Oracle 12c Features

You Should Know

ArupNanda
LongtimeOracleDBA

Agenda

12 Features
Key useful features; not all.
Not necessarily well advertised
Some demo

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

1. Pluggable Database

Application1

Application2

Application3

Application1
Application2
Application3

UserSIEBEL

UserSIEBEL

UserSIEBEL

UserSIEBEL

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

SGA
Container
Database

VirtualDB

VirtualDB

Pluggable
Database

(Containers)
Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

DBA_USERS
SELECT 1 AS CON_ID, NAME
FROM USER$@cdb
SELECT 2 AS CON_ID, NAME
FROM USER$@pdb1
SELECT 3 AS CON_ID, NAME
FROM USER$@pdb2

PDB1
CON_ID=2
PDB2
CON_ID=3

PDB3
CON_ID=4

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

2. RMAN
Sysbackup role
grant sysbackup to rmanuser identified by
rmanuser;
rman target='rmanuser/rmanuser as sysbackup'

SQL in RMAN
No need to put SQL command
Select, even describe

Recovering over the network

Great for data guard environments

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

Table Recovery
RMAN> recover table scott.accounts:p1
2> until scn 123456
3> auxiliary destination +DG1;

Creates a table called ACCOUNTS_P1

Remap Table Name
4> remap table arup.accounts:p1:newaccs;

Remap Tablespace
4> remap tablespace users:accdata;

Datapump Dump
4> datapump destination /tmp dump file acc.dmp
5> notableimport;

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

Cross-patform Database Migration

Full
backup
Incremental
backup
FinalInc

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

3. Data Guard
Global Temporary Tables in ADG
You can use DML on GTTs
Uses temporary undo (in temp tablespace)

Sequences in ADG
select x.nextval from dual
Pulls the <cache> amount of numbers for SGA

Realtime cascade
Data Guard Broker
One command role transition
Resumable switchover
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Far Sync Standby

Process

StandbyRedoLogs

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Process

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4. MV Refresh

Table1

Table2

dbms_mview.refresh (

out_of_place => true

)
MV

Table2
MV_Temp

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5. Partitioning: Asynch Global Index

part1

part1

part2

part2

part3

part3

alter table drop t

partition part3
update global
indexes;
Aschedulerjob
pmo_deferred_gidx
_maint_job cleans
up
Column

Table

GlobalIndex

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

ORPHANED_ENTRIES in
USER_INDEXES view

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5. Partitioning: Partial Index

part1

part1

part2

part2

part3

part3

Table

LocalIndex

Oracle12c:GeeWhizFeatures

SQL> alter table ptab1

modify partition p1
indexing on;
SQL> alter table ptab1
modify partition p2
indexing off;
SQL> create index
in_g2_ptab1 on ptab1
(c1) global indexing
partial;

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6. Automatic Data Optimization

Enable Heat Map
alter system set heat_map = on scope=both;

Add Data Movement Policy

alter table exchange_rate ilm add policy tier to midterm_ts;

Add Compression Policy

alter table exchange_rate
ilm add policy row store
compress advanced segment
after 7 days
of no modification;

T1
T2
T3
High

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Low
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7. Schema Management
DDL Logging
Enable alter system set enable_ddl_logging=true;
The logs are written in $DIAG\rdbms\DBName\INSTNAME\log\ddl
In XML format
<msg time='2013-08-30T20:29:36.635-04:00' org_id='oracle' comp_id='rdbms'
msg_id='opiexe:4181:2946163730' type='UNKNOWN' group='diag_adl'
level='16' host_id='STARUPNANT420B' host_addr='fe80::58b8:d0b2:f7c9:3147%27'
version='1'>
<txt> create table t11 (col1 number)
</txt>
</msg>
<msg time='2013-08-30T20:32:56.719-04:00' org_id='oracle' comp_id='rdbms'
msg_id='opiexe:4181:2946163730' type='UNKNOWN' group='diag_adl'
level='16' host_id='STARUPNANT420B' host_addr='fe80::58b8:d0b2:f7c9:3147%27'>
<txt>drop table t11
</txt>
</msg>

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Multiple Indexes
SQL> create table t3 (col1 number, col2 number);
Table created.
SQL> create index in_t3 on t3(col1);
Index created.

Rules
Different types: b-tree/bitmap
Unique/nonUnique
Only one is visible at a time

SQL> create index in_t3_02 on t3(col1);

create index in_t3_02 on t3(col1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01408: such column list already indexed
SQL> create bitmap index in_t3_02 on t3(col1) invisible;
Index created.

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Invisible Column
SQL> create table t4 (col1 number, col2 number invisible);
SQL> desc t4
Name Null? Type
SQL> set colinvisible on
----- ----- ----SQL> desc t4
COL1
NUMBER
Name
Null?
Type
SQL> insert into t4 values (1);
----------------- -------- ---------1 row created.
-SQL> select * from t4;
COL1
NUMBER
COL1
COL2 (INVISIBLE)
NUMBER
---------SQL> create index in_t4 on t4(col2);
1
Index created.
SQL> select col1, col2 from t4;
COL1
COL2
---------- ---------1
SQL> insert into t4 (col1,col2) values (2,2);
1 row created.
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Default Values
SQL> create table t5 (col1 number,
col2 number default on null 0);
Table created.
SQL> desc t5
Name
Null?
----------------- -------COL1
COL2
NOT NULL

Type
-----NUMBER
NUMBER

SQL> insert into t5 values (1,

null);
SQL> insert into t5 values (2,2);
SQL> select * from t5;
COL1
COL2
---------- ---------1
0
2
2

SQL> create table t6 (col1 number generated

always as identity);
SQL> create table t7 (col1 number generated
always as identity (start with 1000 increment
by 10));
SQL> insert into t6 values (1);
insert into t6 values (1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always
identity column
SQL> create table t9 (col1 number, col2 number
generated by default as identity);
SQL> insert into t9 values (9,9);
SQL> insert into t9 values (10,default);
SQL> insert into t9 (col1) values (11);
SQL> select * from t9;
COL1
COL2
---------- ---------9
9
10
2
11
3

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8. SQL and PL/SQL

Repetitive operations
Stored Function and Procedure
CALC_INT (
p_principal
p_int_rate
)
returns number
as
begin
...
end;

select accno,
calc_int(bal, int_rate)
from accounts;

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SQL WITH Functions

Notastoredfunction

with function calc_int (

p_principal
in number,
p_int_rate
in number
)
return number
as
begin
return p_principal * (1+p_int_rate/100);
end;
select
JustSELECT;notUPDATEorDELETE
accno,
balance,
calc_int(balance,10) int
from accounts;
Sqlf.sql
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Top-N Query
First 10, second 10 rows, etc.
select from (select from order by ) where rownum <= 10

12c way:
select *
from sales_fact
order by year, week, country, region, product
fetch first 10 rows only;

Next 10 rows
offset 10 rows fetch first 10 rows only
offset 10 rows fetch first 0.1 percent rows only
offset 10 rows fetch first 0.1 percent rows with
ties
Fetch10.sql

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 Session Sequences
Values visible only in the session
Not persistent
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
3
SQL>
1

create sequence sessseq session;

create sequence globseq global;
select globseq.nextval from dual;
select sessseq.nextval from dual;
Seqg.sql sqqs.sql
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View Expansion
create view v1 as select * from t1;
select * from v1;
SQL>
SQL>
2
3
4
5

var o clob
begin
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text (
'select * from v1',:o);
end;
/

SQL> print o
SELECT "A1"."COL2" "COL2" FROM (SELECT "A2"."COL2"
"COL2" FROM ARUP."T1" "A2")
Exp1.sql
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9. Administration
PGA Size Limit
pga_aggregate_target is merely a target
pga_aggregate_limit limits PGA memory consumption
Greater of
2 GB
2 X pga_aggregate_target
3 MB X processes

Error:
ORA-00028: your session has been killed
ORA-04036: PGA memory used by the instance exceeds
PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT
PGA memory used by the instance exceeds PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT of
4000 MB

Want Old Behavior?

Set pga_aggregate_limit to 0
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 Adaptive Execution Plans

Estimate can change mid-execution

Adapt1.sql

Incremental Stats
Stats of partitions

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10. Online Activities

Online Datafile Move
No need to put tablespace to read only
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE old1.dbf' TO
new1.dbf';

Queries and DML can continue

Great for ASM conversions
Use REUSE at the end, if you want to overwrite
If you want to keep the old one, use KEEP at the end

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 Move partitions online

alter table t1 move p1 to tablespace ts1
update indexes online

DML allowed as usual

Online DDLs
drop index i1 online;
alter table t1 drop constraint c1 online;
alter table t1 set unused column col1 online;
alter index i1 unusable online;
alter index i1 [in]visible;
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11. Replay Consolidation

Capture
workload

files

Replay
workload

Capture
workload

files

Replay
workload

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11. Replay Consolidation

Capture
workload

files

Replay
workload

Capture
workload

files

Replay
workload

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Workload Characteristics #1

Load

Capacity

DB2
DB1
Time

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Workload Characteristics #2

Load

Capacity

DB2

DB1

Time

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Database Replay Consolidation

Capture from multiple databases
Replay all the capture files against one database

Load

Capacity

DB2

DB1
Time
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12. Miscellaneous
Temporary Undo
Put the undo information in TEMP tablespace
alter session set temp_undo_enabled=true;
V$TEMPUNDOSTAT view gives the details

VARCHAR2 is now 32676 bytes

Param MAX_STRING_SIZE should be set to EXTENDED
DB must be in upgrade mode
Irreversible

Inline Stats Collection

CTAS, Insert Into Select From will collect stats
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Thank You!
My Blog: arup.blogspot.com
My Tweeter: arupnanda

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