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C Seismic Factor Soil Fundamental Period of Vibration S Soil T Fundamental Period of Vibration

This document provides formulas and definitions for calculating base shear, seismic forces, wind pressures, and other structural design parameters. The key points are: 1) Base shear (V) is calculated as the site factor (Z) multiplied by the importance factor (I) multiplied by the seismic weight (W) divided by the response modification factor (Rw). 2) The seismic factor (C) accounts for soil type and the fundamental period of vibration and must be less than or equal to 0.14. 3) Total horizontal seismic force is calculated as the zone factor (Z) multiplied by the importance factor (I) multiplied by the structural system factor (K) multiplied by the flexibility factor (C)

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Muhammed Mohsin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views

C Seismic Factor Soil Fundamental Period of Vibration S Soil T Fundamental Period of Vibration

This document provides formulas and definitions for calculating base shear, seismic forces, wind pressures, and other structural design parameters. The key points are: 1) Base shear (V) is calculated as the site factor (Z) multiplied by the importance factor (I) multiplied by the seismic weight (W) divided by the response modification factor (Rw). 2) The seismic factor (C) accounts for soil type and the fundamental period of vibration and must be less than or equal to 0.14. 3) Total horizontal seismic force is calculated as the zone factor (Z) multiplied by the importance factor (I) multiplied by the structural system factor (K) multiplied by the flexibility factor (C)

Uploaded by

Muhammed Mohsin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASE SHEAR

V = ZIC W
Rw
C = 1.25 S
T 2/3
T = Ct x hn 3/4
V = base shear
Z = site
I = importance factor
Essential:
1.15 = wind
1.25 = seismic
1.50 = seismic elements

W = dead load
Rw = method of construction/lateral load resisting system
Rw high = ductile
Rw low = stiff

C = seismic factor = soil; fundamental period of vibration


S = soil
T = fundamental period of vibration
Ct = material stiffness
hn = height of bldg.
Ct = .035 steel, moment resisting frame MRF
.030 concrete, reinforced concrete moment resisting frame RF; eccentric braced frames EBF MRF
.020 other
S1 = rock,stiff = 1.0
S2 = stiff clay, med. = 1.2
S3 = soft to med. Stiff clays & sand, soft = 1.5
* if no soil factor given then 1.5
* if no soil factor given then 2.75
notes_________________________
- product of C + S not to exceed .14
- Cmax = 2.75
- min C_ = .075
Rw
- greater Rw = greater ductility
- value of C not to exceed .12

Total horizontal seismic force


ZIKCSW
K = type of structural system
C = flexibility fundamental period of vibration, height & plan dimensions
Distribution of Base Shear
Fx = (V-Ft) wx x hx

E
wx
hx

E wh

wh

= dead load @ level x (distributed weight)


= height in ft above base level (height above floor)

= summation of wh for each level (*multiply)


Fx
= distributed force @ each level
V
= base shear
Ft
= whiplash factor ( T > .7 sec.)
Ft = .07TV
Ft = lateral load
T = fundamental period of vibration
* if T is less than .7, then Ft = 0
* T = greater than .7 seconds, additional force must be added to top of bldg.

DESIGN WIND PRESSURE


(psf)

P = Ce Cq qs I
Ce = bldg. height, exposure, gust factor
Cq = pressure/bldg. part : Method 1 = normal force method (perp. + gable), Method 2 projected area
qs = wind stagnation pressure
I = importance factor
Design Wind Pressure Distribution
Ce = differs per height !!! @ each height
windward - inward
leeward outward
roof
Part of Structure
Fp = Z I Cp Wp

( ZIC part of structure = greater value than ZIC )


Rw whole bldg.

Fp = lateral seismic Force


Z = zone
I = importance factor
Cp = horizontal force factor either .75 or 2.0 (cantilevered)
Wp = weight (per ft of length = w (load) x height
* Moment on part of structure = F x h/2
Wind Pressure
2
*wind pressure P = wind velocity
*if wind velocity doubles pressure increases x 4
*no reduction in wind pressure is allowed with model bldg. codes.
*wind forces have NOTHING to do with MASS of bldg.
*period of vibration = height__
stiffness
2

*p = .00256V (fastest mile velocity in miles per hr.) (stagnation direct wind pressure)
2

= kv

P = wind pressure -psf


k = constant
2

= wind velocity - mph

Force in Member
1.

EH

2.

= 0

av =
ah

3.

av = y ah (solve for other)


x
_____________
I
2
2
\I (ah) + (av)
Drift
btwn. stories
(.0025 x story height)

maximum
(1/500 of height)

* IBC = bldgs. over 160-0 high MUST have MRSF (resisting not less than 25% of req. seismic force)\
*max. allowable drift:
.0025 = wind - of story height)
.005 = earthquake (1/2%) - of story height

(force) f = P (weight/load)
A (area)

unit stress
internal force per unit area

unit strain
modulus of elasticityE
*stiffness of material
*brings together unit stress & unit strain
*ability to resist deformat

= / \ (total change)
L (original length)
=

P
A____
/ \_
L

Newtons Law
F = Ma (force = mass x acceleration)
A= F
M

&

F = a_ W
g

mass = weight / g
g = acceleration of gravity
g = 32 feet per second

Active Lateral Soil Pressure


Retaining Wall Earth Pressure
2
P = 15h

2
OR

P = ph
2

p = fluid pressure = 30 pcf


P = horizontal force = equivalent fluid pressure
2
h = square of retained height
2
OTM = 15h x 1/3 height (horizontal force x height)
* can use 1.5 of soil weight to resist

Moment = F x d (force x distance)


Dead Load Resisting Moment - * vertical DL x distance
MR =

DL soil x DL wall = (DL total) x (1/2 length) = MR


1.5 MO = MR (1.5 overturning moment = resisting moment)
(1.5 overturning moment < resisting moment = OKAY)
*DL moment must be equal to or more than 1.5 overturning moment (OTM)

Overturning Moment
1. (horiz. force x height) + (horz. force x height) = * for BLDG. (force x distance)
2. horiz. force x height
(part of structure)

Uplift
OTM______ = only 85% of DL may be used to resist uplift
horiz. distance

Saftey Factor
DL resisting moment / OTM
*must be = or < 1.5 OTM

(DL x .85)

load transfer
* VERTICAL continuous connections follow thru
* LATERAL support - positive + direct
*anchorage
*metal straps
*min. force = 200 lbs/lin. ft.
2

Max Moment = M = wl
8
Reaction magnitude + direction
= wL
2
Total Shear =
(V = total shear)

Vs = FL
2

(horizontal force x height = plf) (force x distance)

(force or load per lineal ft. x length of wall)

Unit Shear Stress = v = Vs (total shear)


d (depth)
2

Max Chord Force C = wl (maximum moment)


8__
d (diaphragm depth)
Max Diaphragm Shear Stress
wl (reaction & shear force)
2_______
diaphragm depth
Torsional moment
TM = force x (distance btwn. center of mass + center of rigidity)
Multi-story overturning moment
OTM = E (Fx x hx)
((OTM = (F1 x h1) + (F2 x h2) + (F3 x h3)

(height to floor level))

Minimum Nail Spacing


1. # of nails required

total load__________
allowable load per nail

2. spacing

= length in inches
# of nails

(*multiply by 12 to get inches)

Bolt Spacing based on capacity


1.spacing

= allowable bolt shear # per bolt = x


diaphragm # per ft.

ft/bolt x 12 (for inches)

2. # of bolts = lbs uplift________


resist lbs each bolt

fundamental period of vibration


* dependent on mass (weight) + stiffness (rigidity)
* Long perios = Low seismic force + Low acceleration
* short period = high seismic force + high acceleration
* does NOT vary directly with height but 3/4 power of height
P delta
/ \ = story drift
P = vertical load in column
* bending is increased by P x A (or P-delta)

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