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Quadratic Functions MS

(1) The document provides examples of valid approaches and correct working for solving quadratic equations, finding the vertex of a parabola, and sketching a parabola. (2) Two methods are shown for finding the maximum point of a quadratic function: finding the x-coordinate by averaging the x-intercepts or finding the y-coordinate by setting the derivative equal to zero. (3) Several examples demonstrate finding the x and y-intercepts of a quadratic function by factorizing, using the quadratic formula, and setting the function equal to zero.

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ABC123
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views

Quadratic Functions MS

(1) The document provides examples of valid approaches and correct working for solving quadratic equations, finding the vertex of a parabola, and sketching a parabola. (2) Two methods are shown for finding the maximum point of a quadratic function: finding the x-coordinate by averaging the x-intercepts or finding the y-coordinate by setting the derivative equal to zero. (3) Several examples demonstrate finding the x and y-intercepts of a quadratic function by factorizing, using the quadratic formula, and setting the function equal to zero.

Uploaded by

ABC123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

(a)

valid approach

(M1)

e.g. b 2 4ac, 0, 4k 2 42k 1


correct equation

A1

e.g. (4k)2 4(2k)(1) = 0, 16k2 = 8k, 2k2 k = 0


correct manipulation
e.g. 8k 2k 1,

(b)

A1

8 64
32

1
2

A2

recognizing vertex is on the x-axis

N3

N1

M1

e.g. (1, 0), sketch of parabola opening upward from the x-axis
P0

A1

[7]

2.

(a)

f (x) = 10(x + 4)(x 6)

(b)

METHOD 1
attempting to find the x-coordinate of maximum point

A1A1

N2

N4

N4

N0

(M1)

e.g. averaging the x-intercepts, sketch, y = 0, axis of symmetry


attempting to find the y-coordinate of maximum point

(M1)

e.g. k = 10(1+ 4)(1 6)


f (x) = 10(x 1)2 + 250

A1A1

METHOD 2
attempt to expand f (x)

(M1)

e.g. 10(x2 2x 24)


attempt to complete the square

(M1)

e.g. 10((x 1)2 1 24)


f (x) = 10(x 1)2 + 250
(c)

attempt to simplify

A1A1
(M1)

e.g. distributive property, 10(x 1)(x 1) + 250


correct simplification

A1

e.g. 10(x2 6x + 4x 24), 10(x2 2x +1) + 250


f (x) = 240 + 20x 10x2
(d)

(i)

valid approach

IB Questionbank Maths SL

AG
(M1)

e.g. vertex of parabola, v(t) = 0


t =1
(ii)

A1

recognizing a(t) = v(t)


a(t) = 20 20t
speed is zero t = 6
a(6) = 100 (m s2)

N2

(M1)
A1A1
(A1)
A1

N3

7
[15]

3.

(a)

evidence of setting function to zero


e.g. f(x) = 0, 8x = 2x2
evidence of correct working
e.g. 0 = 2x(4 x),

A1

8 64
4

x-intercepts are at 4 and 0 (accept (4, 0) and (0, 0), or x = 4, x = 0)


(b)

(M1)

(i)

x = 2 (must be equation)

(ii)

substituting x = 2 into f(x)


y=8

A1A1 N1N1
A1

N1

(M1)
A1

N2
[7]

4.

(a)

q = 2, r = 4 or q = 4, r = 2

(b)

x = 1 (must be an equation)

(c)

substituting (0, 4) into the equation


e.g. 4 = p(0 (2))(0 4), 4 = p(4)(2)

(M1)

correct working towards solution


e.g. 4 = 8p
4 1
p =
8 2

(A1)

A1A1

N2

A1

N1

A1

N2
[6]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

5.

(a)

(b)

f (x) = 3(x2 + 2x + 1) 12
= 3x2 + 6x + 3 12
= 3x2 + 6x 9

A1
A1
AG

N0

(i)

vertex is (1, 12)

A1A1

N2

(ii)

x = 1 (must be an equation)

A1

N1

(iii)

(0, 9)

A1

N1

(iv)

evidence of solving f (x) = 0


e.g. factorizing, formula,
correct working
e.g. 3(x + 3)(x 1) = 0, x

(M1)
A1

6 36 108
6

(3, 0), (1, 0)

A1A1 N1N1

(c)
y

x
3

9
12

A1A1

N2

A1A1A1

N3

Notes: Award A1 for a parabola opening upward,


A1 for vertex and intercepts in
approximately correct positions.

(d)

p 1

, t = 3
q 12

(accept p = 1, q = 12, t = 3)

[15]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

6.

(a)

evidence of attempting to solve f (x) = 0


evidence of correct working
e.g. x 1x 2,

1 9
2

intercepts are (1, 0) and (2, 0) (accept x = 1, x = 2)


(b)

evidence of appropriate method


e.g. xv

(M1)
A1

A1A1 N1N1
(M1)

x1 x2
b
, xv
, reference to symmetry
2
2a

xv = 0.5

A1

N2
[6]

7.

(a)

(b)

For a reasonable attempt to complete the square, (or expanding)


e.g. 3x2 12x + 11 = 3(x2 4x + 4) + 11 12
f(x) = 3(x 2)2 1 (accept h = 2, k = 1)

(M1)
A1A1

N3

METHOD 1
Vertex shifted to (2 + 3, 1 + 5) = (5, 4)
so the new function is 3(x 5)2 + 4 (accept p = 5, q = 4)

M1
A1A1

N2

METHOD 2
g(x) = 3((x 3) h)2 + k + 5 = 3((x 3) 2)2 1 + 5
= 3(x 5)2 + 4 (accept p = 5, q = 4)

M1
A1A1

N2
[6]

8.

2 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0

6
k

3 4 3 4 3 4 0 1 0 0
6
7

M2 =
18 19
12 6

6M =
18 24
5 0 k 0 0 0

0 5 0 k 0 0
k=5

(A1)
A2
A1
A1
A1

N2
[6]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

9.

(a) Evidence of completing the square


f(x) = 2(x2 6x + 9) + 5 18
= 2(x 3)2 13 (accept h = 3, k = 13)
(b)

Vertex is (3, 13)

(c)

x = 3 (must be an equation)

(d)

evidence of using fact that x = 0 at y-intercept


y-intercept is (0, 5) (accept 5)

(e)

METHOD 1
evidence of using y = 0 at x-intercept
e.g. 2(x 3)2 13 = 0
evidence of solving this equation
13
e.g. (x 3)2 =
2
13
(x 3) =
2
13
26
3
x=3
2
2
6 26
x=
2
p = 6, q = 26, r = 2
METHOD 2
evidence of using y = 0 at x-intercept
e.g. 2x2 12x + 5 = 0
evidence of using the quadratic formula
12 12 4 2 5
2 2
6 26
12 104

x=

4
2

(M1)
(A1)
A1

N3

A1A1

N2

A1

N1

(M1)
A1

N2

(M1)
(M1)
A1

A1

A1A1A1

N4

(M1)
(M1)

x=

p = 12, q = 104, r = 4 (or p = 6, q = 26, r = 2)

A1
A1
A1A1A1

N4
[15]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

10.

(a)

METHOD 1
Using the discriminant = 0 (q2 4(4)(25) = 0)

M1

q = 400
q = 20, q = 20

A1A1

N2

METHOD 2
Using factorizing:
(2x 5)(2x 5) and/or (2x + 5) (2x + 5)
q = 20, q = 20

M1
A1A1

N2

(b)

x = 2.5

A1

N1

(c)

(0, 25)

A1A1

N2
[6]

11.

(a)

(b)

(i)

m=3

A2

N2

(ii)

p=2

A2

N2

Appropriate substitution

M1

eg 0 = d(1 3)2 + 2, 0 = d(5 3)2 + 2, 2 = d(3 1)(3 5)

1
2

A1

N1
[6]

12.

(a)

p = 1 and q = 3 (or p =3, q = 1)


(accept (x + 1)(x 3))

IB Questionbank Maths SL

(A1)(A1) (C2)

(b)

EITHER
by symmetry

(M1)

OR
differentiating

dy
= 2x 2 = 0
dx

(M1)

OR
Completing the square

(M1)

x2 + 2x 3 = x2 2x + 1 4 = (x 1)2 4
THEN
x = 1, y = 4

(c)

(so C is (1, 4))

(A1)(A1)(C2)(C1)

(A1) (C1)
(accept (0, 3))
[6]

13.

Discriminant = b2 4ac (= (2k)2 4)


>0
Note: Award (M1)(M0) for 0.

(A1)
(M2)

(2k)2 4 > 0 4k2 4 > 0


EITHER
4k2 > 4 (k2 > 1)

(A1)

OR
4(k 1)(k + 1) > 0

(A1)

OR
(2k 2)(2k + 2) > 0

(A1)

THEN
k < 1 or k > 1

(A1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (A1) for 1 < k <1.
[6]

14.

(a)

h3

(A1)

k 2

(A1)

IB Questionbank Maths SL

(b)

(c)

(d)

f ( x) ( x 3)2 2
x2 6 x 9 2 (must be a correct expression)

(A1)

x2 6 x 7

(AG)

(A2)

f ( x) 2 x 6

(i)

tangent gradient 2
gradient of L

1
2

(A1)
(ii)

(A1)

(N2)

EITHER
equation of L is y

1
xc
2

c 1 .

(M1)
(A1)

1
x 1
2

OR

1
y 1 ( x 4)
2
(A2)
(iii)

(N2)

EITHER

x2 6 x 7

1
x 1
2

2 x2 11x 12 0

(M1)

(may be implied)

(A1)

(2 x 3)( x 4) 0 (may be implied)

(A1)

x 1.5

(A1)

(N3)

OR

x2 6 x 7
x 1.5
(A3)

1
x 1 (or a sketch)
2

(M1)

(N3)

8
[13]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

15.

One solution discriminant = 0


(M2)
32 4k = 0
(A2)
9 = 4k
9
1

k = 2 , 2.25
(A2) (C6)
4
4

Note: If candidates correctly solve an incorrect equation,


award M2 A0 A2(ft), if they have the first line or equivalent,
otherwise award no marks.
[6]

16.

(a)

a = 3, b = 4
f (x) = (x 3)2 + 4

(b)

y = (x 3)2 + 4

(A1)
A1 (C2)

METHOD 1
x = (y 3)2 + 4
x 4 = (y 3)2
x4 =y3

(M1)

x4 +3

(A1)

y=

(M1)
3

METHOD 2
y 4 = (x 3)2
y4 =x3

(M1)
(M1)

y4 +3=x

x4 +3

y=
1

f (x) =

(c)

x4 +3

x4

(A1)

(A1)(C1)
[6]

17.

(a)

(b)

(i)

h=1

(A2) (C2)

(ii)

k=2

(A1) (C1)

a(l + l)2 + 2 = 0
a = 0.5

(M1)(A1)
(A1) (C3)
[6]

18.

(a)

2x2 8x + 5 = 2(x2 4x + 4) + 5 8
= 2(x 2)2 3
=> a = 2, p = 2, q = 3

IB Questionbank Maths SL

(M1)
(A1)(A1)(A1)
(C4)
9

(b)

Minimum value of 2(x 2)2 = 0 (or minimum value occurs when x = 2) (Ml)
Minimum value of f (x) = 3
(A1) (C2)
OR
Minimum value occurs at (2, 3)
(M1)(A1) (C2)
[6]

19.

y = (x +2)(x 3)
= x2 x 6
Therefore, 0 = 4 2p + q

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)

OR
y = x2 x 6

(C3)

OR
0 = 4 2p + q
0 = 9 + 3p + q
p = 1, q = 6

(A1)
(A1)
(A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
[4]

20.

8
y = x2

y = 53(x4)

4
2
2

q=5
k = 3, p = 4

(A1) (C1)
(A3) (C3)
[4]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

10

21.

4x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0
Only one solution b2 4ac = 0
16k2 4(4)(9) = 0
k2 = 9
k = 3
But given k > 0, k = 3

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1) (C4)

OR
One solution (4x2 + 4kx + 9) is a perfect square
4x2 + 4kx + 9 = (2x 3)2 by inspection
given k > 0, k = 3

(M1)
(A2)
(A1) (C4)
[4]

22.

Graph of quadratic function.


Expression

(A1) (C1)

(A1) (C1)

b2 4ac

(A1) (C1)

(A1) (C1)
[4]

23.

(a)

x2 3x 10 = (x 5)(x + 2)

(b)

x2 3x 10 = 0 (x 5)(x + 2) = 0
x = 5 or x = 2

(M1)(A1) (C2)
(M1)
(A1) (C2)
[4]

24.

1
,q=2
2
or vice versa

(a)

p=

(b)

By symmetry C is midway between p, q


Note: This (M1) may be gained by implication.
x-coordinate is

(A1)(A1) (C2)

1 2 3
2

2
4

(M1)

(A1) (C2)
[4]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

11

25.

(7 x)(1 + x) = 0
x = 7 or x = 1
7 1
B: x =
= 3;
2
y = (7 3)(l + 3) = 16

(M1)
(A1)(C1)(C1)
(A1)
(A1) (C2)
[4]

IB Questionbank Maths SL

12

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