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IEATC-SPv3 Part 04 MPLS

INE CCIE Sp PArt 4

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Umair Alam
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99 views

IEATC-SPv3 Part 04 MPLS

INE CCIE Sp PArt 4

Uploaded by

Umair Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

10/11/2011

CCIE Service Provider Ver. 3.0


Advanced Technologies Class

MPLS

http://www.INE.com

What is MPLS?
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Open standard
RFC 3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching
Architecture
Previously Cisco proprietary Tag Switching

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10/11/2011

What is MPLS?
Multiprotocol
Can transport different payloads
Layer 2

Ethernet
Frame Relay
ATM
PPP
HDLC

Layer 3
IPv4
IPv6
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What is MPLS?
Label Switching
Switches traffic between interfaces based on
locally significant label values
Similar to how a Frame Relay or ATM switch uses
input/output DLCIs and VPI/VCIs

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10/11/2011

Why Use MPLS?


Transparent tunneling over SP network
BGP free core
Saves routing table space on Provider routers

Offer L2/L3 VPN service to customers


No need for overlay VPN model (more later)

Traffic engineering
Distribute load over underutilized links
Give bandwidth guarantees
Detect and repair failures quickly
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MPLS Label Format


RFC 3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding
4 byte header used to switch packets

20 bit Label = Locally significant to router


3 bit EXP = Class of Service
S bit = Defines last label in the label stack
8 bit TTL = Time to Live

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Label
|

Label

| Exp |S|

TTL

| Stack

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Entry
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10/11/2011

How Labels Work


MPLS Labels are bound to FECs
Forwarding Equivalency Class
IPv4 prefix for our purposes

Router uses MPLS LFIB instead of CEF FIB


or IP routing table to switch traffic
Switching logic
If traffic comes in if1 with label X send it out if2
with label Y
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MPLS Device Roles


MPLS network consists of three types of
devices
Customer Edge (CE)
Provider Edge (PE)
Provider (P)

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10/11/2011

CE Devices
Customer Edge (CE)
Last hop device in customers network
Connects to providers network

Can be layer 2 only or layer 3 aware


Typically not MPLS aware

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PE Devices
Provider Edge (PE)
Previously called Label Edge Routers (LER)

Last hop device in providers network


Connects to CE and Provider core devices

PE performs both IP routing & MPLS lookups

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PE Devices (cont.)
For traffic from customer to core
Receives unlabeled packets (like IPv4)
Adds one or more MPLS labels
Forwards labeled packet to core

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PE Devices (cont.)
For traffic from core to customer
Receives MPLS labeled packets
Removes one or more MPLS labels
Forwards packet to customer

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10/11/2011

P Devices
Provider (P)
Previously called Label Switch Router (LSR)

Core devices in providers network


Connects to PEs and/or other P routers

Switches traffic based only on MPLS labels

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Label Switching Logic

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Label Push / Pop / Swap


PE & P routers perform three major operations
Label push
Add a label to an incoming packet
AKA label imposition

Label swap
Replace the label on an incoming packet

Label pop
Remove the label from an outgoing packet
AKA label disposition
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Label Push / Pop / Swap

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10/11/2011

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)


In previous example PEs perform two lookups
Label lookup for customer
IPv4 lookup for customer

Label lookup can be avoided by the next-to-last


(penultimate) hop performing the pop operation
Accomplished by PE advertising implicit-null
label value
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Penultimate Hop Popping

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10/11/2011

Label Distribution
Labels are advertised via a Label Distribution Protocol
LDP & TDP
Advertises labels for IGP learned routes

MP-BGP
Advertises labels for BGP learned routes
RFC 3107 Carrying Label Information in BGP-4
More in Inter-AS MPLS

RSVP
Used with MPLS Traffic Engineering
Requires manually configured MPLS tunnels
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TDP vs. LDP


Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP)
Originally used with Ciscos Tag Switching
Uses UDP broadcast to port 711 to discover neighbors
Once discovered, TCP session is setup on port 711

Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)


Standard per RFC 3036
Uses UDP multicast to 224.0.0.2 at port 646 to discover
neighbors
Once discovered, TCP session is setup on port 646
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10/11/2011

Enabling TDP & LDP in IOS


Enable CEF globally
Choose TDP, LDP, or both
Default label protocol depends on IOS version
Can be changed with global & interface level mpls label
protocol command

Enable MPLS on the interface


mpls ip

Can also be enabled via IGP autoconfig


Verify adjacency
show mpls ldp neighbor
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Enabling LDP in IOS XR


No support for TDP
Enable LDP globally and specify interfaces
mpls ldp
interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0/0

Also supports IGP autoconfig


Verify adjacency
show mpls ldp neighbor
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10/11/2011

TDP & LDP Caveats


Label protocol must match for adjacency
debug ip packet detail can be used to discover remote
label protocol

Devices must have route to transport-address to


establish TCP session
Transport address comes from LDP Router-ID
Router-ID selection similar to OSPF/BGP/etc.

Can be modified with interface level commands


IOS mpls ldp discovery transport-address
IOS XR discovery transport-address
Similar to BGP update-source
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Basic MPLS Example

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10/11/2011

MPLS Tunnels
One large advantage for SPs is that MPLS
can provide BGP free core
P routers only need IGP information for
internal SP routes
Routes outside the SP network can be label
switched based on the BGP next-hop
Result is that traffic is tunneled over MPLS
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MPLS Tunnels Example

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10/11/2011

MPLS Tunnel Logic

R02 learns 1.1.1.1/32 via EBGP from R01


R02 advertises 1.1.1.1/32 via iBGP to XR1
XR1 sees 1.1.1.1/32 via R02s Loopback
All P/PEs have an IGP route for R02
All P/PEs run LDP
Implies all P/PEs have a label for R02
XR1 uses the label for R02 to get to 1.1.1.1/32
P routers do not need the route for 1.1.1.1/32 since they
have the label for R02

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MPLS Tunnels and Loopbacks


PE routers must peer BGP using a /32
Loopback address
Peering to another interface can cause
problems in PHP
Can also cause problems in OSPF vs. LDP
advertisements
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10/11/2011

Useful MPLS Commands


show mpls ldp interface
show mpls ldp neighbor
show mpls forwarding-table
debug mpls packet

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