Physical Science Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify
10 the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

15

____ 1.
When an unbalanced force acts on an object,
a the objects motion does not change.
c the weight of the object decreases.
.
.
b the object accelerates.
d the inertia of the object increases.
.
.

____ 2.
a energy.
.
b force.
.

Work is a transfer of

____ 3.
a force
.
b mass
.

What is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance?

c
.
d
.

mass.
motion.

25

30

35

____ 4.
The energy of motion is called
a kinetic energy.
.
b potential energy.
.

c
.
d
.

thermal energy.
work.

40

____ 5.
Which of the following is an example of an object with elastic potential energy?
a a wind-up toy that has been wound up
.
b a compressed basketball

.
c
.
d
.

a stretched rubber band

____ 6.
Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moons surface less
than its potential energy 1 meter above Earths surface?
a The objects mass is less on the moon.
.
b The objects weight is more on the moon.
.
c The objects acceleration due to gravity is less on the moon.
.
d both a and c
.
10

15

____ 7.
Which of the following increases when an object becomes warmer?
a chemical energy
.
b elastic potential energy
.
c nuclear energy
.
d thermal energy
.

20

____ 8.
The energy stored in gasoline is
a chemical energy.
c
.
.
b electromagnetic energy.
d
.
.

mechanical energy.
nuclear energy.

25

____ 9.
Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy?
a chemical
c nuclear
.
.
b electromagnetic
d thermal
.
.
30

____ 10.
Nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of energy?
a chemical
c geothermal
.
.
b electrical
d mechanical
.
.
5

____ 11.
Which of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy?
a Energy cannot be created.
.
b Energy cannot be destroyed.
.
c Energy can be converted from one form to another.
.
d all of the above
.
10

15

____ 12.
The mechanical energy of an object equals its
a chemical energy plus its nuclear energy.
.
b kinetic energy plus its potential energy.
.
c nuclear energy.
.
d thermal energy.
.

25

Figure 15-1

____ 13.
a A and B.
.
b A and C.
.

The kinetic energy of the pendulum bob in Figure 15-1 increases the most between locations
c B and D.
.
d C and D.
.

10

15

____ 14.
Based on your knowledge of energy conservation, which of the following statements is true?
a Manufacturers can increase a light bulbs energy efficiency by using technology that
. increases the amount of electromagnetic energy the bulb converts from a given amount
of electrical energy.
b Energy can be conserved by turning off lights when they are not in use.
.
c both a and b
.
d neither a nor b
.

20

Completion
Complete
25 each statement.

30

15.

Energy of an object increases when ____________________ is done on the object.

16.

If the ____________________ of an object doubles, its kinetic energy doubles.

17.

Energy that is stored due to position or shape is called ____________________ energy.

35

45

50

18.
When a pole-vaulter flexes the pole, the pole-vaulter increases the poles
____________________ potential energy.

19.
You can calculate an objects gravitational potential energy by using the equation
____________________.

20.
The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of an object is called its
____________________ energy.
15

20

21.
All energy can be considered as kinetic energy, ____________________ energy, or the
energy in fields.

25

22.

Wind turbines convert ____________________ energy into electrical energy.

23.
The process of changing energy from one form to another is called energy
____________________.
35

40

24.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed is a statement of the law of
_________________________.

45

25.

Turning off unused lights or appliances is an example of energy ____________________.

26.

What are the two general types of energy that can be used to classify many forms of energy?

Short Answer
55

60

65

27.
Sled A (with its riders) has twice the mass of Sled B (with its riders). If both sleds have the
same kinetic energy, which sled is moving faster? Explain your answer.

28.

In what two ways can you increase the elastic potential energy of a spring?

29.

What energy conversion takes place as an arrow is shot from a bow?

10

15

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

30

35

Figure 15-2

30.

Classifying What form of energy does the compressed spring have in Figure 15-2?

10

31.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 15-2, how has the kinetic energy of the block changed
between A and B?

20

Figure 15-3
25

30

32.
Interpreting Graphics At what location in Figure 15-3 does the ball have the least
gravitational potential energy?

35

33.
Comparing and Contrasting Compare the gravitational potential energy of the ball at
locations B and E shown in Figure 15-3. Explain your answer.

Physical Science Study Guide

MULTIPLE CHOICE
10

15

1.

ANS: B

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 12.1.2 Explain how the motion of an object is affected when balanced and unbalanced forces act on it.
20

2.

ANS: A

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

25

OBJ: 15.1.1 Describe the relationship between work and energy.

STA: PS GLE 36

35

3.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.1.1 Describe the relationship between work and energy.

STA: PS GLE 36

4.

ANS: A

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

50

OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

5.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

60

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

6.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39
5

7.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

10

OBJ: 15.1.5 Give examples of the major forms of energy and explain how each is produced.
STA: PS GLE 39
15

8.

ANS: A

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

20

OBJ: 15.1.5 Give examples of the major forms of energy and explain how each is produced.
STA: PS GLE 39
25

9.

ANS: A

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

30

OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.

STA: PS GLE 39 | PS GLE 40

40

10.

ANS: B

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.

STA: PS GLE 39 | PS GLE 40

11.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

55

OBJ: 15.2.2 State and apply the law of conservation of energy.

65

12.

ANS: B

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.2.3 Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy
and solve equations that equate initial energy to final energy.
70

STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 38 | PS GLE 40

13.

ANS: B

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

10

OBJ: 15.2.3 Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy
and solve equations that equate initial energy to final energy.
15

STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 38 | PS GLE 40

20

14.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.3.3 Describe ways to conserve energy resources.

COMPLETION
30

35

15.

ANS: work

40

PTS: 1
45

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.1.1 Describe the relationship between work and energy.

50

16.

ANS: mass

55

60

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39
65

70

17.

ANS: potential

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39
10

15

18.

ANS: elastic

20

PTS: 1

25

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

30

19.

ANS: PE = mgh

35

PTS: 1
40

45

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.1.4 Solve equations that relate an objects gravitational potential energy to its mass and height.
STA: SAI GLE 5
20.

PTS: 1

ANS: mechanical

DIF: L1

55

OBJ: 15.1.5 Give examples of the major forms of energy and explain how each is produced.
STA: PS GLE 39
21.

ANS: potential

65

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

70

OBJ: 15.1.5 Give examples of the major forms of energy and explain how each is produced.

STA: PS GLE 39
5

22.
10

ANS:

kinetic or
mechanical

15

PTS: 1
20

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.

25

23.

ANS: conversion

30

35

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.

STA: PS GLE 39 | PS GLE 40

24.

ANS: conservation of energy

PTS: 1
DIF: L1
STA: PS GLE 39 | PS GLE 40

OBJ: 15.2.2 State and apply the law of conservation of energy.

55

60

25.

ANS: conservation

65

PTS: 1

70

SHORT ANSWER

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.3.3 Describe ways to conserve energy resources.

26.

ANS:

kinetic energy and potential energy

15

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39
20

25

27.

ANS:

Sled B; it has less mass.

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

35

OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39
40

28.

ANS:

45

Stretch it or compress it.

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

55

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

29.

ANS:

65

The elastic potential energy of the bent bow and string is converted into kinetic energy of the arrow.

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.2.3 Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy
and solve equations that equate initial energy to final energy.
10

STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 38 | PS GLE 40

OTHER
20

30.

ANS:

25

elastic potential energy

PTS: 1

DIF: L1

35

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

31.

ANS:

45

The blocks kinetic energy has increased.

PTS: 1
55

DIF: L1

OBJ: 15.2.3 Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy
and solve equations that equate initial energy to final energy.
STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 38 | PS GLE 40

60

65

32.

ANS:

PTS: 1

DIF: L2

10

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39

33.

ANS:

20

The gravitational potential energy of the ball is the same at both locations; the height is the same.
25

PTS: 1
30

DIF: L2

OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an objects position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy. STA: SAI GLE 5 | PS GLE 39