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DERIVATIVES

[MONOTONIC, TANGENT & NORMAL, EXTREMUM, THEOREMS, ERROR ]

By:- Nishant Gupta

For any help contact:

9953168795, 9268789880

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DERIVATIVES

Application of Derivatives
TANGENT & NORMAL
We find tangent & normal at particular point on the curve. As these are straight lines,
so equation is

of the form y y1 = m (x x1) ( Point slope form )

dy
at (x1, y1) is slope of tangent at the point
dx
So slope of normal is

We write it as dy / dxx ,y ]
1

dx
at (x1, y1)
dy
dy
x x1

dx x1,y1

Equation of TANGENT at (x1, y1) is

y y1 =

& Equation of NORMAL is

dx
x x1
y y1 =
dy x1,y1

ANGLE between 2 curves

Its angle between tangents to the curves at their point of intersection.

dy
dy
Let (x1, y1) be the point of intersection of curves so slopes are m1
& m2
dx x1 , y1
dx x1 , y1
for 1st and 2nd curves respectively.

tan 1

m1 m 2
1 m1m 2

Some important additional concepts

Let ( x , y ) be point on any curve , y = dy / dx
(i) Length of tangent is

y 1 y 2
y

(ii) Length of sub tangent is y/ y

(iii) Length of normal is y 1 y 2

(iv) Length of sub normal is y y

MONOTONIC FUNCTIONS :
(Increasing or Decreasing function)
A function y = f(x) is said to be increasing if its value increases with increase in value of x & decreases
with decrease in value of x. A function is said to be decreasing if its value increases with decrease in
value of y.

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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(a) If f(x) > 0 for all value of x S

( S being subset of R) then f(x) is increasing in S

(b) If f(x) < 0 for all value of x S

( S being subset of R) then f(x) is decreasing in S

(c) If f(x) > 0 for all value of x (a, b) then its increasing in [a, b]
(d) If f(x) < 0 for all value of x (a, b) then its increasing in [a, b]
ROLLEs theorem
If f(x) is a function such that
(a) Its continuous in [a, b]
(b) Its differentiable in (a, b)
(c) f (a) = f (b)

then there exists at least one c (a, b) such that

f(c) = 0

LAGRANGEs Mean value theorem

If conditions (a) & (b) of Rolles theorem are satisfied then there exists
at least one c (a, b) such that

f (c) =

f (b) f (a )
ba

Note (a)Every differentiable function is always continuous though converse may not be true.
(a) Every polynomial is always differentiable.
(b) |x a | not differentiable at x = a
MAXIMA AND MINIMA
1.

First derivative method for extreme values.

Let f(x) be the function of which extreme values are to be studied. The following steps are followed :
(i) f (x) is differentiated and the equation f '(x) = 0 is solved to get the critical values for f(x).
(ii) The critical values are arranged in ascending order of magnitude.
(iii) The sign of f '(x) is studied in the immediate neighbourhood of critical values.
(iv) If for a particular critical value x = a, the sign of f '(x) changes from -ve to +ve as x increases through
x = a, then f (a) is a local minimum value.
(v) If for a particular critical values x = a, the sign off'(x) changes from + ve to ve as x increases
through
x = a, then f(x) is a local maximum value.
(vi) If for a particular critical values x = a, the sign of f '(x) is not changed as x increases through x = a,
then f (a) is neither a local minimum value nor local maximum value.

2.

Second derivative method for extreme values.

Let f(x) be the function whose extreme values are to be studied. The following steps are followed
(i) The function f(x) is differentiated and the equation f '(x) = 0 is solved to get the critical values for f
(x).
(ii) The critical values are arranged in ascending order of magnitude.
(iii) The value of f "(x) is studied at the critical values.
(iv) For a particular critical value

x = a,

(a) f "( a) > 0

then f(a) is a local minimum value.

(b) f "(a) < 0

then

f(a) is a local maximum value.

(c) f "(a) = 0 or then The test fails and the first derivative test is to be followed .

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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ASSIGNMENT
DERIVATIVES

5.

MONOTONIC
1.

If f|(x) = g(x) (x a)2, where g(a) 0 and g is

continuous at x = 1, then
(a) f is increasing in neighborhood of a if
g(a) < 0
(b) f is increasing in neighborhood of a if g(a)
>0

6.

(c) f is decreasing in neighborhood of a if

g(a) > 0
7.

(d) None of these

2.

If f and g are two decreasing functions such

that gof exists, then
(a) gof is an increasing function.
(b) gof is a decreasing function.
(c) gof is neither increasing nor decreasing.

8.

(d) N/T
3.

The function f(x) = 3 sin x cos x will

increase monotonically in the interval (s)
(a) 0 x
(b)

9.

2
5
8
x
and
x
3
3
3
3

(c) 0 < x <

10.

(d) None of these

4.

The length of longest interval in which the

function 3sinx 4sin3x increasing is
(a)
(c)

3
3
2

(b)

(a) 1 < x < 3

(b) 0 < x < 3/2

(c) - < x < 0

(d) 0 < x <

log cos x is increasing in

(a) ( 0,/2)

(b) ( /2 , )

(c) ( 0, /4 )

(d) N/T

If y = f ( x ) be monotonically increasing or
deceasing function of x & M is median of
variable x , then median of y is
(a) f ( M )

(b) M/2

(c) f -1 ( M )

(d) N/T

If the function f (x) = sinx - cos x - ax + b

decreases along the entire scale, the values of
a is given by :
(a) a 2

(b) a < 2

(c) 1 a

(d) a < 1

If the function f (x) = cos |x| - 2 ax + b

increases along the entire scale, the values of
a is given by :
(a) a b

(b) a = b/2

(c) a -1/2

(d) a -3/2

Interval in which x3 increases more faster

than
6x2 + 15x + 5 is

(d)

f(x) = x2(x 3)2 increases for values of x lying

in the interval

11.

(a) (-1,5)

(b) (-5 ,1)

(c) (- ,-1)

(d) (-1,5)U(5, )

x2e-x

increases if x ?

(a) (- , )

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(b) (-2, 0)

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(c) (2, )
12.

(a) 2

(b) tan-1 4 / 3

(b) log (1 + x) < x

4 2

(c) tan-1

(d) None of these

For all x (0, 1):

(a) ex < 1 + x
(c) sin x > x

13.

(d) N/T

x3

ax2

+ bx + 5

(d) loge x > x.

sin2x

is increasing on R then

(a) a2 3b 15 > 0

(b) a2 3b + 15 < 0

(c) a2 3b + 15 > 0

(d) a > 0, b > 0

23.

TANGENT & NORMAL

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

The point on the curve y = 6x x2 where the

tangent is parallel to x-axis is
(a) (0,0)

(b) (2, 8)

(c) 6, 0

(d) ( 3,9)

The curve y exy + x = 0 has a vertical tangent

at the point

24.

1,x3 3xy2 + 5 = 0 & 3x2y y3 7 = 0 cut at

(a) /2

(b) /4

(c) /3

(d) 0o

x2 +ky = 7 & x3 = y cut orthogonally at (1,1)

then k is
(a) 1

(b) -6

(c) 6

(d) 0

x 2 y2
x 2 y2
=1 cut

1
and

a 2 b2
l2 m2
each other orthogonally then
If the curve

(a) 1, 1

(b) at no point

(a) a2 + b2 = l2 + m2 (b) a2 b2 = l2 m2

(c) 0, 1

(d) 1, 0

(c) a2 b2 = l2 + m2 (d) a2 + b2 = l2 m2

If the tangent to the curve xy + ax + by = 0 at

(1, 1) is inclined at an angle tan-1 2 with x
axis , then :
(a) a = 1, b = 2

(b) a = 1, b = - 2

(c) a = - 1, b = 2

(d) a = - 1, b = -2
y2

If the tangent at (1, 1) on = x (2

the curve again at P, then P is :
(a) (4, 4)

(b) (-1, 2)

9 3
(c) ,
4 8

(d) N/T

x)2

meets

25.

26.

The normal to the curve x = a (1 + cos), y = a

sin at always passes through the fixed
point:
(a) (a, 0)

(b) (0, a)

(c) (0, 0)

(d) (a, a)

The equation of a curve is y = f (x), the

tangents at [ 1, f (1)], [2, f(3)] and [3, f(3)]

make angles , and respectively with the

6 3
4
positive direction of the x axis, the value of
3

Equation of normal to x + y =
x-axis is

xy

where it cuts

(a) y 1 = 0

(b) x + y = 0

(c) x + y 1 = 0

(d) x - y - 1 = 0

(b) x 1 = 0

(c) x + y 1 = 0

(d) x - y + 1 = 0

(a)

(c) 0

(d) none of these.

EXTREMUM
27.

If A>0, B>0 and A+B =

For the parabola y2 = 4ax, the ratio of the sub

tangent to the abscissa is

value of tan A tan B is

(a)1:1

(b)2:1

(a)

(c) x : y

(d) x2 : y

The angle of intersections of the curves y = 4

x2 and y = x2 is

(b)

The equation of the tangent to the curve

y = (2x 1) e2 (1 x ) at the point of maximum
is :
(a) y 1 = 0

f ' x f " x dx f " x dx is equal to :

1
3

(c) 3

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

, then the maximum

3

(b)
(d)

1
3

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28.

29.

If f (x) = ( x a ) 2 n ( x b )2 m +1
natural no. then x =a is point of

37.

(b) maximum

min. at x = ?

(c) neither

(d) cannot say

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 3

sinx a
has no extremum for integer k if
sinx b

Let f(x) = (x
a:

38.

(b) b -a k

(c) b -a = 2k

(d) N/T
1)4

(x 2)n n N. Then f(x) has

39.

(a) max. at x = 1 if n is odd.

(b) Max. at x = 1 if n is even

33.

34.

Maximum & minimum of x3 6x2 + 9x

[ 0 , 6 ] are

(c) -1/5

(d) none of these.

A cubic f (x) vanishes at x = - 2 and has

relative minimum / maximum at x = -1 and

(a)

in

x3

x2

f (x)dx 3 . Then f (x) is :

14

(b) x3 + x2 x + 1

(c) x3 + x2 x + 2

(d) x3 + x2 x 2

Maximum of sin ( sin 3x + 4 sin 3 x ) is

Let f (x) and g(x) be differentiable for 0 x

1, such that f (0) = 2, g (0) = f (1) = 6. Let there
exist a real number c in [0, 1] such that f (c),
then the value of g (1) must be :

(a) sin 3

(b) sin ( 3 /2 )

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) sin( 1/2 )

(d) 1

(c) - 2

(d) 1

(a) 3,4

(b) 0,6

(c) 0,3

(d) 3,6

2/x + x/2 has local maximum at x =

40.

(a) 2

(b) -2

The greatest distance of the point P (10, 7)

from the circle x2 + y2 4x 2y 20 = 0 is:

(c) 1

(d) N/T

(a) 10

(b) 15

(c) 5

(d) N/T

F( x ) = 1 + 3x2 + 32 x4 + .. .. + 330 x60 then it

has

41.

42.

(b) atleast one minimum

36.

(b) 5

(a) atleast one maximum

35.

(a) 1/5

x = 1/3 such that

(d) N/T

32.

The value of a for which the difference of the

roots of the equation ax2 + (a 1) x + 2 = 0 is
minimum is given by :

(c) Neither max. nor mini. At x =1 for odd n

31.

f(x) = t (e t 1)( t 1)( t 2) 3 ( t 5) 5 dt has local

(a) minimum

(a) b -a = k
30.

m,n are

If minimum value of f(x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 is

greater than maximum value of g(x) = - x2
2cx + b2, then for x is real:

(c) exactly 1 maximum

(a) | c| > | b |

(d) exactly 1 minimum

(c) 0 < c <

2 b

The graph of

f(x)=x5/20x4

For ( x-4)4 ( x- 3 )3 point of inflexion is x = ?

(a) 4

(b) 3

(c) 4/7

(d) N/T

43.

(b) |c|

2 >b

(d) no real value of a.

/12+ 5

(a) No relative extreme, and has only one

point of inflexion.

If f ( x ) = (4sin2 x 1) n (x2 - x + 1 ) , n N
has local maximum at x = /6 then n

(b) two relative maximas , one relative

minimum, and two points of inflexion.

(a) can be any odd number

(c) one relative maximas , one relative

minimum, and only one point of inflexion.
(d) one relative maximas , one relative
minimas, and two points of inflexions

(b) can only be any odd prime number

(c) can be any even number
(d) can only be any multiple of 4

THEOREMS

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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44.

If f ( x ) satisfies Rolles theorem in [ 3, 5]

then

52.

x3 3x + k = 0 has 2 different roots in

f ( x )dx is

( 0 , 1 ) , are

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

(a) 0

(b) -4 / 3

(a) 3

(c) 2

(d) -1

(c) infinite

The function f (x) = x (x + 3)e- x/2 satisfy all

conditions of Rolles theorem in the interval
[ -3, 0]. Then the value of c =

53.

(b) 2
(d) No such k is possible

Let
+
+ x = 0 has positive root .
Then 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2x+1 = 0 has positive
root , where
ax4

bx3

+x2

(a) 2

(b) 1

(a) <

(b) =

(c) 0

(d) 2

(c) >

(d) =2

If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at

least one root in
(a) (0, 1)

(b) (1, 2)

(c) (2, 3)

(d) N/T

The equation 3x2 + 4ax + b = 0 has atleast one

root in (0, 1) if :

54.

If there is error k % in measuring edge of a

cube then error in its surface
(a) 3k %

(b) k/2 %

(c) 2k %

(d) N/T

(a) b = 0, a = - 4/3

(b) 4a + b + 3 =0

If rate of change in circumference of a circle is

0.3 cm/ sec, then the rate of change in the
area of the circle when the radius is 5 cm is :

(c) 2a + b + 1 = 0

(d) None of these.

(a) 1.5 sq. cm/sec

(b) 0.5 sq. cm/sec

(c) 5 sq. cm/sec

(d) 3 sq. cm/sec

x a log e x ; x 0
=
. Rolles
; x0

0
theorem is applicable for x [0, 1]. If =
Let f (x)

55.

56.

Let f ( x + y ) = f (x) + f (y) x , y R.

Suppose that f (6) = 5 and f (0) = 1, then f
(6) is

(a) - 2

(b) - 1

(a) 1

(b)30

(c) 0

(d)

(c) 25

(d) N/T

Rolles theorem holds for the function

x3 + bx2 + cx, 1 x 2 at the point 4/3
values of b and c are :

57.

Let f (x) be twice differentiable on [1, 3], and

let f(1) = f(3). Further if |f (x) | 2, then for
all x in [1, 3]:

(a) b = 8, c = - 5

(b) b = - 5, c = 8

(a) 1 f(x) 1

(b) 4 <f(x) < 4

(c) b = 5, c = - 8

(d) b = - 5, c = - 8

(c) | f(x) | > 2

(d) | f(x) | < 4.

Let f(x) = ( x-4 ) ( x-5 ) ( x-6 ) ( x-7)

then f (x) =0 has

58.

(b)three roots in (4,5) (5,6) (6,7)

(c) three roots in (3,4) (4,5) (6,7)
(d) only one root
Let f(x) satisfy the requirements of Lagranges
Mean Value Theorem in [0,2]. If f(0) = 0 and
|f (x) | 1 / 2 , for all x in [0, 2], then:

Largest interval for which

x12 x9 + x4 x + 1 > 0 is

(a) four roots

51.

Number of values of k for which

59.

(a) , o

(b) (-1, 1)

(c) (- 100, 100)

(d) N/T

The solution set of f(x) > g(x) where

1
f(x) = 5 2x 1 and g(x) = 5x + 4x log 5 is
2

(a) f(x) 2

(a) (0, )

(b) [0, )

(b) | f(x)| 1

(c) (0, 1)

(d) (1, )

(c) f (x) = 2x
(d) f(x) = 3, for at least one x in [0, 2].

60.

Number of real roots of 3x 5 + 15x- 8 = 0 is

(a) 1

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(b) 2

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(c) more than 2

(d) N/T

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880