Scribd
Upload
167 views

Ch01 Lecture01 PDF

Uploaded by

Reem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
167 views

Ch01 Lecture01 PDF

Uploaded by

Reem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Chapter 1

Units, Physical
Quantities, and Vectors
Lecture 1 Sec. 1.1 1.5
PowerPoint Lectures for

General Physics I and Engineering I


Physics Department, UAEU

Customized by; Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Goals for Lecture 1


Introduce the International System (SI) of units.
Define the three fundamental quantities of mechanics.

Express the physical quantities in SI units.


To keep track of significant figures in calculations

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.1 The nature of physics


Physics is an experimental science in which
physicists study the laws of nature. Its principles
underlie all the basic sciences, such as astronomy,
biology, chemistry and geology., the purpose is to
find physical laws that relate the phenomena of
nature.
A very well established or widely used theory is
called a physical law or principle.

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.2 Solving problems in physics


A problem-solving strategy offers techniques for setting up
and solving problems efficiently and accurately.

I SEE
IDENTIFY the relevant concepts: Identify the target variables of the
problem.
SET UP the problem: Given the concepts you have identified and the
known and target quantities, choose the equations that youll use to solve
the problem and decide how youll use them.
EXECUTE the solution: This is where you do the math.
EVALUATE your answer: Compare your answer with your estimates,
and reconsider things if theres a discrepancy. Ask yourself how you
might answer a more general or more difficult version of the problem you
have just solved.

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.3 Standards and units


In mechanics, three basic quantities are used
Length
Mass
Time
Will also use derived quantities
These are other quantities can be expressed in
terms of the basic quantities

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Standardized System
agreed upon by some authority,
SI International system (Systme International)
It is also called MKS system
Length in meter, mass in kg, and time in second
US Customary (British Engineering system)

Length is measured in feet

Time is measured in seconds

Mass is measured in slugs

often uses weight, in pounds, instead of mass as a fundamental quantity

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Length
Units
SI meter, m
meter the distance traveled by light in vacuum
during a given time

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Mass
Units
SI kilogram, kg

Kilogram - is the mass of a


specific cylinder kept at the
International Bureau of
Standards in France

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Time
Units
seconds, s
Second is the time of oscillation of radiation
from a cesium atom

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Unit prefixes
Used to represent some larger and smaller units for
the fundamental quantities.

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.4 Unit consistency and conversions


An equation must be dimensionally consistent. Terms to be added
or equated must always have the same units.
Always carry units through calculations.

Convert to standard units as necessary.

When you Multiply or Divide measurements you must carry out the same
operation with the units as you do with the numbers
50 cm x 150 cm = 7500 cm2
20 m / 5 s = 4 m/s or 4 ms-1
16m / 4m = 4

When you Add or Subtract measurements they must be in the same units
and the units remain the same
50 cm + 150 cm = 200 cm
20 m/s 15 m/s = 5 m/s

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Unit conversion
Convert 50.0 km/hr to standard units (m/s)

km
km 1000m 1hr
m
50.0
50.0

13.9
hr
hr
1km 3600s
s

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.5 Uncertainty and Significant Figures


A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty.
The length of the nail is
2.8 cm

The length of nail is:


2.85 cm
More accurate measurement

Less uncertainty
The uncertainty of a measured quantity is indicated by its number of
significant figures.

Definition: Significant figures are the meaningful digits in


the measurements
Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Rules for counting Significant figures


1. Nonzero integers always count as significant figures.
1457 has 4 significant figures
23.3 has 3 significant figures
2. Zeros
a.Leading zeros - never count
0.0025
2 significant figures
b.Captive zeros - always count
1.008
4 significant figures
c.Trailing zeros - count only if the number is written with
a decimal point
100
1 significant figure
100.
3 significant figures
120.0 4 significant figures
Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Rules for Multiplication and Division

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Multiplication and Division

32.27 1.54 = 49.6958

49.7

3.68 .07925 = 46.4353312

46.4

1.750 .0342000 = 0.05985

.05985

3.2650106 4.858 = 1.586137 107

1.586 107

6.0221023 1.66110-24 = 1.000000

1.000

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Class Activities

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

How Many Significant Figures?

1422

102

65,321

102.0

1.004 x 105

1.02

200

0.00102
0.10200

435.662
50.041

Customized by; Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

1.02 x 104
1.020 x 104

Example 1.1
The official world land speed record is 1228 mile/h.
set on October 15. 1997, by Andy Green
Express this speed in meters per second.

1 mile 1609 m

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Example 1.2
The volume of the world's largest cut diamond is
1.84 cubic inches.
1 inch 2.54 cm
What is its volume in:
cubic centimetres?
cubic meters?

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Calculate the following.


Give your answer to the correct number of
significant figures and use the correct units

11.7 km x 15.02 km =
12 mm x 34 mm x 9.445 mm =

14.05 m / 7 s =
108 kg / 550 m3 =
23.2 L + 14 L =
55.3 s + 11.799 s =
16.37 cm 4.2 cm =

350.55 km 234348 m =
Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

Summary
By the end of this lecture students are able to:
Define the standards for SI units
Convert units of physical quantities to SI units
Use of significant figures in calculations

Customized by: Physics Department, UAEU, 2014.

You might also like