criminology
introduction
criminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual an social
phenomenon
criminological research areas include
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The incidence and forms of crime as well as
Its causes and consequences.
Also include social and governmental regulations and reactions to crime.
Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in the behavioral sciences,
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Drawing especially on
The research of sociologists and psychologists, as well as on
Writings in law
In 1885, Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo coined the term
criminology (in Italian, criminologia)
1. SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
In the mid-eighteenth century, criminology arose as social
philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law.
A crime is an act the violates
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A political,
Religious, or
Moral command
Considered important in protecting
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Interests of the state or
The welfare of its citizens or subjects.
The word crime came from Latin word crimen
1.1 CLASSICAL SCHOOL
The classical school in criminology is usually a reference to the eighteenth
century work by
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The utilitarian and social contract philosophers Cesare Beccaria and
Jeremy Bentham
Their interests lay
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In the system of criminal justice and,
Indirectly through the propone that man is a calculating animal, in
the causes of criminal behavior.
The classical school, which developed in the mind 18 th century, was based
on utilitarian philosophy.
{Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that the moral worth of an action is
solely determined by its contribution to overall utility}
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham and other classical philosophers
argued that people have free will to choose how to act.
Deterrence {disuacion} is based upon the utilitarian ontological motion of
the human
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A hedonist who seeks pleasure and avoids pain, and
A rational calculator weighing up the costs and benefits of the
consequences of each action.
Thus, it ignore the possibility of irrationality and unconscious
