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ECE 455: Optical Electronics: Homework 4 Solutions 1 Lineshape I

This document provides solutions to homework problems about lineshapes in optical electronics. 1) It calculates the natural linewidth and Doppler broadening of an atomic transition at room temperature. The natural linewidth must increase for the two broadenings to be equal. This requires a much shorter lifetime for the upper level. 2) It finds the lineshape function for a transition between two atomic levels. The lineshape function is related to the stimulated emission cross section through a Jacobian transformation involving the wavenumber and frequency. It then calculates the absorption cross section using properties of the atomic states.

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74 views

ECE 455: Optical Electronics: Homework 4 Solutions 1 Lineshape I

This document provides solutions to homework problems about lineshapes in optical electronics. 1) It calculates the natural linewidth and Doppler broadening of an atomic transition at room temperature. The natural linewidth must increase for the two broadenings to be equal. This requires a much shorter lifetime for the upper level. 2) It finds the lineshape function for a transition between two atomic levels. The lineshape function is related to the stimulated emission cross section through a Jacobian transformation involving the wavenumber and frequency. It then calculates the absorption cross section using properties of the atomic states.

Uploaded by

tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 455: Optical Electronics

Homework 4 Solutions
1

Lineshape I

(a) The homogenous linewidth, which in this example consist totally of natural broadening, has
contributions from both the upper and lower levels:
natural

1
=
2

0 =

1
1
+
1 2

1
=
2

1
1
+
= 68.97M Hz
8
10 s 3 109 s


E
0.5eV 1.602 1019 J/eV
=
= 1.209 1014 s1
h
6.626 1034 J s
8kT ln2
M c2

doppler =

!1/2

For
natural = doppler
we have:
natural
T =
0


2

M c2
=
8kln2

6.897 107 s1
1.209 1014 s1

!2

20 3.321 1027 kg (3 108 m/s)


= 12.69K
8 1.38 1023 J/K ln2

(b) In order for the natural broadening to be equal to the Doppler broadening at room temperature,
the natural linwidth must increase. This requires a much shorter lifetime for level 2 since the
linewidth of the transition scales inversely with lifetime.
8kT ln2
M c2

doppler =

1
2

!1/2

0 =

8 1.38 1023 J/K 300K ln2


20 1.67 1027 kg (3 108 m/s)2

1
1
+
9
3 10 s 2

!1/2

1.2091014 s1 = 3.354108 Hz

= 3.354 108 Hz 2 = 5.637 1010 s

Lineshape II

(a) First we need to find the center frequency of the transition. Looking at the energy diagram, we
see:
0 = 18340cm1 2627cm1 = 15713cm1
Now use the fact that:

g(
) d
=1

to find the constant K. Here g(


) represents the lineshape function with wavenumber arguments.
Z
0

1
K 1
K
1
g(
) d
= 1cm1
+ 3cm1
+ K + 1cm1 K = 1
2
3
2
3
2


K = 3/8cm1
1

This is great, but g(


) does not have the correct units to place into stimulated emission formula.
We have to relate g(
) to g(), the lineshape function with frequency as its argument. This is
accomplished through a Jacobian transformation. Note that
= c

or
d = cd

which implies
g()d = c
g ((
))d

therefore
K = 3/8cm1 = 1.25 1011 s
(0 ) = A21

2
2
1 (636.4nm)
g(
)
=
10s
1.25 1011 s = 2.01 1020 cm2
0
2
2
8n
8 1

(b) Looking in the book we find:


g1 B12 = g2 B21
With not much creative substitutions one may find that
g1 abs = g2 SE
The degeneracy of an atomic state with a total spin quantum number J is 2J+1. Hence
abs =

3
g2
SE = 2.01 1020 cm2 = 1.21 1020 cm2
g1
5

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