WINROCK

MinServ
By Rob Kanen BSc(Hons)

Kanen, Rob.
WinRock.
Bibliography.
ISBN 0 9756723 8 X.
1. WinRock (Computer file). 2. Rocks - Analysis - Computer
programs - Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Mineral Services
(Vic.). II. Title.
552.06028553

Copyright, 2004 by Rob Kanen, Published by MinServ

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
About WinRock ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
WinRock Features ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Getting Started ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Tutorial.................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 4
Getting To Know WinRock ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Plotting Data ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Entering Data ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Analyzing a Geochem File ..................................................................................................................................... 6
WinRock Menu System ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
File Menu................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Edit Menu ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Search Menu .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Modal Menu ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
GeoChem Menu..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Options Menu ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Tables Menu ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Plot Menu ................................................................................................................................................................ 26
The Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 28
File Formats ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Entering Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Sorting Data ............................................................................................................................................................ 31
Converting Data to XYZ ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Printing Data ........................................................................................................................................................... 31

The Diagrams ........................................................................................................................................................ 32

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
Bar Chart Options Window................................................................................................................................... 32
Classification Plot Options Window .................................................................................................................... 32
Discrimination Plot Options Window .................................................................................................................. 35
Log Plot Options Window ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Pie Chart Options Window ................................................................................................................................... 36
Spider Plot Options Window ................................................................................................................................ 37
Ternary Plot Options Window .............................................................................................................................. 39
XY Plot Options Window ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Plot Window ............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Geolbases.............................................................................................................................................................. 44
GeolBases Features................................................................................................................................................... 44
Getting Started ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
The WinRock Database............................................................................................................................................. 45
MinServ Mineral Database ....................................................................................................................................... 48
MinServ Rock Forming Minerals Database .............................................................................................................. 49
MinServ Economic Database .................................................................................................................................... 55
MinServ XRD Minerals Database.............................................................................................................................. 60
Backing Up and Editing Databases........................................................................................................................... 61
Software Support .................................................................................................................................................. 62
Classification Diagrams ......................................................................................................................................... 63
References ............................................................................................................................................................ 66

License Agreement
THIS IS A SINGLE COPY SOFTWARE LICENSE granted by MinServ (Mineral Services), (the
Company). The Software is licensed to you as the end user. It is not sold.
1.
The Software enclosed in this package is copyrighted material. Once you have paid the required
single copy license fee, you may use the Software for as long as you like provided you do not violate the
copyright and if you follow these simple rules:
(a)

You may use the Software on any computer for which it is designed so long as not more than
one (1) person uses it at any one time. You must pay for additional copies of the Software if more
than one (1) person will be using it at the same time on one (1) or more computers.

(b)

The Software is copy protected. You may make no more than one (1) copy of the Software for
backup purposes, and all such copies, together with the originals, must be kept in your
possession or control. You may only transfer the Software to another user if you transfer the
originals and all copies retaining no copies for yourself.

(c)

You may not make any changes or modifications to the Software, and you may not decompile,
disassemble, or otherwise reverse engineer the Software. You may not rent or lease it to others.
You may not use it on a computer network unless only one (1) person can use it at a time.

(d)

If this copy of the Software is an update to an earlier version of the Software, it is provided to you
on an exchange basis. The acceptance of an updated copy of the Software shall result in the
voluntary termination of your earlier License and of all rights to use or transfer the earlier version
of the Software to another.

2.
Use of this Software for business solicitations and/or mailings of any kind may be contrary to the
laws of Australia or other governments, or the rules and regulations of certain governing bodies, and the
Company disclaims any liability for any improper use or misuse of the Software.
3.
In no case shall the Company's liability exceed the price paid for the product and for the license
fee to use the Software.
4.
This License constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between the parties and
supersedes any prior agreement or understanding whether oral or written, relating to the subject of this
License. This License may only be modified by a written agreement signed by the Company.

WINROCK Mineral Services

Introduction
About WinRock
WinRock is a petrology/geochemistry and classification program for Windows. WinRock plots IUGS
igneous classification diagrams, including QAPF diagrams, plus sandstone, general purpose ternary and
XY diagrams. Each diagram contains separate Labeled fields corresponding to individual rock types with
rock names listed in separate tables. There are optional tick marks, labels, titles, fonts and fields, plus a
choice of symbols and colors. Data can be marked and Labeled using the drawing tools. There is a built
in spreadsheet with multiple document interface and clipboard support. .

WinRock Features
Built in Spreadsheet
WinRock has an inbuilt spreadsheet for entering and editing data. The spreadsheet reads and writes
tab delimited ASCII files, compatible with most spreadsheets and text editors. A number of other popular
formats including excel, csv, pdf and html are also supported.
Standard Classification Diagrams
A set of standard rock classification diagrams are included: carbonatite, charnockite, melilite volcanic,
melilite plutonic, QAPF general plutonic, QAPF general volcanic, PlagPxOl, PlagPxHbl, PlagOpxCPx,
OlOPxCPx, OlPxHbl, general sandstone, Arenites and Wackes.
A number of geochemical classification diagrams, including, TAS plutonic and volcanic, Jensen Cation
and tectonic classification plots are available.
CIPW Norms

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CIPW normative minerals for normal rocks can be calculated. Alkali norm for alkaline rocks and
carbonatites can be calculated.
Petrology Plots
Petrology diagrams, including harker, ternary and spider plot diagrams are included
Other Plots
A number of other plots, XY, Log, Ternary, Diamond and Bar Charts in 2D and 3D are included
Diagram Manipulation
Many options are available for plotting data. A choice of symbols, labels and diagram title is available
to customize the diagram
Printing
Print diagrams with all labels, titles, etc on any windows printer. Format the diagrams for printing,
including, size, margins, quality etc.

Getting Started
For both 32 and 64 bit CPUs. WinRock requires a minimum system configuration for effective results.
The system requirements are:
Windows 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7
Net Framework version (V8.0 or higher) requires Net Framework 4.0 or higher.
Devices supported by Windows
Printer supported by Windows.
For automatic installation, proceed as follows:
1.

Start Windows and place CD into CD Drive

2.
3.
4.

Go to the Run Option on the Start Menu and Click on Browse

Open (CDROM)D:
Install Net Framework 4

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5.
Install WinRock
6.
After Setup has concluded, you will get a [App] Setup was Completed Successfully
message.
7.
Go to the WinRock Menu and right click on WinRock. Select Properties and Run As
Administrator.
8.
To Start WinRock, go to the WinRock Menu and click on WinRock. Enter your registration
details in the Registration Window.
Installation will now proceed. The user will be notified when installation is complete. A new Start Menu
Item containing WinRock and WinRock HELP is created. Click on WinRock to start the program.

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Tutorial
Introduction
WinRock has a standard Windows interface, reducing the number of new procedures to learn. Before
starting the exercise, WinRock must be installed on the users hard drive and opened ready to use. See
Getting Started in the Introduction for information on how to install WinRock. A sample data file called
comrie.rok is provided for use with the tutorial exercise. If help is required, pull down the Help menu and
select Contents.

Getting To Know WinRock

To load the comrie.rok data file, click the Open toolbar button or select Open from the File menu. The
Open common Dialog box will pop up. Select comrie.rok in the winrock/data directory.

Hint:
Use the toolbar as a short cut to access some options.

Before proceeding with a plot, select a rock group from the Modal Menu. The user should set the
correct rock group. Pull down the Modal Menu and select General Plutonic QAP. The selected rock
group is displayed in the bottom left hand corner of the spreadsheet.

Plotting Data
Pull down the Options Menu and select Plot Classification. Select a QAP diagram and click the Plot
button. A ternary diagram of QAP will appear on a new form. When finished, click the OK button and you
will be returned to the Spreadsheet window.

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Entering Data
WinRock has its own built in spreadsheet but you may find it easier to use a spreadsheet or text editor
you are familiar with to enter your data. Select New from the File menu to start new data files. Pull down
the Modal Menu and select general plutonic QAP. The appropriate column headings are placed in the
spreadsheet. Data is entered in each cell by simply typing the value and pressing <enter>. Use the
scroll bars, arrow, page up and page down keys to navigate through the spreadsheet. To edit a cell,
press <enter> for the cell you want to edit and use the backspace/delete/insert keys to edit the text.
When finished editing press <enter> the new value will appear in the spreadsheet. Whole rows can be
inserted and deleted using the Insert Row and Delete Row toolbar buttons. Blank lines are not permitted
between data. Column headings are used for reading column data. Be sure a column heading
exists for each column of data in the spreadsheet, beginning with column 1 and ending with the
last column of data.
Enter the following data:
Sample #

Quartz

Al Felds

Plag

134223
134225
134226
134227

25
12
7
47

20
36
56
21

55
52
37
32

To edit a cell, go back to Row 2, Col 1 and press <enter>. Type 134224 to replace 134223 and press
<enter>.
When you have finished using the program, select Exit from the File menu.

Hint:
Use the mouse to navigate through the spreadsheet. Click a cell to change the
current cell or click on the scroll bars to display out of view data. To begin editing a cell,
double click the mouse or type a character.

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Analyzing a Geochem File

Open one of the data files containing whole rock chemical analyses from the winrock/data directory i.e.
basalt.rok or trace.rok. The data file contains a standard set of whole rock analyses. Compositional
variation diagrams and classification diagrams can be plotted to determine genetic and compositional
information about the samples. Open the GeoChem Menu and click on Total Analyses incl. H2O.
Various petrological indices are calculated and displayed in the spreadsheet. The mafic and felsic
indices and solidification index are calculated. Plotting Total Alkali and Oxides vs SiO2 i.e. Na2O+K2O
vs SiO2 may give information about genetically similar magmas. Select the Geochem Menu and click on
CIPW Norm wt%. A CIPW normative mineral assemblage with petrological indices is calculated. The
norms can be plotted on standard classification diagrams i.e. PlagPxOl to classify the rocks. In addition,
the AMF and QML indices can be plotted on Ternary diagrams to give genetic and compositional
information. Select the Geochem Menu and Chemical Classification. Select Classify Volcanic Rocks
from the Options Window and click on calculate. Data will automatically be classified and rocknames will
be placed in the spreadsheet.
The procedure for plotting a TAS diagram is as follows:
1. Load the Geochem Data into the spreadsheet or type in the data
- Use Add Whole Rock Headings or Convert from Geochem Menu for correct columns.
2. Define the columns containing the X and Y data
- TAS Diagrams Automatically Assign the appropriate columns using the current spreadsheet, provided
the data is in WinRock Whole Rock Chemistry Format.
3. Select Plot Classification from the Plot Menu
4. Select TAS-Volcanic in the Diagram List
- Accept all default values
5. Click on Plot
6. The TAS Diagram should be displayed
The procedure for plotting a QAP diagram is as follows:
1. Load Data into the spreadsheet or type in the data
- Use Add Modal Headings QAP from Modal Menu for correct columns.
2. Define the columns containing the X ,Y and Z data
Use Define Columns in the Options Menu
- Set X value to the column containing Q
-This is Column 5 for the default comrie.rok file supplied
-Set Y Column to the column containing A

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-This is Column 6 for the default comrie.rok file supplied.

-Set Z Column to the column containing P
-This is Column 7 for the default comrie.rok file supplied.
3. Select Plot Classification from the Plot Menu
4. Select QAP-Plutonic in the Diagram List
- Accept all default values
5. Click on Plot
6. The QAP Diagram should be displayed

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WinRock Menu System

Introduction
When WinRock is started the first screen displayed contains a spreadsheet and menu system. The
menu system provides access to all the features of WinRock. Standard Windows menu items; such as,
File, Edit and Help are included. Other menu items provide access to the specialized features of
WinRock.

File Menu
The File Menu provides many standard file management options.
New Command
Starts a new spreadsheet
Close Command
Closes the current spreadsheet.
Open Command
Provides access to the Open common dialog box. Opens a new file. Select the directory and file and
click OK. Clicking the Open toolbar button can also open a file.
Save Command
Saves a file to disk. The default filename is the current filename. The same result is obtained by
clicking the Save toolbar button.
Save As Command

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Saves a file to disk in a directory and filename specified by the user. A Save As Dialog box pops up for
the user to enter filename and directory path information.
Save As Command
Saves a file to disk in a directory and filename specified by the user. A Save As Dialog box pops up for
the user to enter filename and directory path information.
Import Command
Imports a text file. Select the type of file to import:
Space Delimited
Comma Delimited
Tab Delimited
Semi Colon Delimited
Fixed Width
Specify the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file to avoid importation of file
headings into the spreadsheet.
Page Setup Command
Specifies printer settings available to the user. Use this option to set various spreadsheet formatting
items.
Print Preview
Preview the spreadsheet to be printed fully formatted.
Print Command
Print the spreadsheet
Exit Command
Quits the application.

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Edit Menu
The Edit Menu provides access to several standard commands for editing the spreadsheet.
Undo Command
Undos the previous editing action in the spreadsheet.
Copy Command
Copies selected text in the spreadsheet to the clipboard without deleting. Highlight the text to be copied
by dragging the mouse or holding down the shift key and clicking cells. Highlighted text must be
contiguous. Select Copy to copy the selected text to the clipboard. Use Paste to paste text from the
clipboard to the spreadsheet. Use Cut to remove highlighted text from the spreadsheet to the clipboard.
Cut Command
Copies selected text from the spreadsheet to the clipboard and clears the highlighted area in the
spreadsheet. Highlight text to be cut by dragging the mouse or holding down the shift key and clicking
cells. Select Cut from the edit menu to transfer selected text to the clipboard. Use Paste to retrieve cut
text from the clipboard. Use Copy when you want to copy text to the clipboard without deleting the
highlighted text.
Paste Command
Retrieves text from the clipboard and pastes it into selected cells. Highlight cells that are to receive the
incoming text by dragging the mouse or holding down the shift key and clicking cells. Highlighted cells
must be contiguous. Select Paste from the Edit menu to transfer text from the clipboard to the
spreadsheet.. Any text that already exists in the highlighted cells will be replaced. If the number of
selected cells are fewer than will hold the clipboard text, the rightmost text from the clipboard will be
truncated to fit the selected cells. If the number of cells selected exceed the length of the clipboard text,
the remaining cells will be cleared. Use Copy and Cut to send text to the clipboard.
Sort Menu
The Sort Menu allows the user to sort data in the spreadsheet. A new window opens asking for the
column number to sort. Click on Sort to sort the spreadsheet.

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Search Menu
The Search Menu allows the user to find and replace user specified text.
Find Command
Finds a user specified search text in the spreadsheet. A pop up Search/Replace Dialog box prompts
the user for the search text. Enter the exact search text and click OK to proceed with the search.
Find Next Command
Repeats a search using the previous specified search text.
Replace Command
Provides access to the search/replace Dialog box for searching and replacing spreadsheet text. Select
from:
Replace All - replace all occurrences of the search text
with the specified replace text.
Replace - replaces contents of the current cell with the
specified replace text.

Modal Menu
This menu selects the type of modal diagram to be plotted and automatically places the appropriate
column headings into the spreadsheet. WinRock uses standard classification diagrams and tables. See
Literature References for publications dealing with rock classification. Modal mineralogy headings for
entering mineral modes will automatically be placed into the spreadsheet by clicking on the appropriate
rockgroup. Rocks can also be classified by calculation using the Calc Modal Classification Command.
The correct rockgroup must be selected and data entered properly for the calculation to work correctly.
Select from some of the following classification diagrams:
Carbonatites - CaO/MgO/FeO+Fe2O3+MnO chemical classification of carbonatites.
Charnockites - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase charnockites.
Melilite Plutonic - Melilite/Olivine/Clinopyroxene melilite plutonic rocks.

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Melilite Volcanic - Melilite/Olivine/Clinopyroxene melilite volcanic rocks

General Plutonic QAPF- Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids plutonic rocks.
General Plutonic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks.
General Plutonic FAP - Foid/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks.
Mafic PlagPxOl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Olivine mafic rocks.
Mafic PlagOpxCPx - Plagioclase/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene mafic rocks
Mafic Plag/Px/Hbl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Hornblende mafic rocks
Ultramafic Ol/OPx/CPx - Olivine/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene ultramafic rocks.
Ultramafic Ol/Px/Hbl - Olivine/Pyroxene/Hornblende ultramafic rocks.
Volcanic QAPF - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids volcanic rocks
Volcanic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks.
Volcanic FAP - Foids/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks.
General Sandstones - Quartz/Clay/Feldspar general sandstones.
Sandstones Arenites - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones <15% clay.
Sandstones Wackes - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones >15% clay.
Calc Modal Classification
Automatically classifies rocks using modal mineralogy and places the rocknames into the spreadsheet.
Select a rockgroup from the Modal Menu and click on Modal Classification to classify the rocks. This
option is only available for felsic, mafic and ultramafic plutonic, volcanic and charnockite rockgroups and
sandstones.
Add Headings
Adds mineral headings into the spreadsheet for plotting classification diagrams. For ternary
classification diagrams, each mineral corresponds to the X, Y or Z axis. Enter mineral data under the
appropriate heading to plot your diagram. Before plotting, ensure the spreadsheet columns are assigned
to the correct axes using the Define Columns Command in the Options Menu.
Modal Headings
Automatically places mineral headings into the spreadsheet for entering modal compositions.
Reports
Automatically loads a petrographic report template for routine petrographic analyses. The reports can
be used "as is" or customized to the users requirements. Reports can be saved or cut and pasted into

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spreadsheet applications for further formatting. Reports are also supplied already formatted in Excel '97
format. They are located in the winrock/templates directory.
Report Templates Supplied:
Igneous Rocks
Pyroclastic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Limestones
Ore Minerals

GeoChem Menu
Total Analyses Command
Calculates Totals for chemical analyses. Several Indices are also calculated:
Silica Grade Acid, Intermediate, Basic, Ultrabasic.
Acid >= 63%
Intermediate >=52% And <63%
Basic >= 45% And <52%
Ultrabasic >= 35% And < 45%
Na2O+K2O - Total Alkali
FeOt - Total Iron. Calculates Fe2O3/1.11134 + FeO and places it into the FeOt column.
Mg Ratio or Mg# - Atomic (Mg/Mg+Fe) * 100
Solidification Index (Kuno, 1959)) 100 * (MgO/(MgO+Fe2O3+FeO+Na2O+K2O))
Felsic Index - ((Na2O+K2O)/(Na2O+K2O+CaO)) * 100
Mafic Index - ((FeO+Fe2O3)/FeO+Fe2O3+MgO)) * 100
CMAS (Cox, Bell and Pankhurst (1979) -

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C = (CaO - 3.33 * P2O3 + 2 * Na2O + 2 * K2O) * 56.08

M = (Fe2O3 + MnO + NiO + MgO - TiO2) * 40.31
A = (Al2O3 + Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 + Na2O + K2O + TiO2) * 101.96
S = (SiO2 - 2 * Na2O - 2 * K2O) * 60.09
All in mol proportions of major oxides
Recalculated as %
Totals can be calculated with or w/o H2O and CO2 and with or w/o LOI (Loss on Ignition)
Recalc to a New Sum
Recalculates major element whole rock chemistry to a new user defined total
Convert
Selecting Convert from the Geochem Menu will start the spreadsheet conversion routine. The current
spreadsheet will be converted to WinRock whole rock spreadsheet format for use with WinRock's
Geochem functions. The spreadsheet conversion matches the column headings in your imported file to
WinRock whole rock headings to perform the conversion. As most geochem files use standard whole
rock chemistry and trace element abbreviations, conversion is usually not a problem
Add Headings Command
Adds chemical analysis or multi element headings into the spreadsheet
Each element is assigned to a specific column. For the calculations to work correctly, these columns
must be used as is, in their pre-defined format. The format has changed in V8.7 upwards, with some
additional trace elements added. Do not change the whole rock geochemistry headings. To convert your
file to Winrock format, select Convert from th3e Geochem Menu. For multi element geochemistry, the
text in the column headings can be changed to suit your analysis, but there must be the same number of
columns for the calculations (Totals) to work correctly.
The geochem columns are defined in the following format:
Col1: Sample #
Col2: Rockname
Col3: Symbol
Col4: Color
Col5: SiO2

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Col6: TiO2
Col7: Al2O3
Col8: Fe2O3
Col9: FeO
Col10: MnO
Col11: MgO
Col12: CaO
Col13: Na2O
Col14: K2O
Col15: P2O5
Col16: H2O+
Col17: H2OCo18: CO2
Co19: Other
Col20: ZrO2
Co21: Cr2O3
Col22: V2O3
Co23: NiO
Col24: CoO
Co25: BaO
Co26: SrO
Co27: Rb2O
Col28: F
Col 29: Cl
Col30: S
Col31: Total

For multi element geochemistry, the columns have the following format:
Col1: Sample #
Col2: Rockname
Col3: Symbol
Col4: Color
Col5: Au
Col6: Ag
Col7: As
Col8: Cr

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Col9: Cu
Col10: Fe
Col11: Hg
Col12: Mn
Col13: Mo
Col14: Ni
Col15: Pb
Col16: Pt
Col17: Sb
Co18: Sn
Col19: Ti
Co20: U
Col21: V
Co22: Zn
Col23: Zr
Col25: Total
Co26: LOI
Chemical Classification
Classifies rocks by calculating whole rock chemistry and normative minerals and places the rocknames
into the spreadsheet. Only available for plutonic and volcanic rocks. Select a Classification Scheme to
classify the rocks. The calculation uses the Classic CIPW norm. Normative mineral percentages are
calculated into volume % (approximating the mode) by dividing the weight% norm by the mineral density
and recalculating to 100%.
Enter the iron ratio for norms if required. Select Use Standard Values if a TAS classification is calculated.
This option uses standard Fe2O3 ratios for specific rocktypes, as listed under the Set Fe Ratio heading.
The spreadsheet can be slow to read large files. If this is the case, better performance can be obtained
by deleting unused columns (setting columns to empty). For example, when performing a chemical
classification on a whole rock chemistry file, it is possible to delete all trace element columns (trace
elements are not required in the calculation) before the operation to improve performance.
CIPW Norm (Classic) Command
Calculates CIPW normative minerals for normal igneous rocks in wt%, mole% or volume%. Calculations
performed in wt% sum to the water free total of the original analysis in wt%, equivalent to the original

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CIPW Norm; whereas, mol% sums to 100, following the method of Barth-Niggli's Molecular Norm
(Catanorm). For volume%, normative mineral percentages are calculated into volume % (approximating
the mode) by dividing the weight% norm by the mineral density and recalculating to 100%. If Adjust Fe
Ratio is selected, the CIPW Fe is proportioned according to this formula:
FE = Fe2O3 / 1.1113 + FeO: Fe2O3 = FE * FR * 1.1113: FeO = FE * (1 - FR)
Where:
FE = Total Fe
FR = Fe Ratio
See chemical classification for classifying volcanic rocks using norms and Fe Ratios of Le Bas and
Middlemost (1989). If Adjust FeRatio is not selected, the CIPW Fe uses the Whole Rock Analysis Fe2O3
and FeO in wt%
The following compositional factors are also calculated:
1. AMF - the ratio Na2O + K2O/MgO/FeOt (Irvine and Baragar, 1971)
2. QML - the ratio silica(Q)/mafic(M)/leucocratic(L) components (Johanssen, 1938)
3. Quartz/Albite/Orthoclase ratio if >70% felsic minerals are present
4. Differentiation Index of Thornton and Tuttle(1960)
DI= normative q + or + ab + ne + ks + lc
Larsen Index (Larsen, 1938 and Cox et al., 1979)
1/3SiO2 + K2O - FeO + MgO + CaO
Alkalinity Ratio (Wright, 1969)
(Al2O3 + CaO + Na2O + K2O)/(Al2O3 + CaO - Na2O - K2O)
If SiO2>50% and 1.0-K2O/Na2O<2.5 Then
(Al2O3 + CaO + 2Na2O)/(Al2O3 + CaO - 2Na2O)
CMAS (Cox, Bell and Pankhurst (1979) C = (CaO - 3.33 * P2O3 + 2 * Na2O + 2 * K2O) * 56.08
M = (Fe2O3 + MnO + NiO + MgO - TiO2) * 40.31
A = (Al2O3 + Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 + Na2O + K2O + TiO2) * 101.96
S = (SiO2 - 2 * Na2O - 2 * K2O) * 60.09
All in mol proportions of major oxides
Recalculated as %
Normative mineral abbreviations:
Q -quartz
ap -apatite
or - orthoclase
ab -albite

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an -anorthite
ne -nepheline
lc - leucite
kp - kaliophillite
hl - halite
ac - acmite
il - ilmenite
mt - magnetite
hm - hematite
tn - sphene
ru - rutile
ns - Na metasilicate
ks - K metasilicate
cs - dicalcsilicate
wo - wollastonite
ol - olivine
di - diopside
hy - hypersthene
pf - perovskite
c - corundum
CIPW Norm (IUGS) Command
Calculates the IUGS CIPW normative minerals in wt% or volume%. Wt% sums to the original analysis
total in wt%. For volume%, normative mineral percentages are calculated into volume % (approximating
the mode) by dividing the weight% norm by the mineral density and recalculating to 100%.
FE = Fe2O3 / 1.1113 + FeO: Fe2O3 = FE * FR * 1.1113: FeO = FE * (1 - FR)
Where:
FE = Total Fe
FR = Fe Ratio
See chemical classification for classifying volcanic rocks using norms and Fe Ratios of Le Bas and
Middlemost (1989). If Adjust FeRatio is not selected, the CIPW Fe uses the Whole Rock Analysis Fe2O3
and FeO in wt%
The following compositional factors are also calculated:
1. AMF - the ratio Na2O + K2O/MgO/FeOt (Irvine and Baragar, 1971)
2. QML - the ratio silica(Q)/mafic(M)/leucocratic(L) components (Johanssen, 1938)

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3. Quartz/Albite/Orthoclase ratio if >70% felsic minerals are present

4. Differentiation Index of Thornton and Tuttle(1960)
DI= normative q + or + ab + ne + ks + lc
Larsen Index (Larsen, 1938 and Cox et al., 1979)
1/3SiO2 + K2O - FeO + MgO + CaO
Alkalinity Ratio (Wright, 1969)
(Al2O3 + CaO + Na2O + K2O)/(Al2O3 + CaO - Na2O - K2O)
If SiO2>50% and 1.0-K2O/Na2O<2.5 Then
(Al2O3 + CaO + 2Na2O)/(Al2O3 + CaO - 2Na2O)
CMAS (Cox, Bell and Pankhurst (1979) C = (CaO - 3.33 * P2O3 + 2 * Na2O + 2 * K2O) * 56.08
M = (Fe2O3 + MnO + NiO + MgO - TiO2) * 40.31
A = (Al2O3 + Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 + Na2O + K2O + TiO2) * 101.96
S = (SiO2 - 2 * Na2O - 2 * K2O) * 60.09
All in mol proportions of major oxides
Recalculated as %
Normative mineral abbreviations:
Q - quartz
C - corundum
Z - zircon
or - orthoclase
ab - albite
an - anorthite
ne - nepheline
lc - leucite
kp - kaliophillite
hl - halite
nc - sodium carbonate
ac - acmite
ns - Na metasilicate
ks - K metasilicate
di - diopside
hy -hypersthene
wo - wollastonite
ol - olivine
cs - dicalcsilicate
cm - chromite

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hm - hematite
mt - magnetite
il - ilmenite
tn - sphene
pf - perovskite
ru - rutile
ap - apatite
hap - hydroxyapatite
fr - fluorite
pr - pyrite
cc - calcite
mag - Magnesite
sid - Siderite
H2O+
H2OOther
fsd - Final silica deficiency
P2O5+ - Excess P2O5
CO2+ - Excess CO2
Cr2O3+ - Excess Cr2O3
F+ - Excess F
Cl+ - Excess Cl
S+ - Excess S
Mg/Fe - 100MgO/MgO+FeO
SiUnd - Silica Undersaturation
Alkali-Carb Norm Command
Calculates normative minerals for strongly alkaline and carbonatite rocks in wt% or mole%. Suitable for
nephelinites, ijolites and carbonatites. The norm is derived from the alkali norm of Le Bas (1973).
Originally presented by McBirney et al. (1993). Calculations performed in wt% sum to the water free total
of the original analysis in wt%; whereas, mol% sums to 100. The additional chemical components CO2,
Cl, F, S, SO3, CR2O3 and ZRO2 are used in this calculation if available. If Adjust Fe Ratio is selected,
the CIPW Fe is proportioned according to this formula:
FE = Fe2O3 / 1.1113 + FeO: Fe2O3 = FE * FR * 1.1113:FeO = FE * (1 - FR)
Where:

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FE = Total Fe
FR = Fe Ratio
The Fe Ratio calculation used here follows that of Middlemost (1989). If Adjust FeRatio is not selected,
the CIPW Fe uses the Whole Rock Analysis Fe2O3 and FeO in wt%
Normative mineral abbreviations:
Q - quartz
ap - apatite
or - orthoclase
ab - albite
an - anorthite
ak - akermanite
mel - melanite
nc - sodium carbonate
kc - potassium carbonate
ma - magnesite
ba - baddeleyite
ge - gehlenite
cn - carnegieite
ne - nepheline
ka - kalsilite
lc - leucite
kp - kaliophyllite
hl - halite
th - thenardite
cc - calcite
ac - acmite
il - ilmenite
mt - magnetite
hm - hematite
tn - sphene
ru - rutile
zn - zircon
fl - fluorite
cm - chromite
ns - Na metasilicate
ks - K metasilicate

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wo - wollastonite
ol - olivine
di - diopside
hy -hypersthene
pf - perovskite
c - corundum
pr - pyrite
Adjust Fe Ratio Command
The ratio Fe3+/Total Fe. The Fe Ratio can be redefined using the Adjust Fe Ratio command. The Fe
Ratio is used for calculating CIPW norms. See chemical classification for classifying volcanic rocks using
norms and Fe Ratios of Le Bas and Middlemost (1989). Use the following values for some common
compositions:
Foidite 0.1 to 0.4
Picrite 0.15 to 2
Komatiite 0.15 to 2
Miemechite 0.15 to 2
Boninite 0.35 to 4
Picrobasalt 0.15
Basanite 0.2
Basalts 0.2
Basaltic Andesites 0.3
Andesites 0.35
Dacites 0.4
Tephrite 0.3
Phono-Tephrite 0.35
Tephri-Phonolite 0.4
Trachybasalt 0.3
Basaltic Trachyandesite 0.35
Trachyandesite 0.4
Rhyolites 0.5
Phonolite 0.5
Trachyte 0.5
FE = Fe2O3 / 1.1113 + FeO: Fe2O3 = FE * FR * 1.1113:FeO = FE * (1 - FR)
Where:

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FE = Total Fe
FR = Fe Ratio
If Adjust FeRatio is not selected, the CIPW Fe uses the Whole Rock Analysis Fe2O3 and FeO in wt%
Metamorphic Indices Command
Totals the chemical analyses and calculates Eskola's Metamorphic Indices ACF and A'KF
1. ACF - the ratio Na2O + K2O/CaO/FeO+MgO+MnO
Calculated as Follows:
A=Al2O3+Fe2O3-(Na2O+K2O)
C=CaO
F=FeO+MgO+MnO
1. A'KF - the ratio Na2O + K2O+CaO/K2O/FeO+MgO+MnO
Calculated as Follows:
A=Al2O3+Fe2O3-(Na2O+K2O+CaO)
K=K2O
F=FeO+MgO+MnO

Options Menu
The File Menu provides many standard file management options.
Define Columns Command
Defines which columns contain the XYZ data. A Dialog box prompts the user for columns containing
Sample #, Rockname, Symbol, Color, X Value, Y Value and Z Value. When the default data file format is
used, these correspond to columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. If a file using a different format is
imported, new values can be entered. For example, a file containing only XYZ data is imported. X Value,
Y Value and Z Value will be set to columns 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In this example, Sample #, Symbol
and Color can be left blank or assigned to empty columns. Whole Rock Chemistry use the predefined
WinRock whole rock chemistry spreadsheet format for some diagrams requiring calculations. These
diagrams are TAS-Volcanic, TAS-Plutonic, Tectonic Classification Diagrams and Spider Diagrams.

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Add XY Headings
This command selects a general XY diagram and places the appropriate column headings in to the
current spreadsheet. Axes titles can be specified in the Options Window by selecting Set XY Options.
Add Ternary Headings
This command selects a general ternary diagram and places the appropriate column headings in to the
current spreadsheet. Axes titles can be specified in the Options Window by selecting Set Ternary
Options.
Add Diamond Headings
This command selects a diamond diagram and places the appropriate column headings in to the
current spreadsheet. Axes titles can be specified in the Options Window by selecting Set Ternary
Options.
Normalize Command
Normalizes data in a specified column to a new user specified sum.
Format Command
Automatically formats numeric data in the spreadsheet. Specify the number of decimal points and click
on format to format data. Formatting only occurs in columns 5 to end.
Statistics Command
Calculates the maximum, minimum, median, mean and standard deviation of a group of samples. Enter
the spreadsheet column number containing the data to be analyzed. Click on calculate to calculate
statistics.
Colors Command
Provides access to the Colors Dialog box for selecting the symbol colors. Enter a color code in the
spreadsheet under the color column.

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Symbols Command
This command opens the Symbol window to view available symbols. Enter a symbol code in the
spreadsheet under the symbol column.
Auto Symbols Command
Automatically assigns a symbol to each data point when a diagram is plotted.
Assign Symbols Command
Automatically calculates a different symbol for each data point and places the symbol codes into the
spreadsheet under the Symbol column heading.
Convert to Coord Command
Converts modal mineralogy to XYZ coordinates as used by ternary diagrams.

Tables Menu
Displays standard rock classification and petrographic tables. The tables can be printed or displayed
on screen. They are useful to assist identifying groups of rocks and determining properties.
Tables:
Conglomerates
Dynamometamorphic
Lamprophyres
Limestones
Meteorites
Mudstones
Phosphorites
Pyroclastics
Ultramafics
Volcaniclastics
Petrographic Charts
Sedimentary grain size

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Igneous and metamorphic grainsize

Roundness
Volume
Birefringence

Plot Menu
Bar Chart Plot Command
Plots bar charts using data in the current spreadsheet. The Bar Chart Options Window pops up for
selecting plotting options.
Classification Plot Command
Plots classification diagrams using data in the current spreadsheet. The Classification Options Window
pops up for selecting plotting options.
Discrimination Plot Command
Plots discrimination graphs using data in the current spreadsheet. The Discrimination Options Window
pops up for selecting plotting options.
Log Plot Command
Plots Log-Log and Log-Linear graphs using data in the current spreadsheet. The Options Window
pops up for selecting log plotting options.
Spider Plot Command
Plots spider diagrams using data in the current spreadsheet. The Spider Plot Options Window pops up
for selecting plotting options.
Ternary Plot Command
Plots ternary and diamond graphs using data in the current spreadsheet. The Options Window pops up
for selecting plotting options.

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XY Plot Command
Plots XY graphs using data in the current spreadsheet. The Options Window pops up for selecting XY
plotting options.

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The Spreadsheet
Introduction
A spreadsheet is a form consisting of rows and columns of data and is the best method for displaying
and manipulating data in row and column format. The custom spreadsheet supplied with WinRock is
used for entering and editing data. Once the data is correctly entered, data can be sorted, calculated and
plotted.

File Formats
The built in spreadsheet saves data files in tab delimited ASCII format, the default format for Winrock.
This format is used by Microsoft Excel and is compatible with most spreadsheets. To import a data file
created with another application, save the file in tab delimited format (in Excel, these files have a .txt
extension), start WinRock and open the data file. WinRock will automatically load the file into the
spreadsheet. To export a data file created with WinRock, use any of the following methods:
1. Select tab delimited ASCII format in the other application. These files
usually have a .txt extension. Open the file.
2. In Excel, the file created with WinRock can simply be opened directly.
3. Winrock also opens and saves Excel files
Winrock also reads and writes Microsoft Excel (xls) and CSV files.
The built in spreadsheet requires data to be in a specific format for plotting and calculating. The first row
in the spreadsheet is reserved for column headings. Any data placed in the first row will not be included in
subsequent calculations. Imported data files will be displayed intact with all headings and data; however,
to use WinRocks features it is necessary to correctly define which columns contain sample #, symbol,
color, X, Y and Z values. Additional data can be entered via the keyboard or using the clipboard.
The spreadsheet can be slow to read large files. If this is the case, better performance can be obtained
by deleting unused columns (setting columns to empty). For example, when performing a chemical

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classification on a whole rock chemistry file, it is possible to delete all trace element columns (trace
elements are not required in the calculation) before the operation to improve performance.
For geochemical data, each element is assigned to a specific column. For the calculations to work
correctly, these columns must be used as is, in their pre-defined format. Do not change the whole rock
geochemistry headings.
The geochem columns are defined in the following format:
Col1: Sample #
Col2: Rockname
Col3: Symbol
Col4: Color
Col5: SiO2
Col6: TiO2
Col7: Al2O3
Col8: Fe2O3
Col9: FeO
Col10: MnO
Col11: MgO
Col12: CaO
Col13: Na2O
Col14: K2O
Col15: P2O5
Col16: H2O+
Col17: H2OCo18: CO2
Co19: Other
Col20: ZrO2
Co21: Cr2O3
Col22: V2O3
Co23: NiO
Col24: CoO
Co25: BaO
Co26: SrO
Co27: Rb2O
Col28: F
Col 29: Cl
Col30: S
Col31: Total

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For multi element geochemistry, the columns have the following format:
Col1: Sample #
Col2: Rockname
Col3: Symbol
Col4: Color
Col5: Au
Col6: Ag
Col7: As
Col8: Cr
Col9: Cu
Col10: Fe
Col11: Hg
Col12: Mn
Col13: Mo
Col14: Ni
Col15: Pb
Col16: Pt
Col17: Sb
Co18: Sn
Col19: Ti
Co20: U
Col21: V
Co22: Zn
Col23: Zr
Col25: Total
Co26: LOI
Diagrams can also be exported to pdf files using the pdf printer driver supplied. Select the dopdf printer
in the printer settings to print a pdf file.

Entering Data
Data is entered in each cell by simply typing the value and pressing <enter>. Use the scroll bars,
arrow, page up and page down keys to navigate through the spreadsheet. Use the scroll bars when
moving around the spreadsheet. To edit a cell, press <enter> for the cell you want to edit and use the

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backspace/delete/insert keys to edit the text. When finished editing press <enter> the new value will
appear in the spreadsheet. Whole rows can be inserted and deleted using the Insert Row and Delete
Row toolbar buttons. Blank lines are not permitted between data.

Sorting Data
To sort data, pull down the Edit menu and select Sort. The Sort Menu allows the user to sort data in the
spreadsheet. A new window opens asking for the column number to sort. Click on Sort to sort the
spreadsheet.

Converting Data to XYZ

If data has been entered as modal mineralogy, clicking on the convert to XYZ option in the Options
Menu will convert the data to XYZ coordinates. It is not necessary to convert data as conversion
automatically takes place when a diagram is plotted.

Printing Data
Pulling down the File menu and selecting Print prints data. A Print Dialog box will pop up with several
options. Select OK to print the data. A simple listing of current data will be printed.

Hint:
Be sure the correct printer is selected as the default printer. Use the options button
in the Print Dialog box to select the correct printer

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The Diagrams
Introduction
WinRock will plot standard rock classification diagrams in addition to general-purpose xy, ternary,
diamond, log-log and log-linear graphs. Many options are available to customize the diagrams.
Publication quality diagrams can be produced on a laser printer.
Before plotting data, several options must be set to control the type and appearance of the diagram. To
access the Options window, pull down the Plot menu and select the diagrams to be plotted.

Bar Chart Options Window

Select Plot Bar Chart from the Plot menu to plot a bar chart. A bar chart displays sample numbers on the
x-axis and a variable, such as Cu, Au, As etc on the Y axis. Bar charts have the same drawing/editing
tools as the other graphs. In the options window, specify the Y coordinate from the whole rock chemistry
or multi-element chemistry drop down list. Alternatively, specify a column containing data to plot. Choose
from a standard bar graph or line graph.
Graph titles and labels can also be entered.

Classification Plot Options Window

The Classification Options window has many user definable settings to control the diagram. For ternary
plots (eg. QAP), data in the defined columns for top, left and right values are used. The default columns
are columns 5, 6 and 7. For diamond plots (eg. QAPF), the defined column for the bottom apex is also
used. The default column is column 8. For diamond plots, column 5 (top) and column 8 (bottom) data
cannot be co-existing. Set column 5 (top apex) data to empty (zero) for each entry in column 8 (bottom
apex).
Geochemical plots do not require user defined columns for plotting data. Geochemical data in the
spreadsheet is already in a pre-defined format; therefore, when a diagram is selected, data for that

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diagram is obtained directly from the spreadsheet and the necessary calculations are performed
automatically before plotting the diagram.
Diagram Type
This option determines the type of diagram to be plotted. Select from the list of diagram types.
Plutonic Rocks
Barker, 1979 An/Ab/Or, granites
IUGS Carbonatites - CaO/MgO/FeO+Fe2O3+MnO carbonatites. Contains > 50% primary carbonates.
IUGS Charnockites - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase charnockites. Contains >5% hypersthene
IUGS Melilite Plutonic - Melilite/Olivine/Clinopyroxene melilite plutonic rocks. Contains > 10% melilite and
<10% feldspathoids.
IUGS General Plutonic QAPF - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90%
mafic minerals.
IUGS General Plutonic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.
IUGS General Plutonic FAP - Foid/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.
Plutonic TAS - K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for plutonic rocks. Middlemost, 1994
IUGS Mafic PlagPxOl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Olivine mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the gabbroic field of
QAP diagram.
IUGS Mafic PlagOpxCPx - Plagioclase/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the
gabbroic field of QAP diagram.
IUGS Mafic Plag/Px/Hbl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Hornblende mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the gabbroic
field of QAP diagram.
IUGS Ultramafic Ol/OPx/CPx - Olivine/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene ultramafic rocks. Contains >90%
mafic minerals.
IUGS Ultramafic Ol/Px/Hbl - Olivine/Pyroxene/Hornblende ultramafic rocks. Contains >90% mafic
minerals.
Volcanic Rocks
AFM Volcanic - K2O+Na2O/FeOt/MgO chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Irvin and Baragar, 1971
IUGS Carbonatites - CaO/MgO/FeO+Fe2O3+MnO carbonatites. Contains > 50% primary carbonates.
IUGS Melilite Volcanic - Melilite/Olivine/Clino-Pyroxene melilite volcanic rocks. Contains > 10% melilite
and <10% feldspathoids.
IUGS Volcanic QAPF - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.

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IUGS Volcanic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic minerals.
IUGS Volcanic FAP - Foids/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic minerals.
IUGS Volcanic TAS - K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Le Bas, 1986
IUGS Volcanic TAS - K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Middlemost, 1994
Jensen Cation - Fet+Ti/Al/Mg chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Jensen, 1976, Modified by
Rollinson, 1993
Winchester and Floyd, 1977 Zr/TiO2 * 0.0001 vs SiO2, volcanic rocks
Winchester and Floyd , 1977 Nb/Y vs Zr/TiO2 * 0.0001, volcanic rocks
Sandstones
General Sandstones - Quartz/Clay/Feldspar general sandstones. Selley, 1984
General Sandstones - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments general sandstones. Pettijohn, 1975
Sandstones Arenites - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones <15% clay. Pettijohn, 1975
Sandstones Wackes - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones >15% and <75% clay. Pettijohn,
1975
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic - ACF - the ratio Na2O + K2O/CaO/FeO+MgO+MnO
Metamorphic - A'KF - the ratio Na2O + K2O+CaO/K2O/FeO+MgO+MnO
Tectonic Classification Granites
Batchelor and Bowden, 1985 - R1=4*Si-11*(Na + K)-2*(Fe + Ti) vs R2=6*Ca+2*Mg+Al in millications,
granites
Harris et al, 1986 Rb/10,Hf,Ta*3, granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Y+Nb vs Rb, granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Y vs Nb, granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Ta+Yb vs Rb, granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Yb vs Ta, granites
Tectonic Classification Basalts
Pearce and Cann, 1973 - Zr vs Ti , basalts
Pearce and Cann, 1973 - Ti/100,Zr,Y*3, basalts
Pearce et al., 1977 - FeT, MgO, Al2O3, for rocks with SiO2 greater than 51 percent and less than 56
percent, basalts
Meschede, 1986 2*Nb,Zr/4,Y, basalts
Mullen, 1983 - TiO2, 10xMnO 10xP2O5, with SiO2 greater than 45 percent and less than 54 percent,
basalts

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Set Labels
This option determines which labels appear on the diagram. Select from:
1.none - no labels appear on the diagram
2.sample # - sample #'s as shown on the spreadsheet
Labels will be printed with the diagram.
Axes
Specify your own axes titles here.
Symbol Definitions
If you want symbol descriptions printed with the diagram, enter the descriptions here.

Discrimination Plot Options Window

The Discrimination Plot Options Window sets options for Discrimination plots. Discrimination plots use
data from the spreadsheet in the Winrock geochemical data format. Do not change columns for the whole
rock or trace element data.
Graph and Scale Type
Select standard XY Plot or XY Line Plot to plot points connected by lines. Auto Scale or Manual Scale
can be selected.
Set Scale
When Manual Scale is selected enter maximum and minimum values for the X and Y axes here.
Set Titles
Enter diagram, x-axis and y-axis titles here.

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X and Y Axes
Sets the X and Y Axes for Discrimination Plots. Uses data in the current spreadsheet. Data must be in
the pre-defined format for whole chemistry and multi-element chemistry. Load one of the sample whole
rock chemistry data files or select Add Whole Rock Headings from the Geochem Menu to view the predefined format. Select the elements from the pre-defined lists for X and Y Axes. For example, if SiO2 is
selected as X Axes and K2O is selected as Y Axes, the graph will be plotted as a SiO2 vs K2O plot.

Log Plot Options Window

The Log Plot Options Window sets options for Log-Log and Log-Linear Plots. For log plots, data in the
defined columns for x and y values are used. The default columns are columns 5, and 6. These columns
can be changed, if necessary, using the Define Columns command.
Scale
Select the scale of the X and Y axes here.
Scale Type
Select log-log or log-linear type plots
Titles
Enter titles for the graph and x and y axes here.

Pie Chart Options Window

For pie charts, it is possible to define labels and a chart title in the options window. Set the columns
containing sample name and percentage. There are no color and symbol settings for pie charts, the built
in color library is used instead. Additional options can be set in the Pie Chart Window.
Set Labels
This option determines which labels appear on the diagram. Select from:

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1.none - no labels appear on the diagram

2. sample name - sample names as shown on the spreadsheet
Labels will be printed with the diagram.
Title
Customize the chart title.

Spider Plot Options Window

The Spider Plot Options Window initializes the settings for Spider Plots. Spider plots use data from the
spreadsheet in the Winrock geochemical data format. Do not change columns for the whole rock or trace
element data.
Normalize
Select the type of normalization to be applied to the trace element chemistry. For example, select
MORB to apply the MORB norm of Pearce (1983).
Some of the Norms Available:
MORB Pearce (1983)
Sr,K,Rb,Ba,Th,Ta,Nb,Ce,P,Zr,Hf,Sm,Ti,Y,Yb
REE Chondrite Boyden (1984)
La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu
ORG (Pearce et al.1984)
K2O,Rb,Ba,Th,Ta,Nb,Ce,Hf,Zr,Sm,Y,Yb
Primitive Mantle (Sun & McDonough 1989)
Cs,Rb,Ba,Th,U,Nb,K,La,Ce,Pb,Pr,Sr,P,Nd,Zr,Sm,Eu,Ti,Dy,Y,Yb,Lu
Additional norms are available in norm definition files in the winrock\spider folder.

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Select Elements
Select elements to plot on the Spider Diagram from the list of elements. Multiple selections can be
made. When a norm is selected, the elements are automatically assigned and no selection is necessary.
Use File Norm
A norm definition file can be used to plot spider diagrams. You can create your own definition file or use
one of the supplied files. The supplied definition files are in the winrock\spider folder. Norm definition files
can be opened and edited within WinRock. They should be saved as plain text files (tab delim ASCII, csv)
or WinRock (*.rok) files. Norm definition files are plain text files in the following format:
Title
Element1
Value1
Element2
Value2
Element3
Value3
etc. to End
The first line is reserved for a title. The second line contains the first element in the norm. The third line
contains the normalization factor for that element. This elements continue to the end of the file.
for example:
Spider Plot Norm MORB
Rb
2.0
Sr
120
Ba
20
etc. to End
If a norm definition file is plotted, specify the correct scale to plot the Spider diagram correctly.

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Scale
Spider diagrams use log scales on the y-axis because of the large range of values in trace elements.
You can select the scale here. When a norm is selected, the scale is automatically assigned and no
selection is necessary.

Symbols
If you want symbol descriptions printed with the diagram, enter the descriptions here.
Titles
Enter the titles to appear on the diagram

Ternary Plot Options Window

The Ternary/Diamond Options window has many user definable settings to control the diagram. For
ternary plots, data in the defined columns for top, left and right values are used. The default columns are
columns 5, 6 and 7. For diamond plots, the defined column for the bottom apex is also used. The default
column is column 8. For diamond plots, column 5 (top) and column 8 (bottom) data cannot be co-existing.
Set column 5 (top apex) data to empty (zero) for each entry in column 8 (bottom apex).
Axes Titles
Specify the axes titles for plots here.
Diagram Type
This option determines the type of diagram to be plotted. Select from the list of diagram types.
Set Labels
This option determines which labels appear on the diagram. Select from:
1.none - no labels appear on the diagram

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2.sample # - sample #'s as shown on the spreadsheet

Labels will be printed with the diagram.
Symbol Definitions
If you want symbol descriptions printed with the diagram, enter the descriptions here.

XY Plot Options Window

The XY Setup Window sets options for XY plots. For XY plots, data in the defined columns for x and y
values are used. The default columns are columns 5, and 6. These columns can be changed, if
necessary, using the Define Columns command.
Graph and Scale Type
Select standard XY Plot or XY Line Plot to plot points connected by lines. Auto Scale or Manual Scale
can be selected.
Set Scale
When Manual Scale is selected enter maximum and minimum values for the X and Y axes here.
Set Titles
Enter diagram, x-axis and y-axis titles here.

Plot Window
The Plot window displays the diagram and sends output to the printer or disk.
Axes Color
To change the default color of the diagram, select this command. A Colors Dialog box will pop up.
Select a color and click OK.

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Box Draw
To draw a box, select box draw. Position the pointer where the box is to begin and drag the cursor by
holding down the left mouse button. Release the left mouse button when you have positioned the box
correctly.
Copy Diagram Command
Copies the current diagram to the clipboard for pasting into other applications.
Data Information Display
Displays a data value for each point on the graph. Click on the point to display the data. To enable,
check the Data Information Display Menu, followed by the selector toolbar (arrow icon).

Delete All
Deletes all drawing and text actions and redraws the plot

Ellipse Draw
To draw an ellipse, select ellipse draw. Position the mouse pointer where the ellipse is to begin and
drag the cursor by holding down the left mouse button. Release the left mouse button when you have
positioned the box correctly.
Fields
If this command is checked, all fields and field labels are displayed and printed with the diagram.
Field Labels
This option determines whether field labels are displayed on screen and printed with the diagram.
When Field Labels is checked all field labels are displayed and printed with the diagram.

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Add Text
To add text select, Add Text. Position the cursor where you would like to add text and click the left
mouse button. Type the text to be Added. Press F2 to finish editing text. Double click on existing text to
start editing. To delete text, clear the text box, press enter and F2 or Escape.
Legends
Displays several different types of Legends on screen. Select sample #, rock name, standard symbols,
or classification legend. The legend can be printed and saved.
Line Draw
To draw a line, select Line Draw. Position the cursor where you would like the line to begin and drag
the line by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse. Release the left mouse button
when the line is positioned correctly.
Print Diagram
Prints the current diagram. Also previews the diagram in its fully formatted state and allows further
control of margins, quality etc. If Field Labels and Symbol Legends are enabled in the Options Menu,
these will be printed.
Save Diagram As Command
This command saves the current diagram in a user-specified directory and filename. A pop up Dialog
box appears which prompts the user for directory path and filename information. The diagram can be
exported to many different bitmap and vector file formats. Some of these include bmp, jpeg, pdf and svg.
Scroll Axes
Activates scrolling of the X and Y axes. Right click the mouse, with the pointer over the axis and drag
the axis scale.
Symbol Legends

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Displays the selected symbol legend on screen. To add symbol descriptions, type the description next
to the desired symbol. The symbol legend can be printed and saved.
Tick Marks
If this command is checked, tick marks are displayed and printed with the diagram.
Undo
Undo the previous drawing action.
Zoom
When zoom is selected true, hold down the right mouse key and drag the pointer from top left to bottom
right to zoom the chart. Drag in the opposite direction to undo the zoom.

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Geolbases
Geolbases is a set of geological databases to help retrieval of mineralogical and petrological data. Each
database has its own unique graphical user interface so they can be used individually without having to
change tables and report layouts. The databases can be accessed from the database menu in WinRock
or from the Windows Start Menu.

GeolBases Features
Querying
The databases use standard SQL query language to search records, however the SQL language is
hidden behind a simplified Search interface so that no previous knowledge of SQL is required. The
search engine keyword and substring searches are based on whatever text is input by the user.
Printing and Clipboard Support
Each database has printing and clipboard support. Search results can be printed tables and
information from the databases can be copied to the clipboard for use in other applications.

Getting Started
Geolbases requires a minimum system configuration. The system requirements are:
Windows 2000, XP , Vista, Windows 7, Server 2008
Requires Net Framework 4.0 or higher
Access 20010 Database Engine Runtime
Mouse
Printer supported by Windows
For automatic installation, proceed as follows:
1. Start Windows
2. Select My Computer

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3. Open (CDDrive)D:
4. Install Net Framework 4
5. Install Access 2010 Database Engine
6. Install Geolbases
Net Framework 4 and Access 2010 Database Engine are included on the CD or can be downloaded from
Microsoft.
Editing Databases
This has changed in V.2. Now, Microsoft Access is required to edit the access database files directly.

The WinRock Database

The WinRock Database for Windows is a petrographic database of igneous, metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks. Each rocktype contains a petrographic summary consisting of Rock Name, Group,
Family, Texture, Structure, Composition, Occurrence and Comments. The descriptions have been
standardized using the usual petrographic terms. Searches can be carried out on individual or multiple
fields using partial or complete key words. The composition field can be searched with up to three
minerals simultaneously.
Using The WinRock Database
Click on The WinRock Database menu item or icon to start the program. The WinRock Database
Window is displayed with a scrollable list of rock names and their descriptions. Records can be printed or
copied to the clipboard.
To start a query click on the Query command button. The Search Window is displayed with a list of
searchable fields. Enter search terms in the appropriate fields. The database has been standardized
using the usual petrographic terms. These terms are listed under the appropriate fields in the Search
Window. It is recommended that searches are made using these terms; however, descriptions are not
limited to these terms and any keyword can be used. Click on Search to start a search. A list of matches
is displayed in The WinRock Database Window. Search results can be printed or copied to the clipboard.
To list the entire database click on the Refresh command button.
A set of sample images are included with the database. Further images can be added by using Microsoft
Access to link to the image name. Place the Image File in the Images Folder with other images.

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Bookmarks can be entered using the database ID property. Enable editing and enter a unique
number/label into the ID field. This label is searchable with the Query/Search option. Useful for indexing
samples or as simple reference bookmarks.
List of Search Terms
Group
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Structure
Massive - No structure
Foliated - Planar alignment of platy minerals
Schistose - Discontinuous planar alignment of minerals
Flow - Changing alignment of minerals in a flow pattern
Banded - With bands of different composition or color
Bedded/Laminated - Divided into separate layers
Texture
Crystalline - All crystalline textures, with a grain size > 0.2mm (e.g. Granite, Gneiss)
Microcrystalline - Crystalline textures with a grain size < 0.2mm and > 0.01mm (e.g. Hornfels)
Cryptocrystalline - Crystalline textures with a grain size < 0.01mm (e.g. Agate)
Amorphous - Non crystalline, glassy (e.g. Obsidian)
Porphyritic - Large crystals (phenocrysts) in a fine-grained ground mass (e.g. Basalt)
Recrystallized - Textures produced by partial recrystallization (e.g. Meta-Basalt)
Inequigranular - Fine to macro - sized grains (e.g. Kimberlite)
Fragmental - Composed of mineral and/or rock fragments (e.g. pyroclastics)
Biogenic- Textures produced by organisms (e.g. Limestone - Boundstone)
Organic-Textures produced by organic material (e.g. coal)
Clastic - Textures produced by mechanically accumulated grains cemented together (e.g. Sandstone)
Chemical - Textures produced by chemical precipitation (e.g. Anhydrite)
Occurrence
Plutonic - A general term for any large scale intrusive rocks
Volcanic - Extrusive and associated intrusive rocks
Regional Metamorphic - Metamorphic rocks occurring over large areas

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Contact Metamorphic - Adjacent to intrusions

Fault/Shear Zone - Planar zones of brittle and/or ductile deformation
Basin - Sedimentary rocks in a sedimentary basin.

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MinServ Mineral Database

The MinServ Mineral Database is a reference database of over 3700 minerals. Mineral Name, Formula
and Crystal System index each mineral. Nearly all registered mineral names are listed but group terms
such as feldspar and apatite are not listed. The database can be searched for key words and substrings
and the results printed and copied to the clipboard.
Using The Mineral Database
The Mineral Database has all entries listed in a table. Minerals can be scrolled up and down through
the table. To find a specific property, it is a simple matter of entering a search term and selecting the field
to be searched to find a specific mineral. The results can be printed or copied to the clipboard for use
with other applications.
Bookmarks can be entered using the database ID property. Enable editing and enter a unique
number/label into the ID field. This label is searchable with the Query/Search option. Useful for indexing
samples or as simple reference bookmarks.
Mineral Properties Included
Mineral Name - The International Mineralogical Organization recognized mineral name
Formula - Enter part or whole formula i.e. Cu for formula containing copper
Crystal System - Enter crystal system
Isometric or cubic
Hexagonal or trigonal
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Triclinic

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MinServ Rock Forming Minerals Database

The MinServ Rock Forming Minerals Database is a reference database of all rock forming and
accessory minerals. The database is divided into two sections: 1. Physical properties, listing all physical
properties and 2. Optical properties, listing all optical properties visible with a polarizing microscope.
Using The Database
The Rock Forming Minerals Database is based around a standard mineral description report displayed
as a form with a scrollable list of mineral names linked to each mineral property. Properties for each
mineral are displayed as the names are selected from a scrollable list. Clicking on the Query button can
search all properties. It is a simple matter of entering a search term and selecting the field to be searched
to find a specific mineral. The results can be printed or copied to the clipboard for use with other
applications.
A set of sample images are included with the database. Further images can be added by using
Microsoft Access to link to the image name. Place the Image File in the Images Folder with other images.
Bookmarks can be entered using the database ID property. Enable editing and enter a unique
number/label into the ID field. This label is searchable with the Query/Search option. Useful for indexing
samples or as simple reference bookmarks.

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Recommended Search Terms:

Formula - Enter part or whole formula i.e. Cu for formula containing copper
Crystal System - Enter crystal system
Isometric or cubic
Hexagonal or trigonal
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Triclinic
Group - Enter mineral group name
Quartz
Pyroxene
Feldspar
Garnet
Serpentine
Clay
Mica
Brittle Mica
Bauxite
Oxide
Amphibole
Feldspathoid
Zeolite
Silliminite
Calcite
Barite
Humite
Tourmaline
Epidote
Chlorite
Specific Gravity - the relative weight of a mineral as compared to water
Hardness - hardness of a mineral according to Moh's Hardness Scale

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1 - Soft, i.e. Talc

2 - Copper
3 - Calcite
4 - Fluorite
5 - Medium i.e. Apatite
6 - Feldspar
7 - Glass or Quartz
8 - Topaz
9 - Corundum
10 - Hardest natural occurring mineral, Diamond
Streak - Color of a minerals powder when crushed. Determined by rubbing a mineral on a porcelain plate.
White - most common, feldspar, calcite, garnet
Black - magnetite, uraninite
Green - hornblende, vesuvianite
Color - Natural color of a mineral
Black - Mica, Uraninite, Hematite
White - Plagioclase
Pink - Orthoclase
Green - Chlorite, Olivine
Opacity - The transparency of a mineral
Opaque - Does not transmit light
Translucent - Partially transmits light
Transparent - Fully transmits light
Luster - Appearance of a minerals surface
Pearly - Smooth, shiny, white surface, talc, calcite
Vitreous - Glass like, most transparent minerals are vitreous, quartz, garnet
Dull - Does not shine, talc, kaolinite
Adamantine - Brilliant shining surface, diamond
Soapy - Soapy feel, talc, chlorite
Greasy - Greasy feel, topaz, olivine
Silky - Like silk, antigorite, anthophyllite
Waxy - Wax like surface, quartz, serpentine,
Satin - Satin like surface, kaolinite
Submetallic - Shiny, opaque, metallic like surface, mica

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Metallic - Shiny, metallic surface, pyrite

Splintery - In splinters, chlorite
Habit - A minerals external form
Cubic - In cubes, pyrite, halite garnet
Polyhedrons/Octohedrons - Garnet, fluorite
Rhombohedral - Rhomb shaped, calcite, chiastolite
Prismatic - Rectangular, square outlines, very common, hornblende, epidote, augite, zircon, sphene
Hexagonal - Hexagonal or triangular outlines, tourmaline, beryl, topaz
Tabular - Thick, flat prismatic outlines, feldspar, biotite, chlorite, epidote, olivine
Columnar - Thin columns, often in aggregates, tourmaline, actinolite/tremolite, hornblende, diopside
Flakes/Plates/Scales - Mostly the fine, microcrystalline varieties. Mica, clay minerals, chlorite, sericite
Fibrous - In fibers, actinolite/tremolite, talc, serpentine, nephrite
Acicular - Fine, needle like crystals, tourmaline, rutile, mimetite (apatite)
Radiating - Outwardly radiating from a center, zeolite, tourmaline, gypsum
Spherulitic - A radiating acicular mass of crystals forming a circular shaped pattern. Common pattern in
devitrified volcanic glass
Short - Short
Long - Long
Occurrence - The mode of occurrence and/or formation of a mineral
Veins - hydrothermal veins, quartz, calcite veins
Pegmatites - V.coarse grained veins of granites, feldspars, tourmaline, micas
Vesicular/Amygdaloidal - Cavities in volcanic rocks
Evaporites - Within sedimentary evaporite basins
Metamorphic (Contact) - Along contact zones of recrystallized rocks, hornfels, skarn
Metamorphic (Regional) - Metamorphic rocks occurring over a large area, gneiss
Igneous - Generally some form of magmatic intrusion, granite, gabbro
Sedimentary - Derived from pre-existing rocks and often laid down in layers, sandstone, shale
Sedimentary Limestones - Deposited in ocean basins due reef building or accumulation of carbonate
grains (detrital or precipitation), limestone
Optical Mineralogy Database
Most of these properties are only discernable with a polarizing microscope, as used by geologists.
Relief - The visibility of a mineral in plane polarized light. Usually compared to adjacent minerals or the
cementing material used in the slide, such as balsam.

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Birefringence - The interference color observable under crossed polars. Refer to a birefringence table to
determine values
2V - The angle of the optical axis in biaxial minerals. Measured in an oriented crystal with a Bertrand Lens
under crossed polars and high power.
Optical Sign - Most minerals are either uniaxial, with a single optic axis or biaxial, with two optic axes i.e.
quartz, calcite, tourmaline are uniaxial, olivine, augite, hornblende, feldspar are biaxial.
Refractive Index - The degree to which a crystal bends light, as it passes through a crystal. The RI varies
according to the optical axes. Uniaxial minerals have two directions of RI: 1. Along the ordinary ray; and
2. Along the extraordinary ray.. Biaxial minerals have three directions of RI: 1. Nalpha, 2. Nbeta and 3.
Ngamma.
Pleochroism - The variation in color as a mineral is rotated under plane polarized light. I.e. hornblende,
biotite are strongly pleochroic
Extinction Angle - The type of extinction when a mineral is rotated under crossed polarized light.
Parallel - Parallel to cleavage or crystal outlines
Oblique - At an angle to cleavage or crystal outlines
Symmetrical - Symmetrical to crystal shape or cleavage, i.e. hornblende, hypersthene, dolomite
Cleavage - Cleavage outlines in thin section are often distinctive of a mineral.
Amphibole Cleavage - Two at 56" and 124" in cross section
Pyroxene Cleavage - Two at 83" and 97" in cross section
Mica Cleavage - Perfect in one direction
Chlorite Cleavage - Perfect in one direction
Cubic Cleavage - Halite, galena
Cleavage/Foliation Masses/Aggregates - Aggregates of planar minerals, such as chlorite and mica in one
direction, parallel to cleavage.
Twinning - Twinned crystals are often observed in thin section and are distinctive of certain minerals
Polysynthetic Twinning Albite Law - Plagioclase feldspars almost always exhibit this. Used to determine
Albite/Anorthite content
Simple Twinning, Amphibole - Hornblende often is twinned with two crystals sharing a common twin
plane
Simple Twinning, Carlsbad - Very common in K-feldspars

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Penetration Twinning - Where two crystals penetrate each other through the center, andalusite, staurolite,
cordierite

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MinServ Economic Database

The MinServ Commodity Database contains data on economic minerals and their uses. It has over 70
commodities and 200 economic minerals covering all major ore and industrial mineral commodities.
Using The Commodity Database
The Commodity Database has all entries indexed by commodity and displayed report style. Each
mineral is listed in a scrollable table and linked to their respective physical properties. As a mineral is
selected in the list, all physical properties for that mineral are displayed on the report form. A separate
query form allows querying of all fields by keyword or substring. To perform a query, click on query and
enter the search terms under the field to be searched. Leave fields not searched blank. Click on Search
to perform the Search. A list of matches is shown in the main window. Scroll through the minerals to see
each record that matches the query.
Bookmarks can be entered using the database ID property. Enable editing and enter a unique
number/label into the ID field. This label is searchable with the Query/Search option. Useful for indexing
samples or as simple reference bookmarks.
A set of sample images are included with the database. Further images can be added by using
Microsoft Access to link to the image name. Place the Image File in the Images Folder with other images.
Recommended Search Terms:
Commodity - Enter a commodity
Aluminum
Feldspar
Garnet
Lithium
Uranium
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Nickel
Iron
Phosphate
Gold

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Silver
Etc.
Formula - Enter part or whole formula i.e. Cu for formula containing copper
Crystal System - Enter crystal system
Isometric or cubic
Hexagonal or trigonal
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Triclinic
Group - Enter mineral group name
Quartz
Pyroxene
Feldspar
Garnet
Serpentine
Clay
Mica
Brittle Mica
Bauxite
Oxide
Amphibole
Feldspathoid
Zeolite
Silliminite
Calcite
Barite
Humite
Tourmaline
Epidote
Chlorite
Specific Gravity - the relative weight of a mineral as compared to water
Hardness - hardness of a mineral according to Moh's Hardness Scale

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1 - Soft, i.e. Talc

2 - Copper
3 - Calcite
4 - Fluorite
5 - Medium i.e. Apatite
6 - Feldspar
7 - Glass or Quartz
8 - Topaz
9 - Corundum
10 - Hardest natural occurring mineral, Diamond
Streak - Color of a minerals powder when crushed. Determined by rubbing a mineral on a porcelain plate.
White - most common, feldspar, calcite, garnet
Black - magnetite, uraninite
Green - hornblende, vesuvianite
Color - Natural color of a mineral
Black - Mica, Uraninite, Hematite
White - Plagioclase
Pink - Orthoclase
Green - Chlorite, Olivine
Opacity - The transparency of a mineral
Opaque - Does not transmit light
Translucent - Partially transmits light
Transparent - Fully transmits light
Luster - Appearance of a minerals surface
Pearly - Smooth, shiny, white surface, talc, calcite
Vitreous - Glass like, most transparent minerals are vitreous, quartz, garnet
Dull - Does not shine, talc, kaolinite
Adamantine - Brilliant shining surface, diamond
Soapy - Soapy feel, talc, chlorite
Greasy - Greasy feel, topaz, olivine
Silky - Like silk, antigorite, anthophyllite
Waxy - Wax like surface, quartz, serpentine,
Satin - Satin like surface, kaolinite

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Submetallic - Shiny, opaque, metallic like surface, mica

Metallic - Shiny, metallic surface, pyrite
Splintery - In splinters, chlorite
Habit - A minerals external form
Cubic In cubes, pyrite, halite garnet
Polyhedrons/Octohedrons - Garnet, fluorite
Rhombohedral - Rhomb shaped, calcite, chiastolite
Prismatic - Rectangular, square outlines, very common, hornblende, epidote, augite, zircon, sphene
Hexagonal - Hexagonal or triangular outlines, tourmaline, beryl, topaz
Tabular - Thick, flat prismatic outlines, feldspar, biotite, chlorite, epidote, olivine
Columnar - Thin columns, often in aggregates, tourmaline, actinolite/tremolite, hornblende, diopside
Flakes/Plates/Scales - Mostly the fine, microcrystalline varieties. Mica, clay minerals, chlorite, sericite
Fibrous - In fibers, actinolite/tremolite, talc, serpentine, nephrite
Acicular - Fine, needle like crystals, tourmaline, rutile, mimetite (apatite)
Radiating - Outwardly radiating from a center, zeolite, tourmaline, gypsum
Spherulitic - A radiating acicular mass of crystals forming a circular shaped pattern. Common pattern in
devitrified volcanic glass
Short - Short
Long - Long
Uses - The main uses for and applications for this commodity
Lithium - Greases, ceramics, production of aluminum
Garnet - Abrasives
Feldspar - Manufacture of porcelain
Lead - Pipes, batteries, radiation shielding
Copper - Alloyed for bronzes, brasses, electrical
Nickel - Steel making
Model - The mode of occurrence and/or formation of an economic mineral
Veins - hydrothermal veins, quartz, calcite veins
Pegmatites - V.coarse grained veins of granites, feldspars, tourmaline, micas
Vesicular/Amygdaloidal - Cavities in volcanic rocks
Evaporites - Within sedimentary evaporite basins
Metamorphic (Contact) - Along contact zones of recrystallized rocks, hornfels, skarn
Metamorphic (Regional) - Metamorphic rocks occurring over a large area, gneiss
Igneous - Generally some form of magmatic intrusion, granite, gabbro
Sedimentary - Derived from pre-existing rocks and often laid down in layers, sandstone, shale

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Sedimentary Limestones - Deposited in ocean basins due reef building or accumulation of carbonate
grains (detrital or precipitation), limestone
Replacement - Hydrothermal replacement deposits

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MinServ XRD Minerals Database

The MinServ XRD Minerals Database contains XRD data on all minerals. Over 3800 minerals with
mineral name and three strongest d-spacings are listed.
Using The XRD Database
The XRD Database has all entries indexed by mineral name and d-spacing and is displayed in tabular
format. The table can be browsed using scroll bars. To perform a query, enter the search terms in the
search option boxes. Mineral name and d-spacing can be searched and d-spacing search limits can be
entered or selected.
Important: Search limits must be entered for d-spacing searches. In most cases, a narrow search
pattern will give the most accurate results. If the XRD peaks are uncertain, perform a wider search, by
specifying a wider d-spacing range.
Click on Search to perform the search. A list of matches is shown in the main window. Scroll through
the minerals to see each record that matches the query. The results may be printed. The database can
be sorted according to mineral name or d-spacing from the Edit Menu and all data can be printed.

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Backing Up and Editing Databases

The Mineral Databases are editable. The databases are edited using Microsoft Access. It is highly
recommended, the databases are backed up periodically. The easiest way to do this is to copy the
database files to a backup folder of your choice using Windows Explorer or My Computer File Manager.
Important: Blank and null entries are not allowed in the database. If no entry is desired under a specific
property then enter "Empty" for that specific property. Default values for all properties are "Empty".

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Software Support
Technical support for WinRock is provided through the pdf manual and online help. Updates for
WinRock can be obtained directly for free using the builtin internet connection. Downloads are also
available at http://www.geologynet.com/download.htm. Further technical support is available directly from
Mineral Services; however, the software must be registered to receive support.
email: [email protected]
http://www.geologynet.com

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Classification Diagrams
Plutonic Rocks
Barker, 1979 An/Ab/Or, granites
IUGS Carbonatites - CaO/MgO/FeO+Fe2O3+MnO carbonatites. Contains >50% primary carbonates.
IUGS Charnockites - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase Charnockites. Contains >5% hypersthene.
IUGS Melilite Plutonic - Melilite/Olivine/Clinopyroxene melilite plutonic rocks. Contains > 10% melilite and
<10% feldspathoids.
IUGS General Plutonic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.
IUGS General Plutonic QAPF - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90%
mafic minerals.
IUGS General Plutonic FAP - Foid/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase plutonic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.
Plutonic TAS K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for plutonic rocks. Middlemost, 1994
IUGS Mafic PlagPxOl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Olivine mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the gabbroic field of
QAP diagram.
IUGS Mafic PlagOpxCPx - Plagioclase/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the
gabbroic field of QAP diagram.
IUGS Mafic Plag/Px/Hbl - Plagioclase/Pyroxene/Hornblende mafic rocks. Rocks falling into the gabbroic
field of QAP diagram.
IUGS Ultramafic Ol/OPx/CPx - Olivine/Orthopyroxene/Clinopyroxene ultramafic rocks. Contains >90%
mafic minerals.
IUGS Ultramafic Ol/Px/Hbl - Olivine/Pyroxene/Hornblende ultramafic rocks. Contains >90% mafic
minerals.
Volcanic Rocks
AFM Volcanic - K2O+Na2O/FeOt/MgO chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Irvin and Baragar, 1971
IUGS Carbonatites - CaO/MgO/FeO+Fe2O3+MnO carbonatites. Contains > 50% primary carbonates.
IUGS Melilite Volcanic - Melilite/Olivine/Clino-Pyroxene melilite volcanic rocks. Contains > 10% melilite
and <10% feldspathoids
IUGS Volcanic QAPF - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase/Foids volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic
minerals.
IUGS Volcanic QAP - Quartz/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic minerals.

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IUGS Volcanic FAP - Foids/Alkali Feldspar/Plagioclase volcanic rocks. Contains 0-90% mafic minerals.
IUGS Volcanic TAS - K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Le Bas, 1986
IUGS Volcanic TAS - K2O+Na2O vs SiO2 chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Middlemost, 1994
Jensen Cation - Fet+Ti/Al/Mg chemical classification for volcanic rocks. Jensen, 1976, modified by
Rollinson, 1993
Winchester and Floyd, 1977 - Zr/TiO2 * 0.0001-SiO2, volcanic rocks
Winchester and Floyd, 1977 Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 * 0.0001, volcanic rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic - ACF - the ratio Na2O + K2O/CaO/FeO+MgO+MnO
Metamorphic - A'KF - the ratio Na2O + K2O+CaO/K2O/FeO+MgO+MnO
Sandstones
General Sandstones - Quartz/Clay/Feldspar general sandstones. Selley, 1984
Sandstones Arenites - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones <15% clay. Pettijohn, 1975
Sandstones Wackes - Quartz/Feldspar/Rock Fragments for sandstones >15% and <75% clay. Pettijohn,
1975
Tectonic Classification Granites
Batchelor and Bowden, 1985 - R1=4*Si-11*(Na + K)-2*(Fe + Ti) vs R2=6*Ca+2*Mg+Al in millications,
granites
Harris et al, 1986 Rb/10,Hf,Ta*3, granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Y(ppm)+Nb(ppm) vs Rb(ppm), granites
Pearce et al, 1984 Y(ppm) vs Nb(ppm), granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Ta(ppm)+Yb(ppm) vs Rb(ppm), granites
Pearce et al, 1984 - Yb(ppm) vs Ta(ppm), granites
Tectonic Classification Basalts
Pearce and Cann, 1973 - Zr(ppm) vs Ti(ppm) , basalts
Pearce and Cann, 1973 Ti(ppm)/100,Zr(ppm),Y(ppm)*3, basalts
Pearce et al., 1977 - FeT, MgO, Al2O3, for rocks with SiO2 greater than 51 percent and less than 56
percent, basalts
Meschede, 1986 2*Nb,Zr/4,Y, basalts
Mullen, 1983 - TiO2, 10xMnO 10xP2O5, with SiO2 greater than 45 percent and less than 54 percent,
basalts

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Definitions
Mafic minerals = amphibole + pyroxene + olivine + mica + opaque minerals + epidote + allanite + garnet
+ melilite + monticellite + primary carbonate + accessory minerals.
Abbreviations used in the Rockname Table:
M = mafic minerals
An = anorthite
Mel = melilite
TAS Classification
Q = Normative quartz
Ol = Normative olivine
Spider Norms
MORB, Pearce, 1983
MORB, Pearce, 1996
EMORB, Sun and McDonough, 1989
NMORB, Sun and McDonough, 1989
REE Chondrite, Boynton, 1984
REE Chondrite, Nakamura, 1974
REE Primitive Mantle, McDonough and Sun, 1995
Chondrites, Thompson, 1982
Chondrites, Sun et al, 1980
PGE Chondrite, Jochum, 1996
PGE Primitive Mantle, McDonough and Sun, 1995
HSE Chondrite, Jochum, 1996
HSE Primitive Mantle, Becker, 2006
Primitive Mantle, Sun and McDonough, 1989
Primitive Mantle, McDonough and Sun, 1995
Primordial Mantle, Wood et al, 1979
OIB, Sun and McDonough, 1989
Lower Crust, Weaver and Tarney, 1984
Average Crust, Weaver and Tarney, 1984
Upper Crust, Taylor and McLennan, 1985
Upper Continental Crust, Taylor and McLennan, 1995
Bulk Continental Crust, Taylor and McLennan, 1995
Lower Continental Crust, Taylor and McLennan, 1995
ORG, Pearce et al., 1984

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References
Rock Classification and Petrology:
Boynton, W.V., 1984, " Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies ". In: Henderson, P.
(ed), "Rare Earth Element Geochemistry ". Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 63-114
Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D. and Pankhurst, R.J., 1979, "The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks"Allen and Unwin,
London, 450p. - Norm calculations and indices.
Harris, N.B.W., Pearce, J.A., and Tindle, A.G., 1986, Geochemical Characteristics of
Collision-Zone Magmatism in Coward, M.P., and Ries, A.C., eds., Collision Tectonics.
Geological Society of America Special Publication 19, 415p.
Irvine, T.N. and Baragar,, W.R.A., A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic
rocks. Canadian J. of Earth Sci., V.8, pp.523-548.
Janousek, V., Farrow, C., Erban, G., Smid, J., 1999-2006, Geochemical Data Toolkit. Software,
http://www.gla.ac.uk/gcdkit.
Johanssen, A., 1938, A Descriptive Petrography of the Igneous Rocks. Univ. of Chicago Press, USA.
Le Maitre, R.W.(ed), 1989, A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms. Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. - Igneous plots and systematics.
McBirney, A, 1993, "Igneous Petrology". Jones and Bartlett. - Norm calculations and indices.
Meschede, M., 1986, A Method of Discriminating Between Different Types of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
and Continental Tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y Diagram. Chem. Geol., V.56, pp 207-218.
Midddlemost, E.A.K., 1989, Iron Oxidation Ratios, Norms and the Classification of Volcanic Rocks.
Chem. Geology, V.77, pp19-26.
Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994, Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Sci Rev, V.37,
pp. 215-224

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Mullen, E. D., 1983" MnO/TiO2/P2O5: a minor element discriminant for basaltic rocks of oceanic
environments and its implications for petrogenesis". Earth Planet Sci Letters, V62, pp53-62
Pearce, J.A., 1983, "Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins.
Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths". Shiva, Nantwich, pp. 230-249
Pearce, J.A. & Cann, J.R., 1973," Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element
analyses". Earth Planet Sci Letters, V19, pp 290-300
Petrelli M., Poli G., Perugini D. & Peccerillo A., 2005, " Petrograph: a New Software to Visualize, Model,
and Present Geochemical Data in Igneous Petrology", Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst , Vol. 6.
Rollinson, H.R., 1993, "Using Geochemical Data", Longman, 352p.
Sun S S, McDonough, W.F., 1989," Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications
for mantle composition and processes". In: Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M. (eds) , "Magmatism in Ocean
Basins". Geological Society of London Special Publication V42, pp. 313-345
Pettijohn, E.J., 1975, "Sedimentary Rocks ". Harper and Row. - Arenites and Wackes.
Selley, R.C, 1981, "An Introduction to Sedimentology ". Academic Press Inc, London. - Sandstone plots
Verma, S.P., Torres-Alvarado, I.S., Sotelo-Rodriguez, Z.T., 2002, " SINCLAS: Standard Igneous Norm
and Volcanic Rock Classification System", Computers and Geosciences, V28, pp711-715.
Weaver, B. L. and Tarney, J., 1984 "Empirical approach to estimating the composition of the continental
crust". Nature V310, pp 575-577
Winchester, J.A., and Floyd, P.A., 1977, Geochemical Discrimination of Different
Magma Series and their Differentiation Products Using Immobile Elements. Chemical
Geology, v. 20, p. 325-343.
Rock and Mineral Databases and Nomenclature:
Bayliss, P., Berry, L.G., Mrose, M.E., Sabina, A.P., Smith, D.K. (eds), 1983, "Mineral Powder Diffraction
File". JCPDS, ICDD, 1005p.

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Craig, J.R., Vaughan, D,J., 1981, " Ore Microscopy and Ore Petrography", John Wiley and Sons, New
York, 406p.
Dana, J.D., "Manual of Mineralogy".
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. and Zussman, J, 1980, "An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals".
Longman, London. 528p.
Finn, D. and Newall, G., Michel-Levy Chart. University of Liverpool.
Kerr, P.F., 1977, "Optical Mineralogy", McGraw-Hill, 492p.
Le Maitre, R.W.(ed), 1989, A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms. Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. - Igneous plots and systematics.
Mutschler, F.E., Rougon, D.J., Lavin, O.P., Hughes, R.D., 1981, "Petros - A Data Bank of Major Element
Chemical Analyses of Igneous Rocks for Research and Teaching (Version 6.1)". NOAA-National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center.
Myashiro, A.,1973. "Metamorphism and Metamorphic Belts". Allen and Unwin, London,492p.
Nichols, M.C., Nickel, E.H., 1991, "Mineral Reference Manual", Chapman and Hall, New York, 250p.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, "Public Review Draft Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map
Symbolization", Open-File Report 99-430.
Wills, B.A., 1992, "Mineral Processing Technology". Pergamon, Oxford, 855p.

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