................................... 290
Using the if Statement .......................................................................................................................... 291
Using the ifelse Statement................................................................................................................ 292
Using the switch Statement ................................................................................................................. 294
Using the while Loop ........................................................................................................................... 295
Using the dowhile Loop ................................................................................................................... 296
Using the for Loop ................................................................................................................................ 298
Using the break Statement ................................................................................................................... 299
Using the continue Statement ............................................................................................................. 300
Using the alert Box................................................................................................................................ 301
Using the confirm Box .......................................................................................................................... 302
Using the prompt Box .......................................................................................................................... 303
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 304

Chapter 12: JavaScript Functions, Events, Image Maps, and Animations ............ 305
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 306
Exploring Functions ............................................................................................................................. 306
Defining and Invoking a Function................................................................................................ 307
Defining Function arguments ....................................................................................................... 308
Defining a Return Statement ......................................................................................................... 308
Defining Function Scope and Closures ........................................................................................ 309
Calling Functions with Timer ....................................................................................................... 309
Exploring Events ................................................................................................................................... 310
Exploring Image Maps ......................................................................................................................... 313
Exploring Animations .......................................................................................................................... 313
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 315
Working with Functions ...................................................................................................................... 315
Creating a Function with Parameters........................................................................................... 316
Using Function Arguments ........................................................................................................... 317
Using a Return Statement .............................................................................................................. 318
Using Function Scope and Closures ............................................................................................. 319
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Working with the setTimeout() Method ............................................................................................ 320

Working with the setInterval() Method ............................................................................................. 321
Working with the onclick Event ......................................................................................................... 322
Working with the onload Event .......................................................................................................... 324
Working with the Mouse Events ........................................................................................................ 325
Working with the onreset Event ......................................................................................................... 327
Working with the onsubmit Event ..................................................................................................... 328
Working with Image Maps .................................................................................................................. 330
Working with Animations ................................................................................................................... 332
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 334

Chapter 13: JavaScript Objects ................................................................................. 335

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 336
Exploring Objects in JavaScript........................................................................................................... 336
Properties of an Object ................................................................................................................... 337
Methods of an Object ...................................................................................................................... 338
Exploring the Standard/Built-in JavaScript Objects ........................................................................ 338
The String Object ............................................................................................................................. 339
The RegExp Object .......................................................................................................................... 341
The Boolean Object ......................................................................................................................... 344
The Number Object ........................................................................................................................ 345
The Array Object ............................................................................................................................. 346
The Math Object .............................................................................................................................. 348
The Date Object ............................................................................................................................... 349
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 352
Working with Templates of an Object ............................................................................................... 352
Working with the String Object .......................................................................................................... 354
Working with the Boolean Object ....................................................................................................... 358
Working with the Number Object ...................................................................................................... 358
Working with the Array Object .......................................................................................................... 359
Working with the Date Object............................................................................................................. 360
Working with the Math Object ........................................................................................................... 361
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 362

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Chapter 14: Working with Browser Objects ............................................................. 363

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 364
Understanding the Window Object.................................................................................................... 364
Window Object Collection ............................................................................................................. 365
Window Object Properties............................................................................................................. 365
Window Object Methods ............................................................................................................... 366
Understanding the Navigator Object ................................................................................................. 367
Navigator Object Collections ........................................................................................................ 368
Navigator Object Properties .......................................................................................................... 368
Navigator Object Methods............................................................................................................. 368
Understanding the History Object ..................................................................................................... 369
History Object Properties............................................................................................................... 369
History Object Methods ................................................................................................................. 369
Understanding the Screen Object ....................................................................................................... 370
Understanding the Location Object.................................................................................................... 370
Location Object Properties ............................................................................................................. 371
Location Object Methods ............................................................................................................... 372
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 373
Working with the Window Object Properties................................................................................... 373
Working with the Window Object Methods ..................................................................................... 374
Working with the Navigator Object Properties ................................................................................ 376
Working with the Navigator Object Methods .................................................................................. 378
Working with the History Object ....................................................................................................... 379
Working with the Screen Object ......................................................................................................... 381
Working with the Location Object...................................................................................................... 382
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 386

Chapter 15: Working with Document Object ............................................................ 387

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 388
Describing the Document Object ........................................................................................................ 388
Exploring Document Object Collections ...................................................................................... 389
Exploring Document Object Properties ....................................................................................... 389
Exploring Document Object Methods .......................................................................................... 390
Exploring Cookies................................................................................................................................. 391
Creating and Storing Cookies ....................................................................................................... 391
Reading Cookies ............................................................................................................................. 392
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Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 393

Working with Document Object Collection ...................................................................................... 393
Working with Document Object Properties ...................................................................................... 394
Working with Document Object Methods ........................................................................................ 395
Using the Document Object with Forms ........................................................................................... 396
Creating Cookies ................................................................................................................................... 398
Deleting Cookies ................................................................................................................................... 401
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 404

Chapter 16: Document Object Model ........................................................................ 405

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 406
Understanding DOM Nodes ............................................................................................................... 406
Understanding DOM Levels ............................................................................................................... 409
DOM Level 1.................................................................................................................................... 410
DOM Level 2.................................................................................................................................... 410
DOM Level 3.................................................................................................................................... 411
Understanding DOM Interfaces.......................................................................................................... 411
The DOMException Interface ........................................................................................................ 412
The DOMImplementation Interface ............................................................................................. 412
The DocumentFragment Interface ................................................................................................ 413
The Node Interface ......................................................................................................................... 413
The NodeList Interface ................................................................................................................... 415
The NamedNodeMap Interface .................................................................................................... 415
The CharacterData Interface .......................................................................................................... 415
The Document Interface ................................................................................................................. 416
The Element Interface..................................................................................................................... 416
The Attr Interface ............................................................................................................................ 417
The Text Interface ........................................................................................................................... 417
The Comment Interface .................................................................................................................. 418
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 419
Verifying the Type of the Node .......................................................................................................... 419
Verifying the Child Nodes of a Node ................................................................................................ 420
Changing the Text of an Element ....................................................................................................... 423
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 424

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Chapter 17: Validation, Errors, Debugging, Exception Handling, and Security ..... 425
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 426
Introducing Form Validation .............................................................................................................. 426
Exploring Errors in JavaScript............................................................................................................. 427
Describing Syntax Errors ............................................................................................................... 428
Describing Runtime Errors ............................................................................................................ 429
Describing Logic Errors ................................................................................................................. 430
Debugging JavaScript Programs ......................................................................................................... 431
Using JSLint Checker ...................................................................................................................... 431
Using Browser Sniffing .................................................................................................................. 431
Handling Exceptions ............................................................................................................................ 432
The try-catch Statement ................................................................................................................. 432
The onerror Event ........................................................................................................................... 433
Introducing Security in JavaScript ...................................................................................................... 433
The Same-Origin Policy ................................................................................................................. 433
The Signed-Script Policy ................................................................................................................ 434
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 435
Validating Forms .................................................................................................................................. 435
Validating Required Fields ............................................................................................................ 435
Validating Numbers ....................................................................................................................... 438
Validating User Name and Password .......................................................................................... 441
Validating a Phone Number .......................................................................................................... 445
Validating Time............................................................................................................................... 447
Validating Date ............................................................................................................................... 450
Validating Credit Cards ................................................................................................................. 453
Validating Zip Code ....................................................................................................................... 456
Using Regular Expression to Validate Email Address .................................................................... 458
Handling Exceptions ............................................................................................................................ 461
Using the try-catch Statement ....................................................................................................... 461
Using the onerror event ................................................................................................................. 463
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 464

Chapter 18: Overview of CSS..................................................................................... 465

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 466
Discussing the Evolution of CSS ......................................................................................................... 466
Understanding the Syntax of CSS ....................................................................................................... 468
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Exploring CSS Selectors ....................................................................................................................... 469

The Universal Selector.................................................................................................................... 469
The Type Selector ............................................................................................................................ 470
The Class Selector ........................................................................................................................... 470
The ID Selector ................................................................................................................................ 470
The Child Selector ........................................................................................................................... 470
The Descendant Selector ................................................................................................................ 471
The Adjacent Sibling Selector ........................................................................................................ 471
The Attribute Selectors ................................................................................................................... 471
The Query Selector ......................................................................................................................... 472
Inserting CSS in an HTML Document ............................................................................................... 472
The Internal Style Sheet.................................................................................................................. 472
The External Style Sheet ................................................................................................................. 473
The Inline style ................................................................................................................................ 474
Defining Inheritance in CSS ................................................................................................................ 475

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 477

Creating and Using a Simple External CSS File ................................................................................ 477
Using the Internal and Inline CSS Styles ........................................................................................... 480
Working with the querySelector() Method ....................................................................................... 481
Working with the querySelectorAll() Method .................................................................................. 483
Working with @import Rule ............................................................................................................... 485
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 486

Chapter 19: Backgrounds and Color Gradients in CSS .......................................... 487

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 488
Exploring Background of a Web Page ............................................................................................... 488
The background-color Property .................................................................................................... 489
The background-image Property .................................................................................................. 489
The background-repeat Property ................................................................................................. 490
The background-attachment Property ......................................................................................... 491
The background-position Property .............................................................................................. 491
The background-clip Property ...................................................................................................... 491
The background-origin Property .................................................................................................. 493
The background-size Property ...................................................................................................... 494
The background-quantity Property .............................................................................................. 495
The background-spacing Property ............................................................................................... 495
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The background Property .............................................................................................................. 496

Exploring Color Properties .................................................................................................................. 496
The Opacity Property ..................................................................................................................... 501
The RGBA Value Format ............................................................................................................... 502
HSL and HSLA Values Format ..................................................................................................... 502
Exploring Gradient Properties ............................................................................................................ 503

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 505

Setting the Background Color ............................................................................................................. 505
Setting a Background Image................................................................................................................ 507
Fixing and Scrolling a Background Image......................................................................................... 509
Setting Multiple Background Images ................................................................................................. 511
Using the background-clip and background-origin Properties...................................................... 512
Using Color Properties ......................................................................................................................... 513
Using Gradient Properties ................................................................................................................... 518
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 520

Chapter 20: Fonts and Text Styles ............................................................................ 521

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 522
Understanding Fonts ............................................................................................................................ 522
Exploring Font Properties in CSS ....................................................................................................... 523
The font-family Property ............................................................................................................... 523
The font-size Property .................................................................................................................... 524
The font-size-adjust Property ........................................................................................................ 525
The font-stretch Property ............................................................................................................... 525
The font-style Property .................................................................................................................. 526
The font-variant Property .............................................................................................................. 526
The font-weight Property .............................................................................................................. 526
The font Property ............................................................................................................................ 527
Introducing Web Font .......................................................................................................................... 527
Applying CSS to Text ........................................................................................................................... 528
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 531
Working with Font Families ................................................................................................................ 531
Using Absolute Values ......................................................................................................................... 532
Using Relative Values .......................................................................................................................... 533
Using Percentage Values ..................................................................................................................... 534
Working with the font-size-adjust Property ..................................................................................... 535
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Working with the font-style Property ................................................................................................ 536

Working with Web Fonts ..................................................................................................................... 537
Using the text-transform Property ..................................................................................................... 538
Using the text-indent Property............................................................................................................ 538
Using the text-decoration Property .................................................................................................... 540
Using the text-shadow Property ......................................................................................................... 541
Using the text-stroke Property ............................................................................................................ 541
Wrapping text........................................................................................................................................ 543
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 544

Chapter 21: Creating Boxes and Columns Using CSS ............................................ 545
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 546
Exploring the Box Model ..................................................................................................................... 546
Exploring Box Dimensions ............................................................................................................ 547
Exploring Padding Properties ....................................................................................................... 548
Exploring Border Properties .......................................................................................................... 549
Exploring Margin Properties ......................................................................................................... 556
Exploring width and height Properties ....................................................................................... 557
Exploring min-width, max-width, min-height and max-height Properties ........................... 557
Floating Boxes ................................................................................................................................. 557
Overflowing of Box Content ......................................................................................................... 558
Exploring Marquee Properties ...................................................................................................... 558
Rotating Boxes ................................................................................................................................. 559
Exploring the Line Box Model ............................................................................................................ 560
Exploring the Template Layout Model .............................................................................................. 561
The display Property ...................................................................................................................... 561
The position Property ..................................................................................................................... 562
Exploring the Multi-Column Model .................................................................................................. 563
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 567
Working with Padding......................................................................................................................... 567
Using the padding-top Property ................................................................................................... 568
Using the padding-right Property ................................................................................................ 569
Using the padding-left Property ................................................................................................... 571
Using the padding-bottom Property ............................................................................................ 572
Using the shorthand padding Property ....................................................................................... 573
Working with Border Properties ........................................................................................................ 574
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Working with Margin .......................................................................................................................... 576

Using the margin-top Property ..................................................................................................... 577
Using the margin-right Property .................................................................................................. 578
Using the margin-bottom Property .............................................................................................. 579
Using margin-left Property ........................................................................................................... 580
Using Shorthand margin Property ............................................................................................... 582
Working with Rounded Corners ........................................................................................................ 583
Creating Border with Images and Shadows...................................................................................... 584
Working with Columns ....................................................................................................................... 586
Using the column-width and column-count Properties ............................................................ 587
Using the column-gap and column-rule Properties ................................................................... 588
Using the column-span and column-fill Properties ................................................................... 589
Inserting Column and Page Breaks .............................................................................................. 591
Creating Floated Boxes......................................................................................................................... 594
Setting Box Dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 595
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 596

Chapter 22: Displaying, Positioning, and Floating an Element .............................. 597

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 598
Controlling the Display of an Element Using CSS ........................................................................... 598
Exploring the display Property ..................................................................................................... 599
Exploring the visibility Property .................................................................................................. 599
Positioning an Element ........................................................................................................................ 600
Fixed Positioning ............................................................................................................................ 601
Relative Positioning ........................................................................................................................ 601
Absolute Positioning ...................................................................................................................... 602
Floating an Element Using CSS........................................................................................................... 602
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 604
Working with the display Property.................................................................................................... 604
Working with the visibility Property ................................................................................................. 607
Hiding an Element ................................................................................................................................ 609
Setting Fixed Position of an Element .................................................................................................. 610
Setting Relative Position of an Element ............................................................................................. 612
Setting Absolute Position of an Element............................................................................................ 613
Overlapping of Elements ..................................................................................................................... 615
Floating an Element to the Right ........................................................................................................ 616
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Floating an Element to the Left ........................................................................................................... 617

Turning-Off Float .................................................................................................................................. 618
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 622

Chapter 23: List Styles ............................................................................................... 623

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 624
The list-style-type Property ................................................................................................................. 624
The list-style-image Property .............................................................................................................. 626
The list-style-position Property........................................................................................................... 627
The list-style shorthand Property ....................................................................................................... 627
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 628
Using the list-style-type Property ....................................................................................................... 628
Using the list-style-image Property .................................................................................................... 629
Using the list-style-position Property ................................................................................................ 630
Using the list-style shorthand Property ............................................................................................. 631
Creating Horizontal Lists..................................................................................................................... 633
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 634

Chapter 24: Table Layouts ......................................................................................... 635

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 636
The table-layout Property .................................................................................................................... 636
The caption-side Property ................................................................................................................... 637
The border-collapse Property .............................................................................................................. 637
The border-spacing Property .............................................................................................................. 638
The empty-cells Property ..................................................................................................................... 638
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 639
Setting the Auto Table Layout ............................................................................................................ 639
Setting the Fixed Table Layout............................................................................................................ 640
Specifying a Table Caption .................................................................................................................. 641
Displaying Border around Cells ......................................................................................................... 643
Specifying Border Spacing ................................................................................................................... 644
Specifying Border around Empty Cells ............................................................................................. 646
Displaying Images in a Table .............................................................................................................. 648
Applying Rounded Corners on Table Cells ...................................................................................... 649
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 652

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Chapter 25: Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements ................................................ 653

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 654
Exploring the Pseudo-Classes ............................................................................................................. 654
Dynamic Pseudo-Classes ............................................................................................................... 655
The Target Pseudo-Class................................................................................................................ 655
The Language Pseudo-Class.......................................................................................................... 656
UI Element States Pseudo-Classes ................................................................................................ 656
Structural Pseudo-Classes ............................................................................................................. 656
The Negation Pseudo-Class........................................................................................................... 658
Exploring the Pseudo-Elements .......................................................................................................... 658
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 660
Using Dynamic Pseudo-Classes.......................................................................................................... 660
Using the Target Pseudo-Class ........................................................................................................... 663
Using the Language Pseudo-Class ..................................................................................................... 666
Using the UI Element States Pseudo-classes ..................................................................................... 666
Using the Structural Pseudo-Classes.................................................................................................. 670
Using the Negation Pseudo-Class ...................................................................................................... 672
Using the ::first-line Pseudo-Element ................................................................................................. 674
Using the ::first-letter Pseudo-Element .............................................................................................. 675
Using the ::before Pseudo-Element .................................................................................................... 676
Using the ::after Pseudo-Element ....................................................................................................... 677
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 678

Chapter 26: Effects, Frames, and Controls in CSS .................................................. 679

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 680
Exploring Different Types of Effects in CSS ...................................................................................... 680
Opacity Effects ................................................................................................................................ 681
Transition Effects ............................................................................................................................ 681
Transformation Effects ................................................................................................................... 681
Animation Effects ........................................................................................................................... 682
Creating Frames Using CSS ................................................................................................................. 683
Customizing Controls Using CSS ....................................................................................................... 684
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 685
Changing Image Transparency with Mouse Events ........................................................................ 685
Writing Text in a Transparent Box ..................................................................................................... 687
Applying the Transformation Effects................................................................................................. 688
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Applying the Transition Effects .......................................................................................................... 690

Applying the Animation Effects ......................................................................................................... 695
Creating Frames .................................................................................................................................... 698
Changing the Appearance of Buttons ................................................................................................ 703
Changing the Appearance of Vertical Menus ................................................................................... 705
Changing the Appearance of Horizontal Menus.............................................................................. 708
Changing the Appearance of Scroll Bars ........................................................................................... 710
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 712

Chapter 27: Implementing the Advanced Features of HTML5 ................................ 713

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 714
Creating Editable Content ................................................................................................................... 714
Checking Spelling Mistakes ................................................................................................................ 715
Exploring Custom Data Attributes ..................................................................................................... 715
Exploring Microdata............................................................................................................................. 715
The itemscope Attribute................................................................................................................. 716
The itemprop Attribute .................................................................................................................. 716
The itemref Attribute ...................................................................................................................... 717
The itemtype Attribute ................................................................................................................... 718
The itemid Attribute ....................................................................................................................... 718
Exploring Client-Side Storage ............................................................................................................. 718
Session Storage ................................................................................................................................ 719
Local Storage ................................................................................................................................... 719
Database Storage ............................................................................................................................. 720
Exploring the Drag and Drop Feature ............................................................................................... 721
The DragEvent and DataTransfer Interfaces ............................................................................... 722
The draggable and dropzone Attributes ..................................................................................... 722
Exploring ARIA Accessibility ............................................................................................................. 723
Exploring Offline Web Applications .................................................................................................. 724
Exploring Web Communication ......................................................................................................... 724
Geolocation API .............................................................................................................................. 725
Web Sockets ..................................................................................................................................... 725
Web Workers ................................................................................................................................... 726
Exploring Cross-Document Messaging ............................................................................................. 726
Exploring Desktop Notifications ........................................................................................................ 727

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Supporting 2D and 3D Graphics......................................................................................................... 728

Detecting HTML5 and CSS 3 Features Using Modernizr ................................................................ 728

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 730

Using the contentEditable Attribute .................................................................................................. 730
Implementing the Spell Check Attribute ........................................................................................... 732
Creating Custom Data Attributes ....................................................................................................... 733
Implementing Session Storage ............................................................................................................ 736
Implementing Local Storage ............................................................................................................... 738
Implementing Database Storage ......................................................................................................... 740
Implementing the Drag and Drop Feature ........................................................................................ 745
Implementing the Geolocation Feature ............................................................................................. 750
Implementing Web Worker ................................................................................................................. 753
Implementing Notifications ................................................................................................................ 755
Creating 2D Graphics ........................................................................................................................... 757
Implementing Modernizr .................................................................................................................... 758
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 760

PART III: XML

Chapter 28: Working with Basics of XML ................................................................. 761
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 762
Exploring XML ...................................................................................................................................... 762
Comparing XML with HTML ............................................................................................................. 763
Exploring Advantages and Disadvantages of XML ......................................................................... 764
Describing the Structure of an XML Document................................................................................ 765
Exploring XML Declaration........................................................................................................... 765
Exploring XML Elements ............................................................................................................... 766
Exploring XML Attributes ............................................................................................................. 767
Exploring an XML Tree .................................................................................................................. 767
Exploring XML Comments ............................................................................................................ 768
Exploring XML Entity References ...................................................................................................... 768
Exploring XML Parsers ........................................................................................................................ 768
Describing DTD..................................................................................................................................... 769
Defining DTD for a Single Element .............................................................................................. 770
Defining DTD for Nested Elements ............................................................................................. 771
Defining Attributes in the DTD .................................................................................................... 771
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Defining Entities in the DTD ......................................................................................................... 772

Referencing External Entities ........................................................................................................ 773

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 774

Creating an XML Document ............................................................................................................... 774
Defining XML Attributes ..................................................................................................................... 775
Creating an XML Tree .......................................................................................................................... 776
Working with XML Comments........................................................................................................... 777
Defining XML Entity References ........................................................................................................ 779
Working with XML Parsers ................................................................................................................. 779
Working with DTD ............................................................................................................................... 781
Creating Internal DTD ......................................................................................................................... 784
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 786

Chapter 29: Implementing Advanced Features of XML ........................................... 787

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 788
Exploring XML Namespaces ............................................................................................................... 788
Describing the Need of Namespaces ............................................................................................ 789
Describing the Namespace Syntax ............................................................................................... 790
Describing the Scope of a Namespace Declaration .................................................................... 790
Defining a Default Namespace ..................................................................................................... 791
Defining a Namespace with DTDs ............................................................................................... 792
Describing an XML Schema ................................................................................................................ 792
Understanding the Simple Type Element ................................................................................... 793
Understanding the Complex Type Element ................................................................................ 797
Describing the Data Types of Schema .......................................................................................... 799
Using Namespaces in XML Schemas ........................................................................................... 802
Understanding XML CDATA ............................................................................................................. 802
Describing Entity References............................................................................................................... 803
Understanding XML Encoding ........................................................................................................... 803
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 805
Using a Default Namespace ................................................................................................................ 805
Using Multiple Namespaces ............................................................................................................... 806
Specifying a Namespace in DTD ........................................................................................................ 807
Creating an XML Schema Using Simple Type Elements ................................................................. 808
Creating an XML Schema Using Complex Type Elements ............................................................. 810
Working with XML Encoding ............................................................................................................. 812
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Using CDATA in an XML Document ................................................................................................ 815

Specifying Namespaces in an XML Schema Document .................................................................. 816
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 818

Chapter 30: Converting XML Documents in Other Formats ................................... 819

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 820
Exploring the DOM Parser .................................................................................................................. 820
Exploring the SAX Parser .................................................................................................................... 821
Exploring JAXP ..................................................................................................................................... 822
Exploring the XSLT Processor ............................................................................................................. 823
Exploring XSL-FO ................................................................................................................................. 823
Documents ....................................................................................................................................... 824
Areas ................................................................................................................................................. 826
Lists and Tables ............................................................................................................................... 827
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 829
Parsing XML Documents Using DOM Parser................................................................................... 829
Parsing XML Documents Using the SAX Parser .............................................................................. 831
Parsing XML Documents Using JAXP ............................................................................................... 835
Parsing XML Documents Using the XSLT Processor ....................................................................... 838
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 842

Chapter 31: Working with XSLT................................................................................. 843

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 844
Exploring XSLT Elements and Attributes ......................................................................................... 844
The xsl:template Element ............................................................................................................... 847
The xsl:apply-templates Element .................................................................................................. 848
The xsl:import Element .................................................................................................................. 849
The xsl:call-template Element ....................................................................................................... 849
The xsl:include Element ................................................................................................................. 850
The xsl:element Element ................................................................................................................ 850
The xsl:attribute Element ............................................................................................................... 851
The xsl:attribute-set Element ......................................................................................................... 851
The xsl:value-of Element ................................................................................................................ 852
Exploring Variables and Parameters .................................................................................................. 852
Exploring Conditional Statements...................................................................................................... 853
Sorting Elements ................................................................................................................................... 855

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Exploring XSLT Functions ................................................................................................................... 856

Exploring NaN Values and Patterns .................................................................................................. 859

Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 861

Transforming an XML Document ...................................................................................................... 861
Using the xsl:template and xsl:apply-templates Elements .............................................................. 863
Using XSLT Functions .......................................................................................................................... 865
Specifying Conditions Using the xsl:if Element................................................................................ 871
Specifying Multiple Conditions .......................................................................................................... 873
Sorting Elements ................................................................................................................................... 874
Declaring Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 875
Using a NaN Value ............................................................................................................................... 877
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 878

Chapter 32: Working with XPath, XLink, and XPointer............................................ 879

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 880
Exploring the XPath Language ........................................................................................................... 880
Functionality of the XPath Language ........................................................................................... 881
XPath Functions .............................................................................................................................. 883
Exploring the XLink Language ........................................................................................................... 885
Exploring the XPointer Language ...................................................................................................... 886
XPointer Syntax ............................................................................................................................... 887
XPointer Functions ......................................................................................................................... 887
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 888
Implementing XPath Using the count() Function............................................................................. 888
Implementing XPath Using the last() Function ................................................................................ 890
Implementing XPath Using local-name(), name(), and namespace-uri() Functions .................... 891
Implementing XPath Using the ceiling() Function ........................................................................... 893
Implementing XPath Using the floor() Function .............................................................................. 895
Implementing XPath Using the number() Function ......................................................................... 896
Implementing XPath Using the round() Function ............................................................................ 897
Implementing XPath Using the concat() Function ........................................................................... 898
Implementing XPath Using the contains() Function ........................................................................ 900
Implementing XPath Using the normalize-space() Function .......................................................... 901
Implementing XPath Using the starts-with() Function .................................................................... 902
Implementing XPath Using the string-length () Function ............................................................... 903
Implementing XPath Using the substring() Function ...................................................................... 904
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Implementing XPath Using the substring-after() Function ............................................................. 906

Implementing XPath Using the translate() Function ....................................................................... 907
Working with XLink ............................................................................................................................. 908
Working with XPointer ........................................................................................................................ 909
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 910

PART IV: AJAX

Chapter 33: Overview of AJAX .................................................................................. 911
In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 912
Exploring Different Web Technologies .............................................................................................. 912
Describing Problems with Technologies ........................................................................................... 915
Exploring AJAX..................................................................................................................................... 916
AJAX Web Application Model ...................................................................................................... 917
How AJAX Works? ......................................................................................................................... 919
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 920
Creating a Simple AJAX Application ................................................................................................. 920
Displaying Date and Time without Using AJAX ............................................................................. 922
Displaying Date and Time using AJAX ............................................................................................. 923
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 926

Chapter 34: Asynchronous Data Transfer with XMLHttpRequest .......................... 927

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 928
Creating the XMLHttpRequest Object ............................................................................................... 928
XMLHttpRequest Properties ......................................................................................................... 930
XMLHttpRequest Methods ........................................................................................................... 933
Using the XMLHttpRequest Object in Different Browsers ............................................................. 934
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 936
Reading a File Synchronously ............................................................................................................. 936
Reading a File Asynchronously .......................................................................................................... 938
Performing Tasks Using the XMLHttpRequest Object .................................................................... 941
Validating an Input Field ............................................................................................................... 941
Reading Response Headers ........................................................................................................... 945
Loading List Boxes Dynamically .................................................................................................. 948
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 952

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Chapter 35: Implementing AJAX Frameworks ......................................................... 953

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 954
Describing the Prototype Framework ................................................................................................ 954
Describing the Script.aculo.us Framework........................................................................................ 955
Describing the Dojo Toolkit Framework ........................................................................................... 956
Describing the Rico Framework.......................................................................................................... 957
Describing the Spry Framework ......................................................................................................... 958
Describing the DWR Framework........................................................................................................ 958
Describing the Yahoo UI Library Framework................................................................................... 959
Describing the Google Web Toolkit Framework .............................................................................. 959
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 960
Using the Prototype Framework ........................................................................................................ 960
Using the Dojo Framework ................................................................................................................. 966
Using the Rico Framework .................................................................................................................. 973
Using the Spry Framework.................................................................................................................. 980
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 986

Chapter 36: Working with ASP.NET AJAX Application ........................................... 987

In Depth ................................................................................................................................. 988
Introducing ASP.NET AJAX Extensions ........................................................................................... 988
Objectives of ASP.NET AJAX Extensions .................................................................................... 989
Architecture of ASP.NET AJAX .................................................................................................... 990
ASP.NET AJAX Server Controls ................................................................................................... 992
ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit ................................................................................................... 993
ConfiguringASP.NET AJAX ............................................................................................................... 993
Immediate Solutions ............................................................................................................ 997
Differentiating between AJAX and Non-AJAX Applications ......................................................... 997
Creating a Simple Non-AJAX Application .................................................................................. 997
Creating a Simple AJAX Application ........................................................................................... 999
Using the Timer Control .................................................................................................................... 1001
Using the Timer Control Inside the UpdatePanel Control ...................................................... 1001
Using the Timer Control Outside the UpdatePanel Control................................................... 1003
Using the UpdateProgress Control................................................................................................... 1006
Using the UpdateProgress Control for Single UpdatePanel Control..................................... 1006
Using the UpdateProgress Control for Multiple UpdatePanel Controls .............................. 1008

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Implementing Localization with ASP.NET AJAX .......................................................................... 1011

Creating Custom ASP.NET AJAX Controls .................................................................................... 1030
Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 1036

Chapter 37: Integrating PHP and AJAX .................................................................. 1037

In Depth ............................................................................................................................... 1038
Exploring the Fundamentals of PHP................................................................................................ 1038
Variables......................................................................................................................................... 1039
Strings ............................................................................................................................................. 1039
Arrays ............................................................................................................................................. 1039
Comments ...................................................................................................................................... 1040
Operators ....................................................................................................................................... 1040
Control Structures ......................................................................................................................... 1041
Methods.......................................................................................................................................... 1042
Exploring the Interaction between PHP and AJAX........................................................................ 1043
Using PHP Enabled Server ................................................................................................................ 1044
Immediate Solutions .......................................................................................................... 1046
Using the echo Statement in PHP ..................................................................................................... 1046
Using the if-else Statement in PHP ................................................................................................... 1046
Using a Loop Statement in PHP........................................................................................................ 1047
Using a Method in PHP ..................................................................................................................... 1048
Sending Data from a Web Application to a Server ........................................................................ 1049
Validating a Field Using AJAX and PHP ........................................................................................ 1051
Creating a Polling Application Using AJAX and PHP .................................................................. 1054
Creating a Suggestion Application Using AJAX and PHP ........................................................... 1058
Handling XML Data using PHP and AJAX..................................................................................... 1061
Retrieving Data from a Database Using PHP and AJAX............................................................... 1065
Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 1068

Chapter 38: Consuming Web Services Using AJAX.............................................. 1069

In Depth ............................................................................................................................... 1070
Exploring Web Service Protocols ...................................................................................................... 1070
SOAP .............................................................................................................................................. 1071
Web Service Description Language ............................................................................................ 1073
UDDI .............................................................................................................................................. 1076

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REST ............................................................................................................................................... 1076

Consuming Web Services Using AJAX ............................................................................................ 1078
Exploring New Technologies to Create Web Services ................................................................... 1078
Java API for XML based RPC ...................................................................................................... 1079
Java Architecture for XML Binding ............................................................................................ 1079
Java API for XML Messaging ...................................................................................................... 1079
Java API for XML Registries ........................................................................................................ 1079
Java API for XML Parsing............................................................................................................ 1080
Exploring Cross Domain Web Services ........................................................................................... 1080

Immediate Solutions .......................................................................................................... 1081

Creating a Web Service ...................................................................................................................... 1081
Creating a Web Service Endpoint ............................................................................................... 1081
Creating a Home Page.................................................................................................................. 1084
Consuming a Web Service ................................................................................................................. 1085
Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 1086

Chapter 39: Working with jQuery ............................................................................ 1087

In Depth ............................................................................................................................... 1088
Exploring the Fundamentals of jQuery............................................................................................ 1088
Loading and Using jQuery .......................................................................................................... 1091
Using the jQuery Library File...................................................................................................... 1091
Describing Callback Functions .................................................................................................... 1092
Exploring jQuery Selectors ................................................................................................................ 1093
Exploring jQuery Methods to Access HTML Attributes ............................................................... 1095
Exploring jQuery Methods for Traversing ...................................................................................... 1096
Exploring jQuery Manipulators ........................................................................................................ 1097
Exploring jQuery Events .................................................................................................................... 1099
Exploring jQuery Effects .................................................................................................................... 1101
Exploring jQuery with AJAX ............................................................................................................ 1102
Immediate Solutions .......................................................................................................... 1104
Using jQuery Selectors ....................................................................................................................... 1104
Using jQuery Methods to Access Attributes ................................................................................... 1105
Using jQuery Traversing Methods ................................................................................................... 1107
Using jQuery Manipulators ............................................................................................................... 1108
Using jQuery Events ........................................................................................................................... 1111

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Creating jQuery Animation Effects .................................................................................................. 1112

Working with AJAX and jQuery....................................................................................................... 1118
Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 1122

Chapter 40: Case Study: HTML5 Black Book Website .......................................... 1123
Appendix A: Obsolete Elements and Attributes of HTML5 ................................... 1125
Appendix B: Browser Compatibility of HTML5 & CSS3 ........................................ 1131
Appendix C: Overview of XHTML ............................................................................ 1135
Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 1191
Index ........................................................................................................................... 1211
Whats on the CD-ROM ............................................................................................. 1220

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