Scribd
Upload
48 views24 pages

DC Motors: SEE 3433 Electrical Machines

This document discusses DC motors and methods of speed control. It describes three types of DC motors: shunt, separately excited, and series. It then discusses speed control methods for shunt motors, including varying the armature voltage, field flux, and armature resistance. Armature voltage control allows retaining maximum torque capability from 0 to the base speed, above which field flux reduction is used for constant power operation. Problems with field flux control via armature current are also noted. Separately excited DC motors are introduced as having independent control of armature and field voltages.

Uploaded by

mahirahmuslihah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views24 pages

DC Motors: SEE 3433 Electrical Machines

This document discusses DC motors and methods of speed control. It describes three types of DC motors: shunt, separately excited, and series. It then discusses speed control methods for shunt motors, including varying the armature voltage, field flux, and armature resistance. Armature voltage control allows retaining maximum torque capability from 0 to the base speed, above which field flux reduction is used for constant power operation. Problems with field flux control via armature current are also noted. Separately excited DC motors are introduced as having independent control of armature and field voltages.

Uploaded by

mahirahmuslihah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

DC MOTORS

SEE 3433
ELECTRICAL MACHINES

DC MOTOR

- Shunt motors
- Separately excited
- Series (well look briefly)

DC MOTORS

DC MOTOR

+ -

+ -

DC motor

DC MOTOR
+
Va
-

Load torque opposing


the motor torque

+
Vf
+ -

+ Tm

Tload

DC motor
Mechanical Load: fans,
blowers, Compressors,

DC MOTOR
+
V
-

+
V
+ -

+ Tm

Tload

DC motor

F = mg

DC MOTOR
Hoist

DC MOTOR

- Some applications require the control the speed


- Some applications require the control the torque
- In order to control the torque or speed we need to know the T-
characteristics of the motor and the mechanical load

Intersections between the two characteristics will


determine the operating point

DC MOTOR
Shunt motor
If

Vt = IaRa + Ea

It

Rcf

Ia
Ra

Vt

I t = Ia + I f
Ea = k
Te = kIa

Rcw
Te

Tload
Mechanical
load

k = Vt - IaRa

Vt IaR a
k

Vt
Ra

T
2 e
k (k )

Three possible methods of speed control:


Field flux
Armature voltage Vt
Armature resistance Ra

Vt
Ra

T
2 e
k (k )

Vt
kT

Vt
R T
a e2
k T k T
Varying Vt

TL

Vt

Te
Requires variable DC supply

Vt
kT

Vt
R T
a e2
k T k T
Varying Vt

TL

Vt

Te
Requires variable DC supply

Vt (k T )

R a Te
k T
Varying Vt

TL

Constant TL

Te
Requires variable DC supply

Vt (k T )
Vt

R a Te
k T

Vt (k T ) Ia R a

Vt,rated

Varying Vt
Constant TL

Ia R a
base

Introduction

Vt
R T
a e2
k T k T
Varying Ra

Vt
kT

TL

Ra

Te
Simple control
Losses in external resistor

Vt
kT

Vt
R T
a e2
k T k T
Varying
TL

Te
Not possible for PM motor
Maximum torque capability reduces

Method of speed control in DC motor drives


Armature voltage control : retain maximum torque capability
Field flux control (i.e. flux reduced) : reduce maximum torque capability
For wide range of speed control
0 to base armature voltage, above base field flux reduction
Armature voltage control
Field flux control

Te
Maximum
Torque capability

base

Te
Maximum
Torque capability

base

P Te

Constant torque

Constant power

Pmax

base
0 to base armature voltage,
P = EaIa,max = kaIa,max

above base field flux reduction


Pmax = EaIa,max = kabaseIa,max
1/

0 to base armature voltage,

above base field flux reduction

0 to base armature voltage,

If
Rcf

above base field flux reduction

It
+

Ia
Ra

Rcw

Vt

BUT there are problems !

0 to base armature voltage,

If
Rcf

above base field flux reduction

It
+

Ia
Ra

Rcw

Vt

Controlling Vt will also affect If


Controlling If via Rcf caused losses I2R

0 to base armature voltage,

above base field flux reduction

Separately Excited DC motor

DC supply
for armature

What if we have an AC supply ?

DC supply
for field

3-phase AC
source

Separately Excited DC motor

AC to DC
converter

+
Vdc

+
Vdc

Armature voltage control

AC to DC
converter

Field voltage control

You might also like