Italy Facility

Via S. Giorgio, 642

52028 Terranuova Bracciolini
Italy
+39 055 9195 1
Camarillo Facility
740 Calle Plano
Camarillo, California, 93012
United States
805-987-8741

INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR THE INSTALLER

TRIO-20.0-TL / TRIO-27.6-TL

http://www.power-one.com

000001BG - Cod. M000001BG

TRANSLATION OF THE ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS

This manual must be considered as an integral part of the equipment,
and must be available at all times to
everyone who interacts with the equipment.
The manual must always accompany the equipment,
even when it is transferred to another user.
Operators are under an obligation to read this manual and strictly
follow the instructions given in it,
because Power-One cannot be held responsible for damage caused
to people or property, or for damage to the equipment,
if the conditions described below are not complied with.
The customer is under an obligation to keep the industrial secret,
and therefore the following documentation and its annexes
non may not be tampered with or modified, reproduced or transferred to
third parties, without the authorization of Power-One.
-1-

1
1 - Introduction and general information
Warranty and supply conditions
The warranty conditions are described in a special certificate supplied with the equipment. The warranty conditions are also considered to be valid if the customer complies with what is described in this
manual; any conditions departing from those described below must be
expressly agreed in the purchase order.
Power-one declares that the equipment is in conformity with the current provisions
of law in the European Economic Community and issues a DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY for it.

Not included in the supply

Power-one accepts no liability for failure to comply with the instructions for correct
installation and cannot be held responsible for the systems upstream or downstream
of the equipment it has supplied.
It is absolutely forbidden to make modifications to the equipment.
The Customer is fully responsible for any modifications made to the system.
It is not possible to anticipate the great number of installations and environments in which the equipment will be installed; it is therefore necessary to check the following: adequate spaces, suitable for housing the
equipment; airborne noise produced based on the environment; possible flammability conditions.
Power-one cannot be held responsible for non-production even if this
is due to failures of the equipment, or the data communication system.

000002AG

Power-one CANNOT be held responsible for defects or malfunctioning

arising from: improper use of the equipment; deterioration due to transport or particular environmental conditions; failure to carry out maintenance or improper maintenance; tampering or temporary repairs; use or
installation carried out by unqualified people.
Power-one CANNOT be held responsible for disposal of: displays, cables, batteries, accumulators, etc. The customer must dispose of these
substances, which are potentially harmful to the environment, in accordance with the regulations in force in the country of installation.

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Introduction and general information

Contents

1 - Introduction and general information........................................................2

Warranty and supply conditions....................................................................................2
Not included in the supply........................................................................................................2

Contents............................................................................................................................3
Reference number index.................................................................................................7
Graphical representation of references........................................................................8
Analytical index................................................................................................................9
The document and who it is for ..................................................................................13
Purpose and structure of the document................................................................................13
List of annexes . ....................................................................................................................13
Staff characteristics................................................................................................................13

Reference regulations ..................................................................................................14

Symbols and signs........................................................................................................15
Field of use, general conditions . ................................................................................16

Intended or allowed use.........................................................................................................16

Limits of the field of use.........................................................................................................16
Improper or disallowed use ..................................................................................................16

2 - Characteristics.................................................................................17
General conditions........................................................................................................17
Models and range of equipment..................................................................................18
Identification of the equipment and the manufacturer...........................................................18

Characteristics and technical data..............................................................................19

Overall dimensions................................................................................................................21
Tightening torques.................................................................................................................21

Efficiency curves............................................................................................................22
Power Derating...............................................................................................................23
Power reduction due to environmental conditions.................................................................23
Power reduction due to the input voltage..............................................................................23

Characteristics of a photovoltaic generator...............................................................25

Strings and Arrays..................................................................................................................25

Description of the equipment.......................................................................................26

Operating diagram.................................................................................................................26
Connection of several inverters together...............................................................................27
Notes on the sizing of the system..........................................................................................27
Functionality and components of the equipment . ................................................................28
Topographic diagram of the equipment.................................................................................29

000003BG

Protective devices.........................................................................................................31

Anti-Islanding.........................................................................................................................31
Ground fault in the photovoltaic panels.................................................................................31
String fuses............................................................................................................................31
Overvoltage surge arresters..................................................................................................31
Further protective devices.....................................................................................................31
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Introduction and general information

3 - Safety and accident prevention......................................................32

Safety instructions and general information .............................................................32
Hazardous areas and operations ................................................................................33
Environmental conditions and risks.......................................................................................33
Signs and plates....................................................................................................................33
Thermal hazard . ...................................................................................................................34
Clothing and protective devices for staff................................................................................34

Residual Risks................................................................................................................35

Table of residual risks............................................................................................................35

4 - Lifting and transport.......................................................................36

General conditions .......................................................................................................36

Transport and handling .........................................................................................................36

Lifting......................................................................................................................................36
Unpacking and checking ......................................................................................................36
List of supplied components..................................................................................................37
Kit of recommended spare parts...........................................................................................38
Weight of the equipment units...............................................................................................39

5 - Installation........................................................................................40
General conditions .......................................................................................................40
Environmental checks............................................................................................................41
Installations above 2000 metres............................................................................................41
Installation position.................................................................................................................42

Wall mounting.................................................................................................................43
Operations preparatory to PV generator connection................................................44
Checking the correct polarity of the strings...........................................................................44
Checking of leakage to ground of the photovoltaic generator...............................................44
Choice of differential protection downstream of the inverter.................................................44

Wiring Box components...............................................................................................46

Configuration of single or parallel-connected input channels.................................47
Configuration of parallel-connected channels.......................................................................47
Configuration of independent channels.................................................................................47
Channel configuration examples...........................................................................................48

Input connection to the PV generator (DC side)........................................................49

Connection of inputs on the Basic and S2 models................................................................49
Connection of inputs on the S2X model................................................................................50
Procedure for installing quick fit connectors..........................................................................51

String protection fuses (S2X models only).................................................................52

Sizing of fuses........................................................................................................................52
Procedure for choosing the fuses..........................................................................................53

000003BG

Grid output connection (AC side)................................................................................56

Characteristics and sizing of the line cable...........................................................................56
Load protection switch (AC disconnect switch).....................................................................57
Connection to the AC side terminal board.............................................................................57

Communication card.....................................................................................................58
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Introduction and general information

Connections to the communication card....................................................................59

Serial communication (RS485)..............................................................................................59

Procedure for connection to a monitoring system.................................................................60
Monitoring system via serial (RS485) . .................................................................................61
Monitoring system via Radiomodule......................................................................................62
Configurable relay..................................................................................................................62
Environmental sensors .........................................................................................................64
Specifications of environmental sensors...............................................................................64
Connection diagrams for environmental sensors..................................................................65
Remote control.......................................................................................................................66
Auxiliary 5 V output................................................................................................................66
SD card..................................................................................................................................66

Setting the country and the language.........................................................................67

Saving the country standard and language...........................................................................68

6 - Instruments......................................................................................69
General conditions .......................................................................................................69
Display and keypad.......................................................................................................70
Description of symbols and display fields..............................................................................70
Description of the keypad......................................................................................................72

7 - Operation..........................................................................................73
General conditions .......................................................................................................73
Monitoring and data transmission...............................................................................74
User interface mode...............................................................................................................74
Types of data available..........................................................................................................74

Commissioning..............................................................................................................75

Dynamic behaviour of the display..........................................................................................77

LED behaviour................................................................................................................78

Specifications on the behaviour of the LEDs.........................................................................79

Insulation fault LED................................................................................................................79

Description of the menus..............................................................................................80

Using the panel buttons.........................................................................................................80

Statistics menu.......................................................................................................................81
Settings menu........................................................................................................................83
Information menu...................................................................................................................87

AUTOTEST procedure...................................................................................................88
Description of the tests that can be carried out.....................................................................88

8 - Maintenance.....................................................................................90
General conditions .......................................................................................................90

000003BG

Routine maintenance.............................................................................................................91
Special maintenance..............................................................................................................91
Alarm Messages....................................................................................................................92

Verification of ground leakage ....................................................................................98

Behaviour of a system without leakage.................................................................................98
Behaviour of a system with leakage......................................................................................99
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Introduction and general information

Measuring the insulation resistance (Riso)..............................................................100

Storage and dismantling . ..........................................................................................101

000003BG

Storage of the equipment or prolonged stop.......................................................................101

Dismantling, decommissioning and disposal.......................................................................101

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Introduction and general information

Reference number index

000003BG

01, bracket ................................................................................................................................................ 35, 43

02, wiring box................................................................................................... 18, 21, 31, 43, 46, 49, 56, 91
03, inverter................................................................................................................................... 43, 46, 49, 56
04, cover............................................................................................................................................. 43, 49, 56
05, clamp screw................................................................................................................................................ 43
06, handles................................................................................................................................................. 39, 43
07, connector screws........................................................................................................................................ 43
08, front cover................................................................................................................................................... 91
09, communication card................................................................................................. 47, 58, 59, 62, 66, 91
10, service cable glands............................................................................................................................ 59, 62
11, DC cable glands................................................................................................................................... 21, 49
12, jumpers....................................................................................................................................................... 47
13, DC input terminal board................................................................................................................ 21, 47, 49
14, AC+DC disconnect switch..................................................................................................... 18, 46, 49, 75
15, DC overvoltage surge arresters............................................................................................. 18, 31, 46, 91
16, AC cable gland.............................................................................................................................. 21, 56, 57
17, AC output terminal board.............................................................................................................. 21, 56, 57
18, AC overvoltage surge arresters............................................................................................. 18, 31, 46, 91
19, Input connectors (MPPT1).......................................................................................................................... 46
20, Input connectors (MPPT2).......................................................................................................................... 46
21, anti-condensation valve.............................................................................................................................. 46
22, string fuses...................................................................................................................... 18, 31, 46, 50, 52
23, display........................................................................................................ 67, 70, 72, 74, 78, 79, 80, 92
24, keypad......................................................................................................................................................... 72
25, LED panel................................................................................................................ 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80
26, heatsink....................................................................................................................................................... 91

-7-

Introduction and general information

Graphical representation of references

26

23 - 24

25

01

09

06

13 12

MEMORY
CARD

BASE / S2

COM
CARD

03

10

11

14 17 16

10

11

14

09

04
02

15

21 16

13 12

18

05

MEMORY
CARD

S2X

COM
CARD

10

22

14 17 16

09
07
10

000003BG

08

-8-

19 20

14

21 16

Introduction and general information

Analytical index

A
AC cable gland 16............................................................................................................................... 21, 56, 57
accident-prevention regulations........................................................................................................................ 32
AC+DC disconnect switch 14...................................................................................................... 18, 46, 49, 75
AC output terminal board 17............................................................................................................... 21, 56, 57
AC overvoltage surge arresters 18.............................................................................................. 18, 31, 46, 91
AC voltage.................................................................................................................................................. 56, 71
alarm............................................................................................ 28, 62, 63, 80, 85, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97
altitude............................................................................................................................................................... 41
analogue sensors................................................................................................................................ 28, 64, 86
anomaly................................................................................................................... 34, 44, 72, 78, 79, 91, 94
anti-condensation valve 21............................................................................................................................... 46
array............................................................................................................................................. 25, 29, 49, 50
autotest................................................................................................................................................ 84, 88, 94

B
bracket 01................................................................................................................................................. 35, 43

C
clamp screw 05................................................................................................................................................. 43
cleaning...................................................................................................................................................... 35, 90
clothing....................................................................................................................................................... 15, 34
communication card 09.................................................................................................. 47, 58, 59, 62, 66, 91
connection to the grid..................................................................................................... 71, 76, 78, 85, 94, 95
connectors............................................................................. 18, 35, 37, 46, 49, 50, 51, 59, 60, 62, 64, 91
connector screws 07......................................................................................................................................... 43
cooling.......................................................................................................................................... 16, 35, 41, 91
country of installation................................................................................. 2, 15, 28, 32, 33, 36, 56, 67, 101
country standard........................................................................................................................................ 67, 68
cover 04.............................................................................................................................................. 43, 49, 56

000003BG

data transmission................................................................................................................................ 28, 62, 74

DC cable glands 11.................................................................................................................................... 21, 49
DC input terminal board 13................................................................................................................. 21, 47, 49
DC overvoltage surge arresters 15.............................................................................................. 18, 31, 46, 91
declaration of conformity................................................................................................................................... 13
degree of protection................................................................................................................................... 15, 41
derating...................................................................................................... 19, 20, 23, 31, 41, 42, 55, 70, 77
discharges.................................................................................................................................... 31, 33, 35, 41
display 23......................................................................................................... 67, 70, 72, 74, 78, 79, 80, 92
disposal............................................................................................................................................... 2, 33, 101

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Introduction and general information

E

efficiency............................................................................................................................................. 22, 29, 91

electrocution hazards................................................................................................................................. 49, 57
electromagnetic interference............................................................................................................................ 41
electrostatic charges........................................................................................................................... 16, 34, 90
energy conservation.......................................................................................................................................... 22
environmental conditions........................................................................... 2, 16, 23, 26, 28, 33, 64, 91, 100
environmental sensors........................................................................................................................ 58, 64, 65
eyebolts........................................................................................................................................ 36, 38, 39, 43

F
fans.................................................................................................................................................................... 91
fault................................................................................. 31, 44, 45, 52, 55, 72, 78, 79, 80, 91, 93, 94, 98
field of use......................................................................................................................................................... 16
fire.............................................................................................................................................................. 34, 52
firmware..................................................................................................................................................... 28, 87
flammability........................................................................................................................................... 2, 16, 33
front cover 08.................................................................................................................................................... 91

G
grid. 16, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 41, 44, 56, 57, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 7
7, 78, 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100
grid company......................................................................................................................... 28, 70, 94, 95, 96
grid standard......................................................................................................................... 67, 71, 75, 87, 88
grid voltage....................................................... 23, 25, 31, 71, 72, 75, 76, 78, 85, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96
grounded............................................................................................................................................. 15, 16, 60
ground fault.................................................................................................................................. 31, 45, 72, 98
ground leakage..................................................................................................................... 44, 92, 93, 98, 99

H
handles 06.................................................................................................................................................. 39, 43
heatsink 26........................................................................................................................................................ 91
humidity................................................................................................................................. 16, 33, 35, 36, 41

000003BG

I
input channels................................................................................................................ 37, 46, 47, 58, 92, 93
Input connectors (MPPT1) 19........................................................................................................................... 46
Input connectors (MPPT2) 20........................................................................................................................... 46
input power........................................................................................................................................................ 78
inputs................................................................................................... 28, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 86, 87, 92, 93
input voltage........................................................................................ 23, 26, 44, 63, 70, 78, 85, 92, 93, 96
installation conditions................................................................................................................... 18, 32, 47, 48
insulation resistance............................................................................... 44, 76, 78, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100
inverter 03.................................................................................................................................... 43, 46, 49, 56
inverter operation................................................................................................................................ 23, 26, 48
islanding.............................................................................................................................................. 20, 25, 31

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Introduction and general information

J

jumpers 12........................................................................................................................................................ 47

K
keypad 24.......................................................................................................................................................... 72

L
language............................................................................................................................... 46, 58, 67, 68, 84
LED panel 25................................................................................................................. 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80
lifting.................................................................................................................................................... 36, 38, 43
long distance..................................................................................................................................................... 60
long or prolonged stop.................................................................................................................................... 101

M
magnetic fields.................................................................................................................................................. 33
materials.......................................................................................................................................................... 101
models................................................................................................. 17, 18, 22, 37, 46, 49, 52, 57, 95, 96
monitoring............................................................................................................... 28, 31, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64

N
national electricity grid...................................................................................................................................... 25
national grid......................................................................................................................................... 16, 26, 57
noise...................................................................................................................................................... 2, 34, 41

O
operator................................................................................................................................. 13, 16, 69, 73, 80
output power.............................................................................................................................................. 18, 23
overheating......................................................................................................................................... 34, 35, 41

000003BG

packaging.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
personal protective equipment..................................................................................................... 13, 15, 34, 90
photovoltaic panels...................................................................................................................... 27, 31, 41, 91
photovoltaic system.............................................................................................................. 25, 26, 27, 45, 49
place of installation.............................................................................................................................. 35, 41, 42
plates............................................................................................................................................ 15, 18, 33, 35
polarity........................................................................................................................................................ 44, 96
pollution............................................................................................................................................. 20, 35, 101
power graph...................................................................................................................................................... 77
power reduction................................................................................................................................................ 23
professional figures.................................................................................................................................... 13, 17
protective devices............................................................................................................................... 29, 31, 34
PV generator.................................... 25, 44, 48, 49, 52, 71, 77, 78, 85, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100
PV modules................................................................................................................................ 25, 52, 78, 100

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Introduction and general information

R

radiomodule........................................................................................................................................ 28, 58, 62

reactive power................................................................................................................................................... 28
reference standards.......................................................................................................................................... 14
relay......................................................................................................................... 28, 58, 62, 63, 85, 94, 95
remote control................................................................................................................................................... 66
removal of guards............................................................................................................................................. 34
risks..................................................................................................................................................... 14, 33, 35

S
SD Card............................................................................................................................................................ 66
serial interface............................................................................................................................................ 28, 74
serial line.................................................................................................................................................... 60, 74
service cable glands 10............................................................................................................................. 59, 62
short-circuit........................................................................................................................................ 52, 54, 100
signs........................................................................................................................................................... 14, 15
sizing of the system................................................................................................................................... 27, 44
spare parts.......................................................................................................................................... 32, 38, 90
staff...................................................................................................... 15, 16, 32, 34, 35, 36, 40, 73, 90, 91
statistics...................................................................................................................................................... 81, 82
storage............................................................................................................................................................ 101
string fuses 22....................................................................................................................... 18, 31, 46, 50, 52
strings.................................................................................... 25, 44, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 77, 87, 93, 94, 96

T
Table: Components supplied with the equipment............................................................................................. 37
Table: country standard and language............................................................................................................. 67
Table: electrical system components................................................................................................................ 46
Table: LED behaviour........................................................................................................................................ 78
Table of residual risks....................................................................................................................................... 35
Table: Symbols.................................................................................................................................................. 15
temperature...................................................... 15, 16, 23, 28, 34, 35, 41, 42, 53, 54, 55, 64, 70, 86, 93
temperature sensor........................................................................................................................................... 64
temporary repairs.................................................................................................................................. 2, 32, 90
training................................................................................................................................... 13, 14, 35, 40, 69
transformer.......................................................................................................................................... 15, 29, 85
transport.................................................................................................................................. 2, 36, 37, 38, 39

000003BG

warranty....................................................................................................................................................... 2, 13
weather conditions.............................................................................................................................. 35, 73, 91
wiring box 02.................................................................................................... 18, 21, 31, 43, 46, 49, 56, 91
work environment....................................................................................................................................... 34, 35

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Introduction and general information

The document and who it is for

Purpose and structure of the document

This operating and maintenance manual is a valid guide that will enable
you to work safely and carry out the operations necessary for keeping
the equipment in good working order.
The document was originally written in ITALIAN; therefore, in the event of inconsistencies or doubts please ask the manufacturer for the original document.

List of annexes
In addition to this operating and maintenance manual, (if applicable or
on request) the following attached documentation is supplied:
- EC declaration of conformity
- quick installation guide
- service manual for the installer
- warranty
WARNING: Part of the information given in this document is taken from the original
documents of the suppliers. This document contains only the information considered
necessary for the use and routine maintenance of the equipment.

Staff characteristics
The customer must make sure the operator has the necessary skill and training to do
his/her job. Staff in charge of using and maintaining the equipment must be skilled,
aware and mature for the described tasks and must have the reliability to correctly
interpret what is described in the manual.
The employment of a person who is NOT qualified, is drunk or on narcotics, has a
prosthetic mitral valve or a pacemaker is strictly forbidden.

000004AG

The customer is civilly liable for the qualification and mental or physical condition of
the professional figures who interact with the equipment. They must always use the
personal protective equipment provided for by the laws of the country of destination
and whatever is provided by their employer.

- 13 -

Introduction and general information

Reference regulations

The reference standards complied with in the design and manufacture of the equipment are described below.
2006/95/EC Low voltage directive (ex 73/23/EEC).
2004/108/EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive, Italian Legislative Decree D.Lgs. 6/11/2007 no. 194 (ex 89/336/EEC).
D.Lgs. no. 81 of 9/4/2008 Implementation of the Consolidation Act on
safety (ex D.Lgs. 626/94 of 18/9/1994), directives for improvement of
occupational health and safety.
UNI EN ISO 14121-1: 2007 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk
assessment.
IEC EN 60204-1: 2006 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of
machines. Part 1: General requirements.
UNI EN 12198-2: 2009 Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery.
UNI 9513:1989 Vibration and shock. Vocabulary. - Defines terms relating to vibration and shock.
IEC 70-1 (EN 60529 June 1997) Degrees of protection provided by
enclosures (IP code).
UNI 10893: 2000 Technical product documentation - instructions for
use. Organization and order of contents.
UNI ISO 10015: 2001 Guidelines for training.
ISO 7000 - DIN 30600 Graphic symbols and signs for function identification.

000005BG

UNI 11394: 2001 Technical information - System for assessing the

instructions for use of technical goods.

- 14 -

Introduction and general information

Symbols and signs

Table: Symbols
In the manual and/or in some cases on the equipment, the danger or
hazard zones are indicated with signs, plates, symbols or icons, like the
CE marking.
This points out that it is mandatory to consult the manual or original document, which must be available for future use and must not be damaged
in any way.
This points out operations or situations in which staff must be very careful, respectively:
Generic hazard or hazardous voltage
This points out a hazard due to the presence of heated areas or in any
case areas that have hot parts (danger of burns).
This points out that the examined area must not be entered or that the
described operation must not be carried out.
This points out that the equipment must not be worked on by anyone
with a pacemaker, prosthetic mitral valve or prostheses with electronic
circuits.
This points out that it is mandatory to carry out the described operations
using the clothing and/or personal protective equipment provided by the
employer.

IP65

This indicates the degree of protection of the equipment according to

IEC standard 70-1 (EN 60529 June 1997).
The system must be grounded

This indicates the allowed temperature range

This indicates the risk of electric shock. Time needed to discharge stored
energy: 10 minutes
This indicates that the equipment must be disposed of in accordance
with the regulations in force in the country of installation.

000006AG

Respectively direct current and alternating current

There is no transformer

- 15 -

Introduction and general information

Field of use, general conditions

Power-One accepts no liability for damage of any kind that may arise
from incorrect or careless operations.
The equipment must not be used for uses that do not fall within the intended field of
use. The equipment MUST NOT be used by inexperienced staff, or by experienced
staff to carry out operations on the equipment that are not in accordance with what is
described in this manual and in the attached documents.

Intended or allowed use

This equipment is a multi-string inverter designed to:
transform a direct electric current (DC)
coming from a photovoltaic generator (PV)
into an alternating electric current (AC)
Suitable for being fed into the national grid.

Limits of the field of use

The inverter can be used only with photovoltaic modules that do not require one of the
poles to be grounded.
The operating current dispersed during normal operation must not exceed the limits
specified in the technical specifications.
Only one photovoltaic generator can be connected to the input of the inverter (do not
connect batteries or other sources of power supply)
The inverter can be connected to the electricity grid in qualified countries only.
The inverter can be used only if all the technical characteristics are observed.

Improper or disallowed use

000007AG

IP65

THE FOLLOWING ARE STRICTLY FORBIDDEN:

Installing the equipment in environments with particular flammability conditions or in
adverse or disallowed environmental conditions (temperature and humidity)..
Using the equipment with the safety devices not working or disabled.
Using the equipment or parts of the equipment by connecting it to other machines or
equipment, unless expressly provided for.
Modifying the operating parameters that are not accessible to the operator and/or
parts of the equipment to vary the performance or change its insulations.
Cleaning with corrosive products that may corrode parts of the equipment or generate electrostatic charges.
Using or installing the equipment or parts of it without having read and correctly interpreted the contents of the operating and maintenance manual.
Warming or drying rags and clothes on parts at temperature. Besides being dangerous, this would compromise the ventilation and cooling of the components.
- 16 -

2
2 - Characteristics
General conditions
The description of the characteristics of the equipment allows its main
components to be identified, to refine the technical terminology used in
the manual.
The technical terminology and the quick information finding system are
assisted by the following:
Contents
Numerical index of references
Index.
The Characteristics chapter contains information about the models, the
composition of the equipment, the characteristics and technical data, the
overall dimensions and the identification of the equipment.
This manual should be read in chronological order as established by the manufacturer and the reader assumes responsibility for failure to do so. All the information is
given considering each time that the information of the preceding chapters has been
acknowledged.

000008AG

In some cases, there may be a need to separately document the operation of the software or to attach supplementary documentation to this
manual for more qualified professional figures.

- 17 -

Characteristics

Models and range of equipment

The specific models of multi-string inverter that this manual is about are
divided into two groups according to the maximum output power (20 kW
or 27.6 kW).
For inverters of equal output power, the variant between the various
models is the layout of the wiring box 02.
The choice of model of inverter must be made by a qualified technician who knows
about the installation conditions, the devices that will be installed outside the inverter
and possible integration with an existing system.
20 kW three-phase MODELS
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD: Basic version wiring box
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2: S2 wiring box version (with AC+DC disconnect switch 14)
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X: S2X wiring box version (with quick fit connectors, string fuses 22, DC overvoltage surge arresters 15, AC overvoltage surge arresters 18 and AC+DC disconnect switch)
27.6 kW three-phase MODELS
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD: Basic version wiring box
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2: S2 wiring box version (with AC+DC disconnect switch)
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X: S2X wiring box version (with quick fit connectors, string fuses, DC overvoltage surge arresters, AC overvoltage
surge arresters and AC+DC disconnect switch)

Identification of the equipment and the manufacturer

000009AG

The technical data shown in this manual do not in any case replace
those shown on the plates attached to the equipment.
The plates attached to the equipment must NOT be removed, damaged, dirtied, hidden, etc.

N.B. The plates must NOT

be hidden with objects and
extraneous parts (rags, boxes,
equipment, etc.); they must be
cleaned regularly and kept visible
at all times.

- 18 -

Characteristics

Characteristics and technical data

Table: Technical Data
Input
Rated Input Power (Pdcr)
Maximum Input Power (Pdcmax)
Rated Input Voltage (Vdcr)
Input Activation Voltage (Vstart)
Input operating range (Vdcmin...Vdcmax)
Input voltage interval for MPP
Maximum Input Power for each MPPT
Input voltage Range for Operation at rated power
with Configuration of the MPPTs in parallel
Voltage Range for Full Power Operation with Configuration of Independent MPPTs
Absolute Maximum Input Voltage (Vmax,abs)
Power derating vs. Input voltage
(parallel or independent MPPT configuration)
Number of Independent MPPTs
Maximum current for each MPPT
Number of Pairs of DC Connections at Input

Type of Input DC Connectors

Maximum current accepted by the Input Connector

(Icon,max)
Input protection
Reverse Polarity Protection
Short Circuit Input Current
Input Overvoltage Protection - Varistors
Input Overvoltage Protection - DIN rail surge arrester (-S2X version)
Isolation Control

000047AG

Input-ground capacity that can be borne without

leakage protection
DC disconnect switch (-S2 and -S2X version)
Fuses (-S2X version)
Output
AC connection to the Grid
Rated Output Power (Pacr)
Maximum Output Power (Pacmax)

TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD

TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD

20750 Wp
22700 Wp
620 V
360 V (adj. 250...500 V)
0.7 x Vstart...970 V
200...950V
12000 W
440...800 V

28600 Wp
31000 Wp
620 V
360 V (adj. 250...500 V)
0.7 x Vstart...970 V
200...950V
16000 W
500...800 V

480...800 V (@12.0 kW)

/ 350...800 (@8.75 kW)
1000 V
Derating from Pacr to 3kW
[800V<= Vmppt<=950V]
2
25.0 A
1 for each MPPT
(Basic and -S2 version)
4 for each MPPT
(-S2X version)
Basic and -S2: screw
terminal board (max
section 50 mm2)
-S2X: Weidmuller or MC4
20.0 A / -S2X version:
12A (fuse size)

500...800 V (@16.0 kW)

/ 400...800 (@12.6 kW)
1000 V
Derating from Pacr to 3kW
[800V<= Vmppt<=950V]
2
32.0 A
1 for each MPPT
(Basic and -S2 version)
5 for each MPPT
(-S2X version)
Basic and -S2: screw
terminal board (max
section 50 mm2)
-S2X: Weidmuller or MC4
20.0 A / -S2X version:
12A (fuse size)

Yes
30.0 A
2 for each MPPT
3 (Class II) for each
MPPT
In accordance with the
local standard
(0.12uF/kW) * 20kW =
2.4uF
40 A / 1000 V
12 A / 1000 V

Yes
40.0 A
2 for each MPPT
3 (Class II) for each
MPPT
In accordance with the
local standard
(0.12uF/kW) * 27.6kW =
3.3uF
40 A / 1000 V
12 A / 1000 V

3 Phases (star or delta

configuration)
20000 W
22000 W

3 Phases (star or delta

configuration)
27600 W
30000 W

- 19 -

Characteristics
Maximum apparent Output Power (Sacmax)

Rated output voltage (Vacr)

Output Voltage Range (Vacmin...Vacmax)
Maximum Output Current (Iacmax)
Rated Output Frequency (fr)
Output Frequency Range (fmin...fmax)
Rated Power Factor (Cosphiacr)
Total Harmonic Distortion of Current
Type of AC Connections
Output protection
Anti-islanding Protection
Maximum AC Overcurrent protection
Output Overvoltage Protection - Varistors
Output Overvoltage Protection - DIN Rail surge arrester (-S2X version)
Night-time disconnection
Operating performance
Maximum Efficiency (max)
Weighted Efficiency (EURO/CEC)
Power Input Threshold
Stand-by Consumption
NIght-time Consumption
NIght-time Consumption (Reactive Power)
Inverter Switching Frequency
Communication
Wired Local Monitoring (opt.)
Remote Monitoring (opt.)
Wireless Local Monitoring (opt.)

000047AG

User Interface
Environmental
Ambient Temperature
Storage Temperature
Relative Humidity
Noise Emission
Maximum Operating Altitude
Environmental pollution classification for external
environment
Environmental Category

22300VA
The rated power is also
guaranteed with cos(fi)
= 0.9
400 Vac / N / PE
320...480 Vac (1)
33.0 A
50 Hz
47...53 Hz (2)
> 0.995 (adj. 0.9)
< 3%
Screw terminal board,
maximum cross-section
35 mm2

31000 VA
The rated power is also
guaranteed with cos(fi)
= 0.9
400 Vac / N / PE
320...480 Vac (1)
45.0 A
50 Hz
47...53 Hz (2)
> 0.995 (adj. 0.9)
< 3%
Screw terminal board,
maximum cross-section
35 mm2

In accordance with the

local standard
34.0 A
4
4 (Class II)

In accordance with the

local standard
46.0 A
4
4 (Class II)

Not applicable

Not applicable

98.2%
98.0% / 98.0%
40 W
< 8W
<1W
110 VAR
15.8 kHz

98.2%
98.0% / 98.0%
40 W
< 8W
<1W
110 VAR
15.8 kHz

PVI-USB-RS485_232,
PVI-DESKTOP
PVI-AEC-EVO, AURORA-UNIVERSAL
PVI-DESKTOP with PVIRADIOMODULE
Graphic Display

PVI-USB-RS485_232,
PVI-DESKTOP
PVI-AEC-EVO, AURORA-UNIVERSAL
PVI-DESKTOP with PVIRADIOMODULE
Graphic Display

-25...+60C /-13...140F
with derating above
45C/113F
-40...80C (-40...+176F)
0...100% condensing
< 50 db(A) @ 1 m
2000 m / 6560 ft
3

-25...+60C /-13...140F
with derating above
45C/113F
-40...80C (-40...+176F)
0...100% condensing
< 50 db(A) @ 1 m
2000 m / 6560 ft
3

External

External

- 20 -

Characteristics
Physical
Environmental Protection Rating
Cooling system
Air Flow Required for Cooling
Overvoltage Category in accordance with IEC
62109-1
Dimensions (H x W x D)
Weight
Packaging Dimensions (H x W x D)
Full Packaging Weight
Mounting System
Exposure to UV rays

Safety
Safety Class
Isolation Level

IP 65
Natural
Not applicable
II (DC input)
III (AC output)
1060 x 751 x 291 mm
41.7" x 29.6" x 11.4"
Basic and -S2: 67.0 kg /
147.70 lb
S2X: 75.0 kg / 165.30 lb
737 x 800 x 1200 mm
29 x 31.5 x 47.2
Basic and -S2: 79.0 kg /
174.10 lb
S2X: 87.0 kg / 191.80 lb
Wall bracket
Plastic covers suitable
for outdoor use.
Exposure to UV rays
(in accordance with UL
746C)

IP 65
Natural
Not applicable
II (DC input)
III (AC output)
1060 x 751 x 291 mm
41.7" x 29.6" x 11.4"
Basic and -S2: 72.0 kg /
158.70 lb
S2X: 80.0 kg / 176.30 lb
737 x 800 x 1200 mm
29 x 31.5 x 47.2
Basic and -S2: 84.0 kg /
185.10 lb
S2X: 92.0 kg / 202.80 lb
Wall bracket
Plastic covers suitable
for outdoor use.
Exposure to UV rays
(in accordance with UL
746C)

I
Transformerless

I
Transformerless
75

Overall dimensions

The overall dimensions are expressed in mm and in inches

- 2
9,6

AC cable gland 16 PG36

Service cable glands 10 M25
Service cable glands 10 M20
DC cable glands 11 M25 (basic and S2 versions)
Wiring box 02
DC input terminal board 13 50 mm2
(basic and S2 versions only)
AC output terminal board 17 35 mm2

7.5 Nm
5 Nm
2.7 Nm
5 Nm
2.4 Nm
6 Nm
2.5 Nm

- 21 -

32
1
11 m
,4 m

000047AG

To maintain the IP65 protection of the system and for optimal
installation, the following tightening torques must be used:

1060 mm - 41,7

Tightening torques

Characteristics

Efficiency curves

The equipment was designed in compliance with energy conservation

standards, to avoid waste and unnecessary leakage.
The manufacturer has taken into due consideration the current energy
saving standards in Italy.
Graphs of the efficiency curves of all the models of inverter described in
this manual are shown below.
The efficiency curves are linked to technical parameters that are continually being
developed and improved and should therefore be considered approximate.
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X

100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
500 Vdc

92

620 Vdc

91

800 Vdc

90
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

% of Rated Output Power

TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X

100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
500 Vdc

000048AG

92

620 Vdc

91

800 Vdc

90
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

% of Rated Output Power

- 22 -

70%

80%

90%

100%

Characteristics

Power Derating

In order to allow inverter operation in safe thermal and electrical conditions,

the unit automatically reduces the value of the power fed into the grid.
Power derating can take place due to adverse environmental conditions
or due to unsuitable input voltage values.
The conditions for power reduction due to environmental conditions and input voltage
can also occur at the same time, but the power reduction will always relate to the lower
value measured.

Power reduction due to environmental conditions

The power reduction value and the inverter temperature at which it occurs depend on the ambient temperature and on many operating parameters. Example: input voltage, grid voltage and power available from
the photovoltaic field.
The inverter can therefore reduce the power during certain periods of
the day and according to the value of these parameters.
In any case, the inverter guarantees the maximum output power even at
high temperatures, provided the sun is not shining directly on it.

Power reduction due to the input voltage

The graphs show the automatic reduction of supplied power when input
voltage values are too high or too low.

TRIO 20.0kW -Pout vs. Vin

Parallel Input

TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2
TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X

25000

Pout [W]

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
01

00

2003

000048AG

Pout vs. Vin

- 23 -

00

4005

00
Vin [V]

600

700

800

900

1000

Characteristics

TRIO 20.0kW -Pin and Pout vs. Vin1/Vin2

(max channel unbalance)
Independent Input
25000

P [W]

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
01

00

2003

00

4005

00

6007

00

8009

00

1000

Vin [V]

Pin1 (8750Wmax) vs. Vin1

Pin2 (12000Wmax) vs. Vin2
Pout vs. Vin

TRIO 27.6kW -Pout vs. Vin

Parallel Input

TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X

30000
25000

P [W]

20000
15000
10000
5000
0
01

00

2003

00

4005

Pout vs. Vin

00

6007

00

800

900

1000

Voltage [V]

TRIO 27.6kW -Pin and Pout vs. Vin1/Vin2

(max channel unbalance)
Independent Input
30000
25000

P [W]

20000
15000
10000
5000

000048AG

0
01

00

2003

00

Pin1 (12800Wmax) vs. Vin1

Pin2 (16000Wmax) vs. Vin2
Pout vs. Vin

- 24 -

4005

00
Voltage [V]

6007

00

800

900

1000

Characteristics

Characteristics of a photovoltaic generator

A PV generator consists of an assembly of photovoltaic modules that

transform solar radiation into DC electrical energy and can be made up
of:
Strings: X number of PV modules connected in series
Array: group of X strings connected in parallel

Strings and Arrays

In order to considerably reduce the cost of installing a photovoltaic system, mainly associated with the problem of wiring on the DC side of the
inverter and subsequent distribution on the AC side, the string technology has been developed. A photovoltaic panel consists of many photovoltaic cells mounted on the same support.
A string consists of a certain number of panels connected in series.
An array consists of two or more strings connected in parallel.
Large photovoltaic systems can be made up of several arrays, connected to one or more inverters.
By maximizing the number of panels inserted in each string, it is possible to reduce the cost and complexity of the connection system of the
photovoltaic system.

000011AG

The current of each array must fall within the limits of the inverter.
To work, the inverter must be connected to the national electricity grid since its operation can be equated to a current generator that supplies power in parallel with the grid
voltage. That is why inverters cannot support the grid voltage (islanding).

- 25 -

Characteristics

Description of the equipment

This equipment is a multi-string inverter that converts direct electric current from a photovoltaic generator into alternating electric current and
feeds it into the national grid.
Photovoltaic panels transform energy from the sun into direct current
(DC) electrical energy (through a photovoltaic field, also called photovoltaic (PV) generator; however, to feed the grid and so that this energy
can be used, it has to be transformed into alternating current (AC). This
conversion, known as DC to AC inversion, is made efficiently without using rotating parts and only through static electronic devices.
In order to allow inverter operation in safe thermal and electrical conditions, in the event of adverse environmental conditions or unsuitable input voltage values, the unit automatically reduces the value of the power
fed into the grid.
When used in parallel with the grid, the alternating current generated by
the inverter flows directly into the domestic electrical circuit, which is in
turn connected, through a distributor, to the national grid.
The solar energy system therefore powers all connected electrical devices, from lighting to household appliances, etc.
When the photovoltaic system is not supplying sufficient power, the
power needed to ensure normal operation of the connected electrical
devices is drawn from the national grid. If, on the other hand, excess
power is produced, this is fed directly into the grid, so becoming available to other consumers.
In accordance with local and national regulations, the power produced
can be sold to the grid or credited towards future consumption, so bringing about a saving of money.

Operating diagram
Inverter

Distributor

000012BG

PV generator

- 26 -

Grid company

Characteristics

Connection of several inverters together

If the photovoltaic system exceeds the capacity of a single inverter, it is

possible to make a multiple connection of inverters to the system, with
each one connected to a suitable section of the photovoltaic field, on the
DC side, and connected to the grid on the AC side.
Each multi-string inverter will work independently of the others and will
supply the grid with the maximum power available from its section of
photovoltaic panels.

Notes on the sizing of the system

Decisions about how to structure a photovoltaic system depend on a certain number
of factors and considerations to make, such as for example, the type of panels, the
availability of space, the future location of the system, energy production goals over
the long term, etc.

000012BG

A configuration program that can help to correctly size the photovoltaic

system is available on the web site of Power-One (www.power-one.
com).

- 27 -

Characteristics

Functionality and components of the equipment

Data transmission and control

The inverter, or a network of several inverters, can also be monitored
remotely through an advanced communication system based on an RS485 serial interface or a radio module.
Radiomodule
The radiomodule card is an accessory that is used to replace the RS485 line for data transmission to the monitoring device.
Analogue inputs
External analogue sensors for monitoring the environmental conditions
(temperature, sunlight, etc.) can be connected to the inverter.
The analogue sensors are set directly from the display menus.
Configurable relay
The inverter has a configurable switching relay that can be used in various operating conditions set in the dedicated menu. A typical application
example is the closing of the contact when an alarm occurs.
Remote switching on/off
This control can be used to switch the inverter on/off through an external
(remote) control.
This function must be enabled in the menu, and if activated, the switching on of the inverter depends on the external switching on/off control
as well as being dictated by the presence of the normal parameters that
allow the inverter to connect to the grid.
SD card
This is used for updating the firmware (functionality implemented in a
future revision of the firmware).

000013AG

Feeding reactive power into the grid

The inverter is able to produce reactive power and can therefore feed it
into the grid through the setting of the phase shift factor. Feed-in management can be controlled directly by the grid company through a dedicated RS485 serial interface.
The feed-in management methods vary according to the country of
installation and the relevant grid companies. For detailed information
about the parameters and characteristics of this function, please contact
Power-One directly.

- 28 -

Characteristics

Topographic diagram of the equipment

000014BG

The diagram shown is a topographic diagram of the operation of the inverter.

The main blocks are the input DC-DC converters (called boosters) and
the output inverter. Both the DC-DC converters and the output inverter
operate at a high switching frequency and so enable a compact size and
relatively light weight to be achieved.
Each of the input converters is dedicated to a separate array with independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control.
This means that the two arrays can be installed with different positions
and orientation. Each array is controlled by an MPPT control circuit.
The two trackers can be configured (when required) in parallel, to handle power and/or current levels higher than those a single tracker can
handle.
This version of inverter is transformerless, meaning it has no galvanic
isolation between input and output, which enables a further increase
in conversion efficiency. The inverter is already equipped with all the
necessary protective devices for safe operation in compliance with the
regulations, even without an isolation transformer.
The inverter is controlled by two independent DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) and a central microprocessor.
The connection to the electricity grid is therefore controlled by two independent computers, in full compliance with electrical standards regarding system powering and safety.
The operating system performs the operation of communicating with the
relevant components to carry out data analysis.
All this guarantees optimal operation of the entire unit and high efficiency in all insolation and load conditions, always in full compliance with the
relevant directives, standards and provisions.

- 29 -

- 30 -

-S2 VERSION

IN2

IN1

IN2

IN1

STANDARD VERSION

IN2(-)

IN2(+)

IN1(-)

IN1(+)

IN2(-)

IN2(+)

IN1(-)

IN1(+)

000014BG

*IN2E(-)

IN2D(-)

IN2C(-)

IN2B(-)

IN2A(-)

*IN2E(+)

IN2D(+)

IN2C(+)

IN2B(+)

IN2A(+)

*IN1E(-)

IN1D(-)

IN1C(-)

IN1B(-)

IN1A(-)

*IN1E(+)

IN1D(+)

IN1C(+)

IN1B(+)

IN1A(+)

* not present on TRIO-20.0-TL

PT 100

IN MODE

AN 2

AN 1

PMU

PC

SERVICE OR NORMAL

GRID STANDARD SETTING

ON/OFF EXT

4...20mA / 0...10V adj

IN2

PT 1000

IN2

IN1

4...20mA / 0...10V adj

OVP
MONITORING

OVP
MONITORING

-S2X VERSION

CURRENT
READING

CURRENT
READING

IN1

OVP MONITORING

CURRENT READING

SD
CARD

LINE
FILTER

WIRING BOX CIRCUIT

CONTROL CIRCUIT

INVERTER
(DC/AC)

DC/DC
DSP
CONTR.

BULK CAPS

PVI-RADIO
MODULE
(OPT)

DC/AC
DSP
CONTR.

GRID PARALLEL
RELAY

* an expansion slot for future implementation of new communication systems is available

MPPT 2
(DC/DC)

MPPT 1
(DC/DC)

ALARM

REMOTE CONTROL

PC_RS485

PMU_RS485

N.O

N.C

GND

+R

GND

- T/R

+ T/R

GND

- T/R

+ T/R

PE

L3

L2

L1

L3

L2

L1

-S2 VERSION

PE

N, S

L3, S

L2, S

L1, S

L3

L2

L1

-S2X VERSION

02

03

PE

N, S

L3, S

L2, S

L1, S

Characteristics

Characteristics

Protective devices

Anti-Islanding
In the event of a local grid outage by the electricity company, or when the
equipment is switched off for maintenance operations, the inverter must
be physically disconnected safely, to ensure protection of people working on the grid, all in accordance with the relevant national standards
and laws. To prevent possible islanding, the inverter is equipped with an
automatic protective disconnection system called Anti-Islanding.

Ground fault in the photovoltaic panels

This inverter must be used with panels connected with floating connections, that is, with positive and negative terminals without ground
connections. An advanced ground fault protection circuit continuously
monitors the ground connection and disconnects the inverter when a
ground fault is detected. The ground fault condition is indicated by a red
LED on the front panel.

String fuses
In the S2X versions, string fuses 22 that protect the equipment from
currents above the limit value, independently for each string, are pre-installed inside the wiring box 02. The sizing of the fuses must be carefully
considered during installation.

Overvoltage surge arresters

As additional protection to prevent damage caused by lightning discharges and electrostatic induction phenomena, DC overvoltage surge arresters 15 and AC overvoltage surge arresters 18 are integrated inside the
wiring box 02 (S2X versions).

000015AG

Further protective devices

The inverter is equipped with additional protective devices to guarantee
safe operation in any circumstance. These protective devices include:
- Continuous monitoring of the grid voltage to ensure the voltage and
frequency values stay within operating limits;
- Control of internal temperatures to automatically limit the power if necessary to ensure the unit does not overheat (derating).
The numerous control devices produce a replete structure to guarantee totally safe
operation.
- 31 -

3
3 - Safety and accident prevention
Safety instructions and general information
The equipment has been manufactured in accordance with the strictest
accident-prevention regulations and supplied with safety devices suitable for the protection of components and operators.
For obvious reasons, it is not possible to anticipate the great number of installations
and environments in which the equipment will be installed; it is therefore necessary
for the customer to appropriately inform the manufacturer about particular installation
conditions.
Power-One accepts no liability for failure to comply with the instructions
for correct installation and cannot be held responsible for the systems
upstream or downstream of the equipment it has supplied.
It is essential to provide operators with correct information. They must therefore read
and comply with the technical information given in the manual and in the attached
documentation.
The instructions given in the manual do not replace the safety devices
and technical data for installation and operation stuck on the product,
and they certainly do not replace the safety regulations in force in the
country of installation and common sense rules.
The manufacturer is willing to train staff, at its premises or on site, in accordance with conditions to be set out in the contract.
Do not use the equipment if you find any operating anomalies.

Avoid temporary repairs. All repairs should be carried out using only
genuine spare parts, which must be installed in accordance with their
intended use.

000016AG

Liabilities arising from commercial components are delegated to their

respective manufacturers.

- 32 -

Safety and accident prevention

Hazardous areas and operations

Environmental conditions and risks

The equipment can be installed outdoors, but only in certain environmental conditions that do not prevent its normal operation.
Adverse environmental conditions, such as: sun, rain, snow, wind,
too hot or too cold, altitudes, humidity, etc., can lead to a reduction
in performance.
Power-One CANNOT be held responsible for disposal of the equipment: displays, cables, batteries, accumulators, etc., and therefore the
customer must dispose of these substances, which are potentially harmful to the environment, in accordance with the regulations in force in the
country of installation.
The same precautions should be adopted when scrapping the
equipment.
The equipment is not equipped to operate in environments that have particular flammability or explosive conditions.
The customer and/or installer must appropriately instruct the operators
or anyone who may come near the equipment, and highlight, if necessary with notices or other means, the hazardous areas or operations:
magnetic fields, hazardous voltages, high temperatures, possibility of discharges, generic hazard, etc...

Signs and plates

The plates attached to the equipment must NOT be removed, damaged, dirtied, hidden, etc.

000017AG

The plates must be cleaned regularly and kept visible at all times, and
therefore they must NOT be hidden with objects and extraneous parts
(rags, boxes, equipment, etc.).
The technical data shown in this manual do not in any case replace
those shown on the plates attached to the equipment.

- 33 -

Safety and accident prevention

Thermal hazard
10 min

WARNING: removal of guards or covers is allowed only 10 minutes

after the voltage has been removed; this is to let the components cool
down and allow any electrostatic charges and parasitic voltages to be
discharged.
When the equipment has just been switched off, it may have hot parts,
as a result of overheating of the surfaces at temperature (e.g.: transformers, accumulators, coils, etc...) so be careful where you touch.
In the event of fire, use CO2 foam extinguishers and use auto extraction systems to
fight fire in closed environments.

Clothing and protective devices for staff

Power-One has eliminated sharp edges and corners, but in some cases
it is not possible to do anything, and we therefore advise wearing the
clothing and personal protective equipment provided by the employer.
Staff must not wear clothes or accessories that can start fires or generate electrostatic
charges or, in general, clothing that can impede personal safety.
All operations on the equipment should be carried out with suitably insulated instruments.
Staff must NOT go near the equipment with bare feet or wet hands.
Maintenance operations must be carried out with the equipment disconnected from the grid.
The maintenance technician must in any case make sure no one else
can switch on or operate the equipment during the maintenance operations, and must report any anomaly or damage due to wear or ageing so
that the correct safety conditions can be restored.

000017AG

The installer or maintenance technician must always pay attention to

the work environment, so that it is well lit and with sufficient spaces to
ensure they have an escape route.
In the installation, consider or make sure the noise emitted based on
the environment is not such that it exceeds the thresholds allowed by
law (less than 80 dBA).

- 34 -

Safety and accident prevention

Residual Risks

Despite the warnings and safety systems, there are still some residual
risks that cannot be eliminated.
These risks are listed in the following table with some suggestions for
preventing them.

Table of residual risks

SUGGESTED REMEDY

Noise pollution due to installation in unsuitable environments or where

staff work permanently.

Reassess the environment or the

place of installation.

Suitable local ventilation that does not cause overheating of the equipment and is sufficient not to create discomfort to people in the room.

Restore suitable ambient conditions and air the room.

External weather conditions, such as water seepage, low temperatures,

high humidity, etc.

Maintain ambient conditions suitable for the system.

Overheating of surfaces at temperature (transformers, accumulators,

coils, etc. ) can cause burns. Also be careful not to block the cooling
slits or systems of the equipment.

Use suitable protective equipment

or wait for the parts to cool before
switching on the equipment.

Inadequate cleaning: compromises cooling and does not allow the

safety plates to be read.

Clean the equipment, plates and

work environment adequately.

Accumulation of electrostatic energy can generate hazardous

discharges.

Ensure the devices have discharged their energy before working on them.

Inadequate training of staff.

Ask for a supplementary course.

During installation, temporary fixing can involve risks of unhooking from

the bracket 01

Pay attention and prevent access

to the installation area.

Accidental disconnection of the quick fit connectors with the equipment

in operation, or wrong connections, can generate electric arcs.

Pay attention and prevent access

to the installation area.

000018AG

RISK ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION

- 35 -

4
4 - Lifting and transport
General conditions
Transport and handling
Transport of the equipment, especially by road, must be carried out by
suitable ways and means for protecting the components (in particular,
the electronic components) from violent knocks, humidity, vibration, etc.
During handling, do not make any sudden or fast movements that
can create dangerous swinging.

Lifting
Power-One usually stores and protects individual components by suitable means to make their transport and subsequent handling easier, but
as a rule it is necessary to turn to the experience of specialized staff in
charge of loading and unloading the components.
Where indicated and/or where there is provision, eyebolts or handles,
which can be used as anchorage points, are inserted and/or can be
inserted.
The ropes and means used for lifting must be suitable for bearing
the weight of the equipment.
Do not lift several units or parts of the equipment at the same time, unless otherwise indicated.

000019AG

Unpacking and checking

We remind you that the packaging elements (cardboard, cellophane,
staples, adhesive tape, straps, etc.) can cause cuts and other injuries if
not handled with care. They should be removed by suitable means and
not left in the hands of irresponsible people (e.g. children).
The components of the packaging must be disposed of in accordance with the regulations in force in the country of installation.
When you open the package, check that the equipment is undamaged
and make sure all the components are present.
If you find any defects or damage, stop unpacking and consult the carrier, and also promptly inform Power-One.
- 36 -

Lifting and transport

List of supplied components

Table: Components supplied with the equipment

Components available for all models

Quantity

Connector 21.2500MF/3

Connector 21.2500MF/8

L-key, TORX TX20

Cylinder, TGM58

Gasket, 36A3M2025

Gland multi-entry seal plug 6mm IP68 light grey

TGM613

Gasket multi-entry seal neoprene M25 IP68 black

Components available for basic and S2 models only

Quantity

Jumpers for configuration of the parallel input channels

Components available for the S2X model only

Quantity
8 (20 kW)
10 (27.6 kW)

Male quick fit connectors

8 (20 kW)
10 (27.6 kW)

Fuses gPV - 1000V DC - 12 A

16 (20 kW)
20 (27.6 kW)

000020BG

Female quick fit connectors

- 37 -

Lifting and transport

Kit of recommended spare parts

A list of spare parts that are compatible with the TRIO inverter and in
stock at the Power-One warehouse is given below.
Description

Quantity

TRIO HANDLING KIT

Kit of handles and eyebolts for lifting the inverter part

4 handles
2 eyebolts

KIT 10 FUSES 8A

Kit of 8A fuses

10

KIT 10 FUSES 10A

Kit of 10A fuses

10

KIT 10 FUSES 12A

Kit of 12A fuses

10

KIT 10 FUSES 15A

Kit of 15A fuses

10

KIT SURGE DC SIDE TRIO

Kit of spare cartridges for DC side surge arresters

4 (Dehn PN. 952051)

2 (Dehn PN. 952015)

KIT SURGE AC SIDE TRIO

Kit of spare cartridges for AC side surge arresters

3 (Dehn PN. 952010)

1 (Dehn PN. 952050)

KIT VDR SIOV DC SIDE TRIO

Kit of varistors for DC

KIT VDR SIOV AC SIDE TRIO

Kit of varistors for AC

000020BG

Code

- 38 -

Lifting and transport

Weight of the equipment units

Table: Weights

Mass
weight in kg

Lifting
points

Minimum
rope height

Holes or Eyebolts
UNI2947

n#
INVERTER unit

WIRING BOX unit

TRIO-20.0: 60 kg
TRIO-27.6: 65 kg

1.200

M 12
mounting kit with
handles 06 and
eyebolts (to order)

Basic and -S2: 7 kg

-S2X: 15 kg

If the package is stored correctly,

it can withstand a maximum
load of 4 pieces of equipment.
DO NOT stack with equipment
or products other than those
indicated.

NO

000020BG

M12

- 39 -

5
5 - Installation
General conditions
Installation of the equipment is carried out based on the system and the place in which
the equipment is installed; therefore, its performance depends on the correctness of
the connections.
Staff authorized to carry out the installation must be specialized and experienced in this job; they must also have received suitable training on
equipment of this type.

000021AG

The operation must be carried out by specialized staff; it is in any case

advisable to comply with what is written in this manual and follow the
diagrams and attached documentation.

- 40 -

Installation

The installation must be carried out with the equipment disconnected from the grid
(power disconnect switch open) and with the photovoltaic panels shaded or isolated.

Environmental checks
OK OK

NO OK

NO
OK OK

NO
NO

Consult the technical data to check the environmental parameters to

be observed (degree of protection, temperature, humidity, altitude, etc.)
Do not expose to direct sunlight to avoid unwanted power derating
due to an increase in the internal temperature of the inverter.
Do not install in small closed rooms where air cannot circulate freely.
To avoid overheating, always make sure the flow of air around the
inverter is not blocked.
Do not install in places where gases or flammable substances may
be present.
Do not install in rooms where people live or where the prolonged presence of people or animals is expected, because of the noise (about
50dB(A) at 1 m) that the inverter makes during operation.
Avoid electromagnetic interference that can compromise the correct
operation of electronic equipment, with consequent situations of danger.

Installations above 2000 metres

On account of the rarefaction of the air (at high altitudes), particular conditions may
occur that should be considered when choosing the place of installation:
Less efficient cooling and therefore a greater likelihood of the device
going into derating because of high internal temperatures.
Reduction in the dielectric resistance of the air that, in the presence of
high operating voltages (DC input), can create electric arcs (discharges)
that can reach the point of damaging the inverter.
As the altitude increases, the failure rate of some electronic components
increases exponentially because of cosmic radiation.

000022AG

All installations at altitudes of over 2000 metres must be assessed case by case considering the aforesaid criticalities.

- 41 -

Installation

Installation position
NO

NO

OK

NO

When choosing the place of installation, comply with the following conditions:
Install on a wall or strong structure suitable for bearing the weight.
Install in safe, easy to reach places.
If possible, install at eye-level so that the display and status LEDs can
be seen easily.
Install at a height that considers the heaviness of the equipment. If
this condition is not complied with, it can create problems in the event of
servicing unless suitable means are provided to carry out the operation.
Install vertically with a maximum inclination of +/- 5. If this condition
is not complied with, the inverter could go into temperature derating because of the worsening of heat dissipation.
To carry out maintenance of the hardware and software of the equipment, remove the covers on the front. Check that there are the correct
safety distances for the installation that will allow the normal control and
maintenance operations to be carried out.
Comply with the indicated minimum distances.

80
cm

50 cm

50 cm

50
cm

OK

For a multiple installation, position the inverters side by side.

OK

If the space available does not allow this arrangement, position the
inverters in a staggered arrangement as shown in the figure so that heat
dissipation is not affected by other inverters.

000022AG

NO

- 42 -

Installation

Wall mounting

10 x 10 mm

Position the bracket 01 perfectly

level on the wall and use it as a
drilling template.
Drill the 10 holes required using a
drill with 10mm bit. The holes must
be about 70mm deep.
Fix the bracket to the wall with
the 10 wall anchors, 10mm in diameter, supplied.
Hook on the wiring box 02 iby
inserting the head of the rear
screws in the slots in the bracket,
remove the front cover and make
all the necessary connections.
N.B. It is not necessary to install
the inverter 03 at this stage.
Unscrew the connector screws
07 and remove the cover 04 so
that you can reach the connector
between the wiring box and the
inverter.
Put the cover in the special pocket
provided at the back of the wiring
box.
Hook the inverter to the bracket
by inserting the head of the rear
screws in the slots as shown in
the figure. To make lifting easier,
handles 06 or eyebolts (M12) can
be attached to the side holes provided.

03
04
02

01

07

06
05

000023BG

Working from the bottom of the

wiring box, connect the two parts
by screwing in the clamp screw
05.
08

Once the parts are connected,

screw in the two connector screws
07 situated inside the wiring box.

04
05
- 43 -

Installation

Operations preparatory to PV generator connection

Checking the correct polarity of the strings

Using a voltmeter, check that the voltage of each string observes the
correct polarity and falls within the input voltage limits accepted by the
inverter (see technical data).
If the voltage without load of the string is near the maximum value accepted by the inverter, it must be borne in mind that with low ambient
temperatures the string voltage tends to increase (in a different way according to the photovoltaic module used). In this case, it is necessary
to carry out a check of the sizing of the system and/or a check on the
connections of the modules of the system (e.g.: number of modules in
series higher than the design number).

Checking of leakage to ground of the photovoltaic generator

Measure the voltage present between positive and negative pole of
each string with respect to ground.
If a voltage is measured between an input pole and ground, it may be
that there is a low insulation resistance of the photovoltaic generator and
the installer will have to carry out a check to solve the problem.
Do not connect the strings if a leakage to ground has been found because the inverter
might not connect to the grid.

000024AG

Choice of differential protection downstream of the inverter

All Power-One Aurora string inverters marketed in Europe are equipped
with a device for protection against ground faults in accordance with the
safety standard set in Germany by Standard VDE V 0126-1-1:2006-02
(please refer to section 4.7 of the Standard).
In particular, Power-One Aurora inverters are equipped with a redundancy on the reading of the ground leakage current sensitive to all
components of both direct and alternating current. Measurement of the
ground leakage current is carried out at the same time and independently by 2 different processors: it is sufficient for one of the two to detect
an anomaly to trip the protection, with consequent separation from the
grid and stopping of the conversion process.
There is an absolute threshold of 300 mA of total leakage current AC+DC
with protection tripping time at a max. of 300 msec.
In addition, there are another three tripping levels with thresholds respectively at 30 mA/sec, 60 mA/sec and 150 mA/sec to cover the rapid
changes in fault current induced by accidental contact with leaking live
parts. The max. tripping times are progressively shortened as the speed
of change in the fault current increases and, starting from the 300 msec/
- 44 -

Installation

max for the 30 mA/sec change, they are shortened respectively to 150
msec and 40 msec for 60 mA and 150 mA changes.
It should in any case be noted that the integrated device only protects the
system against ground faults that occur upstream of the AC terminals of
the inverter (namely towards the DC side of the photovoltaic system and
consequently towards the photovoltaic modules). The leakage currents
that can occur in the AC section between the draw/feed in point and the
inverter are not detected and require an external protection device.
For protection of the AC line, on the basis of the aforesaid with regard
to the differential protection integrated in Power-One Aurora inverters, it
is not necessary to install a type B ground fault interrupter.
In accordance with article 712.413.1.1.1.2 of Section 712 of IEC Standard 64-8/7, we
hereby declare that, because of their construction, Power One Aurora inverters do not
inject ground fault direct currents.

000024AG

The use of an AC type circuit breaker with differential thermal magnetic protection
with tripping current of 300 mA is advisable so as to prevent false tripping, due to the
normal capacitive leakage current of photovoltaic modules.

- 45 -

Installation

Wiring Box components

Basic / S2 version
09

13 12

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

For both models of inverter 03 (20 kW or 27.6 kW), three wiring box 02
are available with different layouts:
TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD: Basic version wiring box
TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S2: S2 wiring box version, like the basic version
but with AC+DC disconnect switch 14
TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S2X: S2X wiring box version, more complete version with quick fit connectors, string fuses 22, DC overvoltage surge
arresters 15, AC overvoltage surge arresters 18 and AC+DC disconnect
switch.

S2X version

09

10

11

14 17 16

15

13 12

18

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a05 a01
1

10

11

14

MEMORY
CARD

21 16

COM
CARD

000025BG

Table: electrical system components

Ref.
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
a01
a05

10

10

22

19 20

14 17 16

14

21 16

Description
communication card
service cable glands
DC cable glands
jumpers
DC input terminal board
AC+DC disconnect switch
DC overvoltage surge arresters
AC cable gland
AC output terminal board
AC overvoltage surge arresters
Input connectors (MPPT1)
Input connectors (MPPT2)
anti-condensation valve
string fuses
Switch for setting parallel-connected or independent input channels
Rotary switches for setting the country and the language of the display
- 46 -

Installation

Configuration of single or parallel-connected input channels

All versions of the inverter are equipped with two input channels (therefore with double maximum power point tracker MPPT) independent of
each other, which can however be connected in parallel using a single
MPPT.
Strings of photovoltaic modules having the same type and number of
panels in series must be connected to each single channel; they must
also have the same installation conditions (in terms of orientation to the
SOUTH and inclination from the horizontal plane).
When connecting the two input channels in parallel, the aforesaid requirements must be observed with the benefit of being able to use the
full power that can be supplied by the inverter on a single channel.
Whereas the double MPPT structure allows the management of two
photovoltaic generators that are independent of each other (one for
each input channel) and can differ from each other in installation conditions, type and number of photovoltaic modules connected in series. A
necessary condition so that the two MPPTs can be used in independent
mode is for the photovoltaic generator connected to each of the inputs to
have a power lower than the power limit of the single input channel and a
maximum current lower than the current limit of the single input channel.

All the input parameters that must be observed for correct operation of the inverter are
shown in the technical data table.

Configuration of parallel-connected channels

13 12

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a01

This configuration involves the use of the two input channels (MPPT)
connected in parallel. This means that the jumpers 12 between the two
channels (positive and negative) of the DC input terminal board 13 must
be installed and that the switch a01 situated on the communication card
09 must be set to PAR (see user interface).

Configuration of independent channels

13 12

MEMORY
CARD

000025BG

COM
CARD

This configuration involves the use of the two input channels (MPPT) in
independent mode. This means that the jumpers 12 between the two
channels (positive and negative) of the DC input terminal board 13 must
not be installed and that the switch a01 situated on the communication
card 09 must be set to IND (see user interface).

a01

- 47 -

Installation
Channel configuration examples
PV generator characteristics

000025BG

The photovoltaic generator consists

of strings having a different number
of modules in series from each other.
The photovoltaic generator consists
of strings that have different installation conditions from each other.

MPPT configuration
MPPT configuration
has to be INDEPENDENT

Notes
A NECESSARY condition so that the two
MPPTs can be used in independent mode is for
the photovoltaic generator connected to each
of the inputs to have a power lower than the
power limit of the single input channel AND a
maximum current lower than the current limit
of the single input channel.

The photovoltaic generator consists

A NECESSARY condition so that the two
of strings having the same number
MPPTs can be used in independent mode is for
of modules in series as each other.
the photovoltaic generator connected to each
The photovoltaic generator consists
of the inputs to have a power lower than the
Possibility
of strings that have the same instalof choosing
power limit of the input channel AND a maxilation conditions, that is to say, all
mum current lower than the current limit of the
between the
the strings have the same inclination
input channel.
configuration
from the horizontal and the same
An ADVISABLE (*) condition so that the two
with MPPT as
orientation to the SOUTH.
INDEPENDENT MPPTs can be connected in parallel is for the
The photovoltaic generator conphotovoltaic generator connected to the two
or
nected to each of the inputs has a
inputs to consist of strings made by the same
PARALLEL
power lower than the power limit
number of modules in series and for all the
of the input channel AND a current
modules to have the same installation condilower than the current limit of the
tions.
input channel.
(*) This condition is advisable from the point of view of the energy production of the system, not from the
point of view of inverter operation.
The photovoltaic generator consists
A SUFFICIENT (*) condition so that the two
of strings having the same number
MPPTs must be used in parallel mode is for
of modules in series as each other.
the photovoltaic generator connected to each
The photovoltaic generator consists
of the inputs to have a power higher than the
of strings that have the same instalpower limit of the single input channel OR a
lation conditions, that is to say, all
MPPT configumaximum current higher than the current limit
the strings have the same inclination
ration
of the single input channel.
from the horizontal and the same
has to be PARAn ADVISABLE (**) condition so that the two
orientation to the SOUTH.
ALLEL
MPPTs can be connected in parallel is for the
The photovoltaic generator conphotovoltaic generator connected to the two
nected to each of the inputs has a
inputs to consist of strings made by the same
power higher than the power limit
number of modules in series and for all the
of the input channel OR a current
modules to have the same installation condihigher than the current limit of the
tions.
input channel.
(*) This condition is sufficient from the point of view of the energy production of the system, not from the point
of view of inverter operation.
(**) This condition is advisable from the point of view of the energy production of the system, not from the
point of view of inverter operation.

- 48 -

Installation

Input connection to the PV generator (DC side)

Once the preliminary checks have been made and it has therefore been
verified that there are no problems on the photovoltaic system, and once
the channel configuration has been chosen (parallel or independent),
the inputs can be connected to the inverter.
The connections can also be made with the wiring box 02 detached from
the inverter 03 that can be connected later for commissioning.
When working with the wiring box 02 detached, pay particular attention to outdoor
installations, where the coupling connector must always be protected by installing the
cover 04 on its housing.
The DC side connections are different according to the wiring box used:
The basic and S2 models use cable glands whereas the S2X model
uses quick fit connectors (one for each pole of each string).
On the basic and S2 versions, the connection in parallel of the strings (array composition) must take place upstream of the input in the inverter and must be made by technicians during installation.
The S2X version accepts direct connection of the single strings, with
connectors accessible from the outside of the wiring box 02.
To prevent electrocution hazards, all the connection operations must be carried out
with the AC+DC disconnect switch 14 open and locked.

Connection of inputs on the Basic and S2 models

000025BG

13 12

11

14

11

14

For these two models, connection with the DC input terminal board 13 is
made by inserting the cables in the DC cable glands 11.
The maximum accepted cable cross-section ranges from 10 to 17 mm,
whereas each individual terminal of the terminal board accepts a cable
with cross-section of up to 50 mm2.
Unscrew the cable gland, remove the cover, insert the cable of suitable
cross-section and connect it to the terminals on the DC input terminal
board 13.
Once the connection to the terminal board is complete, screw in the
cable gland firmly and check the tightness.

- 49 -

Installation

Connection of inputs on the S2X model

13 12

For string connections using the S2X wiring box, the quick fit connectors
(multicontact or weidmuller) situated at the bottom of the mechanism
are used.
For each input channel, there are two groups of connectors:
Input connectors (MPPT1) 19 with codes 1A, 1B, 1C, ...
Input connectors (MPPT2) 20 with codes 2A, 2B, 2C, ...
Connect all the strings included in the design of the system and always
check the tightness of the connectors.

22

14
If some string inputs are not used, check that there are covers on the
connectors and install them if they are missing.
This operation is necessary for the tightness of the inverter and to avoid
damaging the free connector that could be used at a later date.

19 20

14

000025BG

In this version of the wiring box, it is NECESSARY not to carry out the paralleling of
the strings outside the inverter. This is because the string fuses 22, situated on each
input, are not sized to take strings in parallel (array). This operation can cause damage
to the fuse and consequently malfunctioning of the inverter.

- 50 -

Installation

Procedure for installing quick fit connectors

The quick fit connectors (S2X model only)

supplied can be of two different types:
WEIDMULLER
The installation of Weidmuller connectors does not require special tools.
- Strip the end of the cable to which you are going to attach the connector (after making sure it conforms to the limits of the connector).
- Insert the cable in the connector until you hear a locking click.
- Fully tighten the knurled ring nut for optimum locking.

12 mm

Clik

000026AG

WARNING: To prevent damage to the equipment, pay particular attention to the polarities when wiring the cables.

MULTICONTACT (or equivalent)

The installation of Multicontact
connectors requires crimping that
must be carried out using a suitable tool.
- Strip the end of the cable to
which you are going to attach the
connector (after making sure it
conforms to the limits of the connector).
- Attach the terminal to the conductor using the special crimping
pliers.
- Insert the cable with terminal into
the connector until you hear the
click that indicates the terminal is
locked inside the connector.
- Firmly tighten the cable gland to
finish the operation.

- 51 -

Installation

String protection fuses (S2X models only)

Sizing of fuses

22

The sizing of the string fuses 22 to be used to protect from return currents is very important because it can considerably limit the risk of fire
and damage to the PV generator.
A return current can be generated in the event of a fault and relevant
short-circuit at the ends of one or more PV modules of the system; this
condition can cause all the current supplied by the strings not involved
in the fault, but connected to the same input channel, to pass through
the faulty string.
The sizing of the string fuses 22 depends on the technical characteristics of the PV modules making up the PV generator.
The value of the correct fuses to be installed is given in the technical
data by some suppliers of PV modules.
If this information is not available, the correct value can be calculated
using the procedure for choosing the fuses.
The value of the chosen fuse must in any case be lower than the maximum return current indicated in the technical data of the PV module.

000042AG

Power-One can supply kits of fuses of different values. Please consult

the specific section for further information.

- 52 -

Installation

Procedure for choosing the fuses

Evaluation of the rated voltage of the fuse

You need to know how

many strings are connected in
parallel in the system.

NO

Number N strings
in parallel N > 3?

It is not necessary
to use fuses

YES
UOC_MOD (Voltage without load of the modules)
M (number of modules connected in series)

Do you know
the TMIN_P?
(Minimum working temperature of the panel)

You can find these values in

the technical data sheets of
the panels.

NO

Consider TMIN_P = -25C

YES

Do you know
[%/C]?
(temperature coefficient for
voltage without load)

NO

YES

Do you know
[mV/C]?
(temperature coefficient for
voltage without load)

NO

Consider
=0.4%/C

YES

UMAX = UOC_MOD * M * [1 + (TSTC - TMIN_P)*/100]

TSTC = temperature under standard conditions = 25C

Evaluate the maximum voltage that can be reached by

the system.

Rated voltage of the fuse Maximum voltage of the system

Un UMAX

000042AG

Choose the fuse that complies

with this condition.

UMAX = M * [UOC_MOD + (TSTC - TMIN_P)*/1000]

TSTC = temperature under standard conditions = 25C

- 53 -

Installation
Evaluation of the capacity of the fuse

Collect the necessary data

for choosing the fuse capacity.

You need to define the irradiation of the installation area

of the system.

ISC_MOD (Short-circuit current of the modules)

Do you know
IIRREFF?
(Actual maximum irradiation expected on the
panels)

NO
Consider IIRREFF = 1200 W/m2

YES

You can find these values in

the technical data sheets of
the panels = 70C.

Do you know
TMAX_P?
(Maximum working temperature of the panel)

NO

Consider TMAX_P = 70C

YES

Do you know
[%/C]?
(temperature coefficient for
short-circuit current)

Do you know
[mA/C]?
(temperature coefficient for
short-circuit current)

NO

YES

NO
Consider
=0.1 %/C

YES

IMAX = ISC_MOD * [1 + (TMAX_P - TSTC) * /100] * IIRREFF / IIRRSTC

TSTC = temperature under standard conditions = 25C
IIRRSTC = irradiation under standard conditions = 1000 W/m2

IMAX = [ISC_MOD + (TMAX_P - TSTC) * /1000] * IIRREFF / IIRRSTC

TSTC = temperature under standard conditions = 25C
IIRRSTC = irradiation under standard conditions = 1000 W/m2

000042AG

Evaluate the maximum current generated by the panels.

- 54 -

Installation
Evaluation of the capacity of the fuse (continued)

You need to define the

temperature of the fuse or the
junction box.

Do you know Tf ? NO
(Temperature of the fuse or
the junction box)

NO

Consider Tf = 65C

YES
Evaluate the derating
coefficient of the fuse for the
working temperature.

KTH = (130 - Tf) * (130 - 30)

State the current at the

working temperature
of the fuse.

IMAX = IMAX / KTH

Consider the time current

curves of the fuses that comply with these conditions.

1) 1.25 * ISC_MOD In 2 * ISC_MOD

2) Time current curve of the fuse > IMAX indefinitely
3) Time current curve of the fuse > 1.1 * IMAX for the conventional time of 1h

Evaluate the estimated fault

current

Subject to conditions 1), 2) and 3), consider the fuse that, for the calculated
estimated fault current, blows with the shortest theoretical pre-arc time.

000042AG

Final choice of fuse capacity

according to this condition.

Ig = ISC_MOD* (N - 1)

- 55 -

Installation

Grid output connection (AC side)

For the connection of the inverter to the grid, you can choose between a
star connection (3 phases + neutral) and a delta connection (3 phases).
In any case, connection of the inverter to ground is mandatory.
The cable you use can be 5-pole (star configuration) or 4-pole (delta
configuration) and must pass through the AC cable gland 16 to make the
connections to the AC output terminal board 17.
14 17 16

The connections can also be made with the wiring box 02 detached from
the inverter 03 that can be connected later to be put in service.

When working with the wiring box 02 detached, pay particular attention to outdoor
installations, where the coupling connector must always be protected by installing the
cover 04 on its housing.

Characteristics and sizing of the line cable

The cross-section of the AC line conductor must be sized in order to
prevent unwanted disconnections of the inverter from the grid due to
high impedance of the line that connects the inverter to the power supply
point; In fact, if the impedance is too high, it causes an increase in the
AC voltage that, on reaching the limit set by the country of installation,
causes the inverter to switch off.

max 35 mm 2

20 32 mm

The table shows the maximum length of the line conductor based on the
cross-section of this conductor:

Cross-section of the line conductor (mm2)

10
16
25
35

Maximum length of the line conductor (m)

TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD
42m
70m
100m
138m

TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD
30m
50m
78m
98m

000027AG

The values are calculated considering an energy loss along the line (in rated power
conditions) not exceeding 1%.

- 56 -

Installation

Load protection switch (AC disconnect switch)

To protect the AC connection line of the inverter, we recommend installing a device for protection against over current and leakage with the
following characteristics:
Type
Voltage/Current rating
Magnetic protection characteristic
Type of differential protection
Differential sensitivity
Number of poles

TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD
TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD
Automatic circuit breaker with differential thermal magnetic protection
40A/400V
63A/400V
B/C
B/C
A/AC
A/AC
300mA
300mA
3/4
3/4

Connection to the AC side terminal board

To prevent electrocution hazards, all the connection operations must be carried out
with the disconnect switch downstream of the inverter (grid side) open and locked.

Neutro R

T Terra

17

For all models, connection with the AC output terminal board 17 is made
by inserting the cables in the AC cable gland 16.
The maximum accepted cable cross-section ranges from 20 to 32 mm,
whereas each individual terminal of the terminal board accepts a cable
with cross-section of up to 35 mm2.
Unscrew the cable gland, remove the cover, insert the cable of suitable
cross-section and connect the conductors (Neutral, R, S, T and Ground)
to the terminals on the AC output terminal board 17.
The connection of the inverter to the grid can be with three wires (delta
configuration) or with four wires (star configuration).
Be careful not to change round one of the phases with neutral!
Once the connection to the terminal board is complete, screw in the
cable gland firmly and check the tightness.

MEMORY
CARD

000027AG

COM
CARD

Before connecting the inverter to the national grid, the standard of

the country must be set. To do this, turn the two rotary switches
a05 following the table shown in the relevant chapter.

- 57 -

Installation

Communication card
a01

5
a20

a19

a02

a18
a17

a03

a16

a04

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a05

a15
a14

a06

a13
a12
a07

Ref.
a01
a02
a03
a04
a05
a06
a07
a08
a09
a10

000028BG

a11
a12
a13
a14
a15
a16
a17
a18
a19
a20

a08

a09

a10

communication card 09

a11

Description
Switch for setting parallel-connected or independent input channels
Connector for the installation of WIFI modules (NOT ACTIVE)
Connectors for radiomodule card installation
Housing for memory card SD CARD
Rotary switches for setting the standard of the country and the language of the display
Ethernet port (NOT ACTIVE)
Switch for setting analogue sensor 1 to Volts or mA
Switch for setting analogue sensor 2 to Volts or mA
Connection to the multi-function relay
Connection of environmental sensors: AN1, AN2, PT100, PT1000 and tachometer (wind
version only)
Connection of the RS485 (PC) line, RS485 (PMU) line, of the auxiliary 5V and of the
remote ON/OFF
Switch for setting the termination resistance of the RS485 (PMU) line
Switch for setting the termination resistance of the RS485 (PC) line
Connection of the RS485 (PC) line on RJ45 connector
RS485 (PC) communication card housing
Connection of the RS485 (PMU) line on RJ45 connector
RS485 (PMU) communication card housing
Switch for setting the inverter in normal or service mode
Inverter data memory card housing
Battery housing
- 58 -

Installation

Connections to the communication card

Each cable that must be connected to the communication card 09 must

go through the three service cable glands 10.
One of size M25 that accepts a cable with cross-section of between
10mm and 17mm. Two-hole gaskets are supplied for insertion in the
cable gland, which allow two separate cables with cross-section of up to
6mm to go through.
10

Two of size M20 that accept a cable with cross-section of between

7mm and 13mm. Two-hole gaskets are supplied for insertion in the cable gland, which allow two separate cables with cross-section of up to
5mm to go through.
The sensor cables are connected to the communication card 09 by
means of the terminal connectors supplied.
The cables for connecting the RS485 (PC) and RS485 (PMU) line can
use both the terminal connectors a11 and a RJ45 connector, to be connected to the dedicated port a14 or a16.
The two RJ45 connectors (A) and (B) available for RS485 (PC) and
RS485 (PMU) communication are equivalent to one another and can be
used without distinction for the end or for the restart of the line in making
the daisy chain connection of the inverters.
This also applies to connections made using the terminal connectors
a11.

Serial communication (RS485)

000028BG

There are two RS485 communication lines on the inverter:

PC - dedicated line for connecting the inverter to monitoring devices or
for making the daisy-chain connection (in-out) of several inverters. The
line can also even accept power management controls.
PMU (power management unit) - dedicated line for power management
by the power distributor in the country where the inverter is installed.

- 59 -

Installation

Two different types of connection can be made for each line:

Connection of the conductors using terminal connectors a11 (+T/R,
-T/R and GND)
Connection via RJ45 connectors connected to ports a14 or a16 crimped
according to the following arrangement:
Pin N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

TOP

FRONT
Use a connector with metal
body to provide cable shield
continuity!

-T/R +T/R

A
B

RTN

Function
not used
not used
+T/R
not used
-T/R
not used
GND
not used

For long distance connections, the connection on terminal connector is

preferable using a shielded twisted pair cable with characteristic impedance of Z0=120 Ohm like the one shown in the following table:
Signal
Positive data
Negative data
Reference

Symbol
+T/R
-T/R
RTN

Pair
A
A
B

Cable
1
2
1+2

Shield continuity must be provided along the communication line using the SH terminal and must be grounded at a single point.

Procedure for connection to a monitoring system

Connect all the units of the RS485 chain in accordance with the daisychain arrangement (in-out) observing the correspondence between
signals, and activate the termination resistance of the communication
line in the last element of the chain by switching switch a12 or a13 (to
ON position) being careful to switch the switch of the serial line used (PC
or PMU).

a12 = ON
a13 = ON

000028BG

MEMORY
CARD

a13

COM
CARD

a12
- 60 -

a12 = OFF
a13 = OFF

a12 = OFF
a13 = OFF
PC/
PMU

Installation

If a single inverter is connected to the monitoring system, activate the

termination resistance of the communication line by switching switch
a12 or a13 (to ON position).
Set a different RS485 address on each inverter of the chain. No inverter
should have Auto as its address. An address can be chosen freely
from out of 2 to 63.
The address on the inverter is set through the display and the pushbutton panel (see relevant chapter).
We recommend not exceeding a length of 1000m for the communication line.
No more than 62 inverters can be connected to the same RS485 line.
1

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

When using an RS-485 connection, if one or more inverters are added

later to the system, you must remember to return to OFF position the
switch of the termination resistance used (PC or PMU) of the inverter
that was previously the last one of the system.
Each inverter is dispatched with two (2) as the predefined RS485 address and with switch for setting termination resistance a12 or a13 to
OFF position.

Monitoring system via serial (RS485)

The RS485 line can be connected to various monitoring devices that
can be in local or remote mode:
Local monitoring from PC with PVI-USB-RS485_232 adaptor and
Aurora Communicator software
Local monitoring from remote display with PVI-DESKTOP device
Remote monitoring with PVI-AEC-EVO monitoring system and
Portal P1
For local monitoring, Power-One recommends connecting its PVI-USBRS485_232 adaptor between the first unit of the daisy-chain and the
computer.
Equivalent devices found on the market can also be used for the same purpose, but,
bearing in mind that they have never been specifically tested, Power-One cannot guarantee correct operation of the connection.

000028BG

Please note that these devices may also require an external termination
impedance, whereas this is not necessary with the Aurora PVI-USBRS485_232.

RS485/PMU

RS485/PC

Gestore rete

- 61 -

PVI-USB-RS485_232
PVI-Desktop
PVI-AEC-EVO

Installation

Monitoring system via Radiomodule

The radiomodule card is an accessory used to replace the RS485 line

for data transmission to the monitoring device.
The radiomodule card is installed vertically on the communication card
09 by connecting the two a03 connectors. In turn, wiring ending with an
antenna installed outside the wiring box is connected to the radiomodule:

The part of the wiring box where the antenna will be installed will be in
place of one of the service cable glands 10 of size M20.
Monitoring is carried out using PVI-DESKTOP software.
10

Configurable relay
The inverter has a multi-function relay a09, whose switching can be
configured. It can be connected with normally open contact (being connected between the NO terminal and the common contact C) and with
normally closed contact (being connected between the NC terminal and
the common contact C).
This contact can be used in four different operating configurations that
can be set in the dedicated menu.

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a09
1

Operating modes

NO

NC

ALARM

Alarm: the relay switches whenever there is an alarm on the inverter

(Error). No switching occurs when there is a Warning.
So if the NO (or NC) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or
closed) until the inverter reports an error; once the inverter reports an
error, the relay switches state and therefore closes (or opens).
The contact remains switched from its rest condition until normal operation is restored.

000028BG

NC = Normally closed
C = Common contact
NO = Normally open

Production: the relay switches whenever a connection to (and therefore a disconnection from) the grid occurs.
So if the NO (or NC) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or
closed) until the inverter is connected to the grid; once the inverter connects to the grid and starts to export power, the relay switches state and
therefore closes (or opens).
When the inverter disconnects from the grid, the relay contact returns to
its position of rest, namely open (or closed).

- 62 -

Installation

Alarm (configurable): the relay switches whenever there is an alarm

(Error) or a Warning, which have been previously selected by the user
through the dedicated menu.
If the NO (or NC) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed)
until the inverter reports an error or a warning out of those selected from
the menu; once the inverter displays an error or a warning out of those
selected, the relay switches state and therefore closes (or opens) the
contact. The relay remains switched from its rest condition until the
alarm or warning has disappeared.
Crepuscular: the relay usually switches when the voltage from the
photovoltaic generator exceeds/falls below the threshold set for grid
connection.
If the NO (or NC) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed)
until the inverter has an input voltage higher than the one selected for
grid connection. The contact remains switched from its rest condition
for as long as the inverter is switched on (even if not connected to the
grid). This mode is useful for disconnecting large output transformers
that could have unnecessary consumption during the night.
The device to be connected to the relay can be of different types (light,
sound, etc) but must comply with the following requirements:
Alternating current
Maximum Voltage: 240 Vac

Maximum Current: 1 A

Direct current
Maximum Voltage: 30 Vdc

Maximum Current: 0.8 A

000028BG

Cable requirements
External diameter: from 5 to 17 mm
Conductor cross-section: from 0.14 to 1.5 mm2

- 63 -

Installation

Environmental sensors

External sensors for monitoring environmental conditions can be connected to the connectors of the environmental sensors a10:

AN1 - Analogue sensor 1 connection
AN2 - Analogue sensor 2 connection
PT100 - Connection of a PT100 temperature sensor
PT1000 - Connection of a PT1000 temperature sensor

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a10
15

A1

A2 RTD1 RTD2
PT PT
COM 1000
1000
RTD1 RTD2
A2 PT PT
100 100

Setting of the connected analogue sensors must be carried out by setting the following values in the relevant menu:
- GAIN
- OFFSET
- Unit of measure
16

RTD3
PT
1000
RTD3
PT
100

+WTACH

A1
COM

-WTACH

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

For each analogue sensor, AN1 and AN2, it is also necessary to set the
switch, a07 or a08, to select whether the reading is in Volts or mA.

Each sensor model has precise configuration values that must be set meticulously.
The power supply to the sensors must be installed outside the inverter, according to
the manufacturers specifications.

Specifications of environmental sensors

Tables with the technical data of the main sensors marketed by
Power-One are shown below:

000028BG

Model
PVI-AEC-IRR
PVI-AEC-IRR-T

Type
Irradiation sensor
Irradiation sensor with integrated
cell temp. sensor
PVI-AEC-RAD-13TC
Irradiation sensor
PVI-AEC-RAD-13-TC-T
Irradiation sensor with integrated
cell temp. sensor
PVI-AEC-CONV-T100
PT100/0...10V converter
PVI-AEC-T1000-INTEGR
Ambient temperature sensor with
integrated converter
PVI-AEC-WIND-COMPACT Wind speed sensor
PVI-AEC-PYR-1300
Pyranometer (0...1300W/m2)
PVI-AEC-T100-ADH
Adhesive PT100 module
temperature sensor (back cell)
PVI-AEC-T1000-BOX
PT1000 ambient temperature
sensor

Gain
120
Irradiation: 120
Cell temp.: 10.869
130
Irradiation: 130
Cell temp.: 11.507
15
10

Offset
0
Irradiation: 0
Cell temp.: -20
0
Irradiation: 0
Cell temp.: -26.1
-50
-50

U.d.M.
W/mq
Irradiation: W/m2
Cell temp.: C
W/m2
Irradiation: W/m2
Cell temp.: C
C a 0...10V
C

5
65
N/A

0
0
N/A

m/s
W/m2
N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

- 64 -

Installation
Model

Output signal

PVI-AEC-IRR
PVI-AEC-IRR-T
PVI-AEC-RAD-13TC
PVI-AEC-RAD-13-TC-T
PVI-AEC-CONV-T100
PVI-AEC-T1000-INTEGR
PVI-AEC-WIND-COMPACT
PVI-AEC-PYR-1300
PVI-AEC-T100-ADH

0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...10Vdc
0...20mA
3-wire connection on terminals: RTD1PT100
RTD2PT100 RTD3PT100
3-wire connection on terminals: RTD1PT1000
RTD2PT1000 RTD3PT1000

PVI-AEC-T1000-BOX

External power
supply
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO

TRIO 20/27.6
compatibility
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES

EVO
compatibility
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES

NO

YES

YES

Connection diagrams for environmental sensors

Connection diagrams for the main sensors marketed by Power-One are
shown below: For non-conventional installations or additional information about the connections, please contact the technical support department.
PVI- AEC-T1000-INTEGR

N.C.

A1/A2

-Vcc_Heat

-Vcc

(external)

+Vcc_Heat

+Vcc

+Vcc

(external)

A1/A2

-Vcc
A1/A2_RTN

A1/A2_RTN

(Wind speed)

PVI-AEC-T1000-BOX

RTD1PT1000
(PT_RTN)

RTD2PT1000

Ground

(PT_SENSE)

RTD3PT1000
(PT_ALIM)

PVI- AEC-T100-ADH

A2

N.C.

A1

+Vcc

(Irradiance)

(PT_RTN)

+Vcc

RTD2PT100
(PT_SENSE)

RTD3PT100
(PT_ALIM)

- 65 -

PVI-AEC-RAD-13TC
PVI-AEC-IRR

A1/A2

(temperature)

RTD1PT100

000028BG

PVI-AEC-RAD-13-TC-T
PVI-AEC-IRR-T

-Vcc
A1/A2_RTN

-Vcc
A1/A2_RTN

Installation

Remote control
1

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a11
1

PC +T/R

PC -T/R

SH

GND

PMU +T/R

PMU -T/R

R ON/OFF

15

+5V OUT

16

The connection and disconnection of the inverter to and from the grid
can be controlled through an external control.
The function must be enabled in the relevant menu. If the remote control
function is disabled, the switching on of the inverter is dictated by the
presence of the normal parameters that allow the inverter to connect to
the grid.
If the remote control function is operating, besides being dictated by the
presence of the normal parameters that allow the inverter to connect to
the grid, the switching on of the inverter also depends on the state of the
R ON/OFF terminal compared to the GND terminal present on the connector a11 of the communication card 09.
When the R ON/OFF signal is brought to the same potential as the GND
signal (i.e. by making a short circuit between the two terminals of the
connector), this causes the inverter to disconnect from the grid.
The remote control OFF condition is shown on the display.
The connections of this control are made between the R ON/OFF input
and GND. Since this is a digital input, there are no requirements to be
observed as regards cable cross-section (it only needs to comply with
the sizing requirement for passing cables through the cable glands and
the terminal connector).

Auxiliary 5 V output
There is an auxiliary 5 V output on connector a11. The maximum allowed absorption by this auxiliary supply voltage is 100 mA.

The inverter is equipped with a slot for insertion of an SD Card memory.

The maximum size of the SD Card is 4 GB. The SD Card is not supplied
with the inverter; the functionalities of the SD Card will be implemented
with subsequent versions of the Firmware of the communication card.

000028BG

SD card

- 66 -

Installation

Setting the country and the language

There are different grid parameters (dictated by the electricity distributor)

according to the country in which the inverter is installed.
Setting the grid standard for the country of installation is a necessary operation before
commissioning, and the installer must know the correct standard to be configured.
1

MEMORY
CARD
COM
CARD

a05
1

The inverter is configured using the rotary switches a05.

Before turning the rotary switches, make sure the inverter is
switched off!
At the same time as the grid standard is set, the language of the display menus is also set.
Table: country standard and language
The table below shows which country grid standard and menu language
are assigned to the various positions of the rotary switches a05

Switch 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
F

Switch 2
0
1
5
6
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0
1
2
3
6
7
F

Country Grid Standard

NON-ASSIGNED
VDE 0126 @ 400V
ENEL @ 400V
SPAIN @ 400V
UK G59 @ 400V
IRELAND @ 400V
AUSTRALIA @ 400V
ISRAEL @ 400V
GERMANY BDEW @ 400V
FRANCE @ 400V
BENELUX @ 400V
GREECE @ 400V
PORTUGAL @ 400V
CORSICA @ 400V
HUNGARY @ 400V
CHINA @ 400V
CHECA Republic @ 400V
GERMANY - VDE AR-N-4105 @ 400V
Reserved

Display menu language

ENGLISH
GERMAN
ITALIAN
SPANISH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
GERMAN
FRENCH
FRENCH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
FRENCH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
ENGLISH
GERMAN

000028BG

The predefined setting is 0 / 0 and means no grid standard is selected

and the display language is English (in this case, the Set Country message will appear on the display).
If a position of switches not assigned on the display 23 is selected,
Invalid Selection appears.

- 67 -

Installation

Saving the country standard and language

The settings become fixed after 24 hours of operation of the inverter (it
does not need to be connected to the grid, and only needs to be powered).
The time remaining before the settings become fixed can be seen in the
dedicated menu, and a notice appears if the time has expired.
Once the settings are fixed, turning the rotary switches will produce no effect. In this
condition, only the language can be changed through the dedicated menu.
At any time and for any reason, the ENGLISH language of the display menu can be set
by simultaneously pressing the ESC and ENTER buttons for at least 3 seconds.

000028BG

If it is necessary to change the standard of the country after the settings have been
fixed (after 24 hours of operation) please contact Power-Ones technical support department with the part number and serial number of the inverter to hand.

- 68 -

6
6 - Instruments
General conditions
One of the first rules for preventing damage to the equipment and to the
operator is to have a thorough knowledge of the INSTRUMENTS. We
therefore advise you to read this manual carefully. If you are not sure
about anything or there is discordance of information, please ask for
more detailed information.
Do not use the equipment if:
- you do not have suitable qualifications to work on this equipment or similar products;
- you are unable to understand how it works;
- you are not sure what will happen when the buttons or switches are operated;
- you notice any operating anomalies;
- there are doubts or contradictions between your experience, the manual and/or other
operators.

000029AG

Power-One cannot be held responsible for damage to the equipment

or the operator if caused by incompetence, insufficient qualifications or
lack of training.

- 69 -

Instruments

Display and keypad

Description of symbols and display fields

The operating parameters of the equipment are displayed through the
display 23: warnings, alarms, channels, voltages, etc.
During operation, the display behaves dynamically, which allows some
information to be displayed cyclically (see relevant chapter).

b1

b2

b3

b4

b5

b6

b7

b8

b9

23

b10

b17

b19

b23

DC
AC

b11

000030BG

N
b1

Symbol

b12

Function
Tx-R

b13

b14

b16
b15

b18

b21
b20

b22

Description
Indicates the transmission and reception of data through the RS485
line.
Indicates the presence of the RS485 communication line.

b2

RS485

b3

RF

b4

Bluetooth

b5

WiFi

b6

Warning

b7

Temperature
derating

Indicates the presence of the radio communication line.

(NOT available)
Indicates the presence and enablement of the bluetooth
communication line (NOT available).
Indicates the presence and enablement of the WiFi communication
line.
(NOT available)
Indicates the potential power derating due to the input voltage and/or
due to a setting via PMU by the grid company.
Indicates that the inverter is in derating due to high internal
temperature.

b8

Instantaneous
power value

Displays the instantaneous power that the inverter is feeding into the
grid.

b9

MPP scan

b10
b11

Indicates that the MPP scan function has been enabled through the
menu.
Graphic Display Displays the inverter parameters in rotation and displays the error
codes (if present). It is used for moving through the menu.
Power graph Displays the power trend of the inverter (from 0 to 100%) over
8/16/24 hours; this parameter can be set.
- 70 -

Instruments
N
b12

Symbol

Function
Total Energy
Value

Description
Displays the total energy produced since installation of the inverter.

b13

Daily energy
value

Displays the energy produced over a day.

b14

Photovoltaic
generator

b15

DC voltage
value
DC current
value
DC/DC circuit
part
DC/AC circuit
part

Indicates that the PV generator voltage is higher than the Vstart of

the inverter. The indicated number represents the string or channel of
which the voltage and current are displayed (in the case of channels
in parallel, 1 is always displayed).
Displays the direct voltage from the input channel of the photovoltaic
generator.
Displays the direct current from the input channel of the photovoltaic
generator.
Indicates the DC/DC input circuit part (Booster)

b16
b17

DC

b18
b19

123

b20
123

AC voltage
value
AC current
value

Connection
to the grid

b22

Grid status

b23

Cyclic display
activated/
deactivated

Displays the reading of the grid voltage (alternating voltage).

The number at the side indicates the phase of which the AC voltage
value is displayed.
Displays the reading of the current or frequency that is fed into the
grid (alternating voltage). The number at the side indicates the phase
1, 2 or 3 of which the AC current value is displayed.
These are displayed in sequence during connection to the grid.
The icon depicts a plugged-in plug if connected to the grid, and an
unplugged plug if disconnected from the grid.
This icon can indicate three AC voltage states:
Icon not present: no grid voltage
Flashing icon: grid voltage present but outside the parameters set by
the grid standard
Icon present: grid voltage present and within the parameters set by
the grid standard
At the top right of the graphic display b10, a padlock or two arrows
will be displayed depending on whether the display of data on the
display b10 is locked (padlock) or cyclic (arrows).

000030BG

b21

Indicates the circuit part for conversion from DC to AC.

- 71 -

Instruments

Description of the keypad

Through the combination of LED panel 25 buttons, under the display 23,
values can be set or data can be displayed by scrolling them.
Some LEDs are also shown on the keypad 24 for status conditions.

23
24
POWER

ALARM

GFI

ESC

UP

DOWN

ENTER

25

Table: Function of buttons and LEDs

Green POWER LED

Yellow ALARM LED

Red GFI LED

ESC button
UP button
DOWN button
ENTER button

Indicates that the inverter is working correctly.

This LED flashes while the grid is being checked when the unit is
commissioned. If a valid grid voltage is measured, the LED stays on
continuously, provided there is sufficient sunlight to activate the unit.
If not, the LED continues to flash until there is sufficient sunlight for
activation. During this phase, the LCD display shows the Waiting for
sun. message.
Indicates that the inverter has detected an anomaly.
The type of problem is shown on the display.
The GFI (ground fault) LED indicates that the inverter has detected
a ground fault on the DC side of the photovoltaic generator. When this
fault is detected, the inverter immediately disconnects from the grid and
the relevant error warning appears on the LCD display.
This button allows you to exit a mode.
This allows you to read the data on the display by scrolling upwards, or
to increase the set value to correct it during data entry.
This allows you to read the data on the display by scrolling downwards,
or to decrease the set value to correct it during data entry.
This allows you to confirm the operation or to enter the set data item.

000030BG

In their various possible multiple combinations, the LEDs can indicate conditions that
are different from the original single one; see the various descriptions given in the
manual.
In their various possible multiple combinations, the buttons allow you to obtain actions that are different from the original single one; see the various descriptions given
in the manual.
- 72 -

7
7 - Operation
General conditions
Before checking the operation of the equipment, it is necessary to have
a thorough knowledge of the INSTRUMENTS chapter and the functions
that have been enabled in the installation.
The equipment operates automatically without the aid of an operator;
operating state is controlled through the instruments.
The interpretation or variation of some data is reserved exclusively for specialized and
qualified staff.

The incoming voltage must not exceed the maximum values shown in the technical
data in order to prevent damage to the equipment.
Consult the technical data for further details.

000031AG

Even during operation, check that the environmental and logistic conditions are correct (see installation chapter).
Make sure that the said conditions have not changed over time and that
the equipment is not exposed to adverse weather conditions and has
not been isolated with foreign bodies.

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Operation

Monitoring and data transmission

As a rule, the inverter operates automatically and does not require special checks. When there is not enough solar radiation to supply power
for export to the grid, (e.g. during the night) it disconnects automatically
and goes into stand-by mode.
The operating cycle is automatically restored when there is sufficient
solar radiation. At this point, the luminous LEDs on the LED panel 25 will
indicate this state.

User interface mode

The inverter is able to provide information about its operation through
the following instruments:
Warning lights (luminous LEDs)
LCD display for displaying operating data
Data transmission on dedicated RS-485 serial line. The data can be
collected by a PC or a data logger equipped with an RS-485 port.
If the RS-485 line is used, it may be advisable to use the RS-485/RS232
serial interface converter or a data logger. If you have any doubts about
the compatibility of the devices, please contact Power-Ones technical
support department.

Types of data available

The inverter provides two types of data, which are usable through the
relevant interface software and/or through the display 23.
Real-time operating data
Real-time operating data can be transmitted on request through the
communication lines and are not recorded in the inverter. For data transmission to a PC, the free software supplied with the inverter can be used
(please check at www.power-one.com for more updated versions).

000032BG

Internally stored data

The inverter internally stores a set of data that are necessary for processing statistical data and an error log with time marking.

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Operation

Commissioning

Do not place objects of any kind on the inverter during operation!

Do not touch the heatsink while the inverter is operating!
Some parts may be very hot and cause burns.
b1

b2

b3

b4

b5

b6

b7

b8

b9

23

b10

b17

b19

b23

DC
AC

b11

b12

b13

b14

b16
b15

b18

b21
b20

b22

The inverter commissioning procedure is as follows:

NOTE: Before proceeding with

commissioning, make sure you
have carried out all the checks
and verifications indicated
in the section on preliminary
checks.

Put the AC+DC disconnect switch 14 in ON position. If there are two

separate external disconnect switches (one for DC and the other for
AC), first close the AC disconnect switch and then the DC disconnect
switch. There is no order of priority for opening the disconnect switches.
Once the inverter is powered, first of all, icon b14 comes on to indicate
that the voltage from the photovoltaic generator has exceeded the Vstart
threshold (voltage necessary for connecting the inverter to the grid).
For input voltages lower than Vstart, the icon remains off, the Waiting
for sun message is shown on the display and the voltage and current
values are present (icons b15 and b16).

000033AG

Then, if there are no irregularities due to the checking of the grid voltage and frequency parameters, the grid connection sequence starts.
Once all the checks are finished, if all the grid parameters are complied
with, icon b22 comes on. During these checks, the icon b22 is flashing.
This check can take several minutes (from at least 30 seconds to no
more than a few minutes), depending on grid conditions and grid standard settings.
At this point, icon b17 flashes to indicate the start-up phase of the DCDC circuit part (booster). This icon will stay on steady once the booster
is operating at steady state (this icon will normally flash for only a few
seconds).
Almost at the same time as icon b17 comes on (steady), icon b18 will
come on to indicate that the inverter circuit part has begun working (DCAC).

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Operation

Immediately after this, the procedure of connection to the grid will start,
during which icon b21 will come on and the icons on the line will be displayed in sequence until the inverter is connected. After the inverter is
connected, the icons on the whole line b21 will come on steady.
If the inverter disconnects from the grid, the icons of the left side (cable
and plug) of the line b21 will stay on.
Once the connection sequence has been completed, the inverter
starts to operate and indicates its correct operation by making a sound
and by the green LED coming on steady on the LED panel 25. This
means there is sufficient solar radiation to feed power into the grid.
If the checking of the grid does not give a positive result, the unit will
repeat the procedure until all the parameters that allow connection to
the grid (grid voltage and frequency, insulation resistance) are within the
range. During this procedure, the green LED flashes.

000033AG

At the end of the first starting of the inverter, the wiring box must be configured using
the dedicated Aurora Manager software. The software and relevant manual for carrying out this configuration are contained in the CD supplied with the inverter.

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Operation

Dynamic behaviour of the display

If the MPPT scan function is enabled, icon b9 will be shown on the

display. See configuration in the MPPT settings menu section. This icon
will flash during scanning.
During operation, the following values are displayed in rotation:
- Voltage and current (b15 and b16) from the PV generator. According
to the configuration or model of the inverter, the voltages and currents
of one or both channels (or of the single strings) will be displayed. The
input channel considered is indicated by the value entered on icon b14.
- Voltage and current (b19 and b20) on the various phases. According
to the model of inverter, the voltages and currents of one (1) or three
phases (1,2,3) will be displayed. The phase considered is shown on the
right side of the voltage and current values.
At the end of the aforesaid display, the grid frequency will be indicated in
field b20 and the line voltage will be indicated in field b19.
At the same time, the main readings made by the inverter will be displayed in rotation on the graphic display b10.
Display of the power graph b11
The histogram includes 16 horizontal units and 20 vertical units.
The period of time is represented by the horizontal axis of the graph and
can be set by the user to 8, 16 or 24 hours; therefore, each horizontal
unit can represent 30, 60 or 120 minutes.
The vertical axis represents the maximum power derating (30 kW for the
TRIO-27.6 and 22 kW for the TRIO-20) and therefore 100% corresponds to this outgoing exported power value.
Finally, bear in mind that the power value expressed by each column of
the graph represents the average value of the power during the period
relating to the horizontal unit.

000033AG

If the icons b21 on the left side (cable and plug) stay on with the assembled plug off, it means the inverter is disconnected from the grid; if
the icons of the assembled plug and the pylons are on, it means the grid
is good for connection.

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Operation

LED behaviour
= LED on
= LED flashing
= LED off
(x) = Any one of the conditions
described above
Status of the LEDs
green:
yellow:
red:
green:
yellow:
red:

green:
yellow:
red:
green:
yellow:
red:

green:
yellow:
red:

000034AG

green:
yellow:
red:
green:
yellow:
red:
green:
yellow:
red:

The following table shows all the possible combinations of activation of

the LEDs, situated on the LED panel 25 in relation to the operating state
of the inverter.
Table: LED behaviour

Operating state
Night mode (auto
switch-off of the
inverter)
Inverter initialization
(loading of settings and
wait for grid check)

Notes
The inverter is in night time switch-off mode (input voltage
70% less than the start-up voltage set for both inputs).

This is a transition state due to the checking of the

operating conditions. During this phase, the input power is
sufficient and the inverter checks the conditions necessary
for connection to the grid (for example: value of the input
voltage, value of the
insulation resistance, etc.).
The inverter is
The machine is operating normally. During this phase, the
connected and feeds
inverter automatically carries out a research and analysis
power into the grid
of the maximum power point (MPP) available from the
photovoltaic generator.
The inverter indicates that too low an insulation resistance
(x) Anomaly in the
(x) insulation system of the (R iso) has been detected (presence of a leakage to
photovoltaic generator ground of the PV generator) and feeds the power extracted
from the photovoltaic generator into the grid.
The problem may be connected with an insulation fault in
the PV modules or in the connections (DC side).
We have:
Whenever the control system of the inverter detects an
Anomaly (warning: W
anomaly (W) or fault (E) in the operation of the monitored
warning codes)
system, the yellow LED comes on steady and a message
Error (error: E warning indicating the type of problem found appears on the display
codes)
23. The error can be inside or outside the inverter (see
Alarm messages).
Internal ventilation
Indicates an operating anomaly in the internal ventilation.
anomaly
This does not cause much of a problem to the inverter
because the fan starts only at high temperatures combined
with high output powers.
Disconnection from the Indicates that the grid voltage for allowing the inverter to
grid
connect to the grid is not present.
The inverter shows the No Vac message on the display.
Failure to link the wiring Indicates that the installed wiring box (only if replacing the
box or the display card inverter) was already associated with another inverter and
to the control card of
that it cannot be associated with the new inverter.
the inverter.

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Operation

Specifications on the behaviour of the LEDs

Next to each state of the inverter, indicated through the steady or intermittent lighting of the relevant LED, a message that identifies the operation it is carrying out or the detected fault/anomaly is also shown on the
display 23, section b10, (see relevant chapter).

b10
23
25
POWER

ALARM

GFI

ESC

UP

DOWN

ENTER

In the event of malfunctioning, it is extremely dangerous to try to eliminate the fault

personally. The instructions given below must be strictly followed; if you do not have
the experience and necessary qualification to work safely, please contact a specialized technician.

Insulation fault LED

What to do after an insulation fault warning
When the red LED comes on, first try to reset the warning through the
multi-function button ESC on the LED panel 25.
If the inverter duly reconnects to the grid, the fault was due to temporary
phenomena.
We advise having the system inspected by the installer or a specialized technician if
this malfunctioning occurs frequently.

000035BG

If the inverter does not reconnect to the grid, make it safe by isolating it
(by means of the disconnect switches) on the both the DC side and the
AC side, and then contact the installer or an authorized service centre to
have the photovoltaic generator fault repaired.

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Operation

Description of the menus

The display 23 has a section b10 (graphic display) for moving through
the menu using the buttons of the LED panel 25.
Section b10 consists of 2 lines with 16 characters per line and can be
used to:
display the operating state of the inverter and the statistical data;
display the service messages for the operator;
display the alarm and fault messages for the operator;
changing the settings of the inverter.

b10
23
25
POWER

ALARM

GFI

ESC

UP

DOWN

ENTER

Using the panel buttons

The UP and DOWN buttons of the LED panel 25 are used to move
around a menu or to increase/decrease the settable values.
The ESC button allows access to the three main sub-menus, STATISTICS, SETTINGS and INFORMATION.
This allows you to return to the previous sub-menu while moving through
the menus.

000035BG

The ENTER button allows access to the required sub-menu while

moving though the menus and allows the main menu scroll mode to be
changed (icons b23 are activated):
CYCLIC: Cyclic display of the main parameters of the inverter.
LOCKED: Display locked on the screen you want to monitor continuously.

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Operation

Statistics menu

Selecting STATISTICS from the three main sub-menus gives access to:
Total
This section of the menu allows you to display the Total statistics:
Time: Total operating time
E-tot: Total energy produced
Val. : Total production value, calculated with the currency and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved compared to fossil fuels
Partial
This section of the menu allows you to display the partial statistics:
Time: Partial operating time
E-par: Partial energy produced
PPeak: Peak power value
Val. : Partial production value, calculated with the currency and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS menu
CO2: Partial amount of CO2 saved
* To reset all the counters of this sub-menu, press the ENTER button
for more than 3 seconds. At the end of this time, you will hear a sound
repeated 3 times.
Today
This section of the menu allows you to display the daily statistics:
E-day: Daily energy produced
Ppeak: daily peak power value
Val. : Daily production value, calculated with the currency and conversion coefficient
set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved daily

000035BG

Last 7 days
This section of the menu allows you to display the statistics for the last
7 days:
E-7d: Energy produced over the last 7 days
Val. : Value of production for the last 7 days, calculated with the currency
and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS
menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved over the last 7 days

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Operation

Last month
This section of the menu allows you to display the statistics for the last
month:
E-mon: Energy produced during the current month
Val. : Value of production for the last month, calculated with the currency
and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS
menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved during the current month

Last 30 days
This section of the menu allows you to display the statistics for the last
30 days:
E-30d: Energy produced over the last 30 days
Val. : Value of production for the last 30 days, calculated with the currency and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved over the last 30 days
Last 365 days
This section of the menu allows you to display the statistics for the last
365 days:
E-365: Energy produced over the last 365 days
Val. : Value of production for the last 365 days, calculated with the currency and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the SETTINGS menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved over the last 365 days

000035BG

User period
This section of the menu allows the statistics for a period selected by the
user to be displayed:
Once the start and end dates for the period have been set, the following
data are available:
E: Energy produced during the selected period
Val. : Value of production for the selected period, calculated with the
currency and conversion coefficient set in the relevant section of the
SETTINGS menu
CO2: Amount of CO2 saved during the selected period

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Operation

Settings menu

When SETTINGS is selected from the three main sub-menus, the first
screen for the password is displayed in the display.
The default password is 0000.
This can be changed using the display buttons, always following the
same procedure:
Use ENTER to scroll the digits (from left to right)
Use ESC to return to the previous digit (from right to left)
Press ESC several times to return to the previous menus
Use DOWN to progressively scroll the numerical scale downwards
(from 9 to 0)
Use UP to progressively scroll the numerical scale upwards (from 0 to
9)
After entering the password, press ENTER to access the information
gathered in this section:
Address
This section of the menu allows you to set the address for the serial
communication of single inverters connected to the RS485 line.
The addresses that can be assigned are 2 to 63. Use the UP and DOWN
buttons to scroll the numerical scale.
At present, the AUTO selection cannot be used
Setting of Display
This section of the menu allows you to set the characteristics of the
display:
1. Light: setting of the mode and adjustment of the brightness of the
display
Mode:
On: Light always on
Off: Light always off
AUTO: Automatic light control. The light comes on whenever a button is
pressed and stays on for 30 sec, after which it gradually goes out.
Intensity: adjustment of display brightness (scale from 1 to 9)
2. Contrast: adjustment of display contrast (scale from 1 to 9)
3. Buzzer: button sound setting
On: the sound of the buttons is activated
Off: the sound of the buttons is deactivated

000035BG

Service
This section of the menu is reserved for installers. To access this, it is
necessary to have a dedicated password that will be provided by the
Power-One Service.

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Operation

New PW
This section of the menu allows you to change the password for accessing the settings menu (default 0000).

We ADVISE you to be very careful in memorizing the new password.

If the Password is misplaced, it will not be possible to access the inverter, since there
is no Reset function for security reasons.
Currency
This section of the menu allows you to set the name of the currency
and the value given to 1 kWh of energy produced. The correct setting of
these parameters allows you to display the actual earning/saving given
by the system. Name: the chosen value is set (default is Euro)
Val/KWh: indicates the cost/incentive of 1 KWh expressed in the chosen
currency (default is 0.50).
Date/Time
Allows you to set the current date and time (daylight saving time not
included)
Language
Allows you to set the required menu language
Vstart
This section of the menu allows you to set the Vstart voltage (separately
for both channels if they are configured in independent mode), to adapt
it to the requirements of the system.

000035BG

We advise changing the activation voltage only if really necessary and to set it to the
correct value: the photovoltaic generator sizing instrument available on the Internet
site of Power-One indicates whether it is necessary to change the Vstart and the value
to set.
Autotest
After the Autotest procedure, the following information is available:
- Nominal threshold (set in the inverter)
- Value of the quantity found during autotest
- Nominal operation time (set in the inverter)
- Operation time found
The values can be used to fill in the attached ENEL documents.
If the test is not passed, the machine stops until the test is passed.
The tests that can be carried out are the following:
Max Voltage: Disconnection from the grid due to Overvoltage that can
be carried out on the three phases R, S and T.
Min Voltage: Disconnection from the grid due to Undervoltage that
can be carried out on the three phases R, S and T.
Max Frequency: Disconnection from the grid due to Over Frequency
Min Frequency: Disconnection from the grid due to Under Frequency

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Operation

Alarm
This section of the menu allows you to set the switching of a relay contact (available as a normally open contact N.O. and also as a normally closed contact N.C.). This contact can be used, for example, to:
activate a siren or a visual alarm, control the disconnect device of an
external transformer, or control an external device. Maximum ratings of
the alarm contact: 240Vac/1A and 30Vdc/0.8A
The switching of the relay can be set in 4 different modes:
PRODUCTION: the relay switches when the inverter connects to the
grid.
ALARM: the relay switches when there is an alarm (code E).
ALARM (conf.): the relay switches if there are alarms (code E) or warnings (code W) chosen by the user from a list (the list may also show
choices that are not envisaged for the specific model).
CREPUSCULAR: the relay switches only when it exceeds the input
voltage set for connection to the grid.
Remote Control
This section of the menu allows you to enable/disable the connection/
disconnection of the inverter to/from the grid through the relevant control
signal (R ON/OFF).
Disable: the connection/disconnection of the inverter to/from the grid
is dictated by the input (voltage from the photovoltaic generator) and
output (grid voltage) parameters of the inverter.
Enable: the connection/disconnection of the inverter to/from the grid is
dictated by the state of the R ON/OFF signal compared to the GND signal as well as by the input (voltage from the photovoltaic generator) and
output (grid voltage) parameters of the inverter.

000035BG

UV prot. T
This section of the menu allows you to set the time for which the inverter
stays connected to the grid after the input voltage has dropped below
the Under Voltage limit (set at 70% of Vstart). Power-One sets the time
at 60 sec. The user can set it at from 1 to 3600 sec.
Example: with the UV Prot.time set at 60 seconds, if the Vin drops below
70% of Vstart at 9:00, the inverter stays connected to the grid (taking
power from it) until 9:01.
MPPT
This section of the menu allows you to set the parameters of the maximum power point search (MPPT) function. This function is useful when
there are shadowed areas on the PV generator that can create several
maximum power points in the work curve.
MPPT amplitude: the amplitude of the interference introduced in DC
is chosen through the setting of this parameter to establish the optimal
working point. There are 3 settings to choose from (LOW, MEDIUM,
HIGH). The default setting is MEDIUM.
Multi-max scan: through the setting of this parameter, you can enable/
disable the scan, decide the frequency with which the scan is carried out
and override it manually.
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Operation

Enable/Disable: Enables/Disables the scan for identifying the maximum power point of the system.
Scan Interval: this allows you to set the interval of time between scans.
It must be borne in mind that, the shorter the interval between scans, the
greater will be the loss of production due to the fact that, during the scan,
energy is transferred to the grid but not at the maximum power point.
Each scan takes 2 seconds.
Manual Scan: Allows you to start (asynchronously to the periodicity set
through the Scan Interval) the manual scanning of the photovoltaic generator for peak point tracking.
Analogue Inputs
This section of the menu allows you to set the analogue sensors connected at the input (AN1 and AN2)
Setting of Gain: Allows you to set the gain of the sensor
Setting of Offset: Allows you to set the offset of the sensor
Setting of Unit of M.: Allows you to set the unit of measure of the sensor
For further details, specifications and connection diagrams of
compatible Power-One sensors, consult the Installation chapter.
SENSORS PT100 AND PT1000
(can be directly connected to the corresponding analogue input; the
PT100/PT1000 inputs of the acquisition card do not require the configuration of gain and offset)
PVI-AEC-T100-ADH: adhesive PT100 sensor for module temperature
measurement
PVI-AEC-T100-BOX: PT100 sensor for ambient temperature measurement in IP65 container.
PVI-AEC-T1000-BOX: PT1000 sensor for ambient temperature measurement in IP65 container.

000035BG

Alarm Msg
This section of the menu allows you to enter a customized message that
is displayed on the display immediately after the specific error message
has been displayed.
Enable/Disable: Enables/Disables the display of customized messages
Writing of Msg: you can write your customized message that can be
written on two lines of 16 characters each. To write the message, use the
UP/DOWN arrows to choose the character you wish to enter and press
ENTER to confirm.

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Operation

Information menu

Product ID
Allows you to display the product identification code.
Serial No.
Allows you to display the serial number of the equipment.
Firmware
Allows you to display the revision of the firmware installed in the equipment.
Country selector
Allows you to display information regarding the grid standard set with the
rotary selectors.
- Current value: Displays the set grid standard.
- New value: If the position of the rotary switches is changed (a new
grid standard is therefore selected) during operation, the new standard selected will be displayed but will be made effective only after the
equipment has been switched off and then on again and only if the time
remaining for carrying out this operation has not expired (24h of operation).
- Set new: Allows you to confirm/set the new grid standard set in the
New value section of the previous menu. When this function is used,
there will be no correspondence between the standard selected on the
display and the position of the rotary selectors.
- Time remaining: Displays the time remaining in which it is still possible to set a new grid standard. When the time expires, Locked will be
displayed, which indicates it is not possible to change the grid standard
again.
Fuse control (only for -S2X versions)
Strings: Displays the voltage and the state of the strings present at
the input of the equipment. A string can be in one of the following states:
OK, OFF (damaged) and ABS (absent)
Currents: Displays the current and the state of the strings present at
the input of the equipment. A string current can be in one of the following
states: OK, UNB (unbalanced current) and ABS (absent)

000035BG

Analogue Inputs
Allows you to display the reading of the measurements associated with
the two analogue inputs A1/A2.

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Operation

AUTOTEST procedure

Complies with the guide for connections to the electricity grid of ENEL distribuzione
According to the guide for connections to the electricity grid of ENEL
distribuzione, the autotest can be started through the display menu or
using an RS485/USB converter through the dedicated interface software.
The necessary conditions for being able to carry out the Autotest are as
follows:
To have set the ENEL grid standard.
The inverter must be connected to the grid so as to be able to simulate
the disconnection condition.
Do not carry out any operations during execution of the test.
Check that the device is permanently connected to the grid.
Execution of the autotest through the display menu
Go to SETTINGS > Autotest >
OV Test R

OV Test S

OV Test T

UV Test R

UV Test S

UV Test T

OF Test

UF Test
In the section of the menu dedicated to the Autotest, the type of test the
device is to start can be selected from the following:
OV Test: Disconnection from the grid due to Overvoltage
UV Test: Disconnection from the grid due to Undervoltage
OF Test: Disconnection from the grid due to Over Frequency
UF Test: Disconnection from the grid due to Under Frequency
The OV and UV tests can be carried out on each single phase
(R;S;T)

000036AG

Description of the tests that can be carried out

Test in progress
.....

OV Test
During this test, the limit set for the maximum grid voltage (AC) is gradually reduced until the threshold is reached where disconnection of the
inverter from the grid occurs. A message indicating the start of the test
is shown on the display.

Test V= ... V
OK
T= ... ms

At the end of the test, when the inverter has disconnected from the grid,
the test result will be shown on the display.
Press the ESC button to go to the Autotest menu again to select the next
test to be carried out.
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Operation

Test in progress
.....

Test V= ... V
OK
T= ... ms

UV Test
During this test, the limit set for the minimum grid voltage (AC) is gradually increased until the threshold is reached where disconnection of the
inverter from the grid occurs. A message indicating the start of the test
is shown on the display.

At the end of the test, when the inverter has disconnected from the grid,
the test result will be shown on the display.
Press the ESC button to go to the Autotest menu again to select the next
test to be carried out.

Test in progress
.....

OF Test
During this test, the limit set for the maximum grid frequency (Hz) is
gradually reduced until the threshold is reached where disconnection of
the inverter from the grid occurs. A message indicating the start of the
test is shown on the display.

Test F= ... Hz
OK
T= ... ms

At the end of the test, when the inverter has disconnected from the grid,
the test result will be shown on the display.
Press the ESC button to go to the Autotest menu again to select the next
test to be carried out.

Test in progress
.....

UF Test
During this test, the limit set for the minimum grid frequency (Hz) is gradually increased until the threshold is reached where disconnection of the
inverter from the grid occurs. A message indicating the start of the test
is shown on the display.

Test F= ... Hz
OK
T= ... ms

At the end of the test, when the inverter has disconnected from the grid,
the test result will be shown on the display.
Press the ESC button to go to the Autotest menu again to select the next
test to be carried out.

000036AG

Once one of the tests (of the Autotest section) has been started, it takes place automatically. After the test has finished correctly, the inverter restores the factory-set
switch-off values.

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8
8 - Maintenance
General conditions
Checking and maintenance operations must be carried out by specialized staff assigned to carry out this work.
Maintenance operations must be carried out with the equipment disconnected from
the grid, unless otherwise indicated.
For cleaning, DO NOT use rags made of filamentary material or corrosive products
that may corrode parts of the equipment or generate electrostatic charges.
Avoid temporary repairs. All repairs should be carried out using only genuine spare
parts.
The maintenance technician is under an obligation to promptly report any anomalies.
DO NOT allow the equipment to be used if problems of any kind are
found, and restore the normal conditions correctly or in case make sure
this is done.
Always use the personal protective equipment provided by the employer and comply
with the safety conditions of the Accident prevention chapter.
Power-One accepts no liability if the checking and maintenance cycles
indicated in this manual and in the attached documentation are not complied with correctly, and also when maintenance is entrusted to unqualified staff.

000037AG

To maintain the correct working performance, have the systems checked by your installer
after about 5 years of activity.

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Maintenance

Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance operations can be carried out directly by the user

or by the installer.

200 h

1,000 h

1,000 h

2,000 h

Table: routine maintenance

Clean the equipment once a month; in particular, the lower grille on the wiring
box 02 through which the air for cooling the heatsink 26 passes and the heatsink.
If possible, use compressed air, an extractor or suitable pipe cleaners.
Clean the photovoltaic panels every six months, at the change of season
or as necessary. The performance of the system depends very much on
the condition of the PV panels.
To clean, follow the specifications of the PV panel supplier.
Every six months or in the event of malfunctioning, check that the
environmental conditions have not changed drastically (exposure to
weather conditions); also check that the inverter or PV panels have not
been shaded or isolated by foreign bodies.
Once a year or in the event of malfunctioning, check the tightness of the
cable glands 10 or 11, the fixing of the connectors and the fixing of the
front cover 08. Seepages may cause problems of damp and consequent
short circuits.

Special maintenance
Special maintenance operations can be carried out only by the installer
or qualified staff.

1,000 h

1,000 h

000038BG

1,000 h

2,000 h

Table: special maintenance

Every six months or in the event of anomalies, especially after violent
weather conditions, check the DC overvoltage surge arresters 15 (error
W019) and the AC overvoltage surge arresters 18 (error W018).
Both surge arresters are class II.
Also check the fuses(error W017 only for S2X version) and replace
the damaged ones. Before starting the inverter again, the cause of the
fault must be resolved.
Every six months or in the event of malfunctioning, check the tightness
of all the connections, especially the quick fit connectors, the cable glands
10 and 11, the terminal boards and the screws of the front cover 08.
Every six months or in the event of malfunctioning, check the inverter
cooling fans.
Before connecting to the grid, the inverter carries out a test on the
internal fans and, in the event of an anomaly, generates an alarm
signal.
Once a year or in the event of malfunctioning, check the backup battery
and replace it if necessary. The battery normally lasts 10 years, but many
conditions can reduce its efficiency. The battery is in the V housing of
the communication card 09.
- 91 -

Maintenance

Alarm Messages

The equipment is able to indicate errors/warnings on the display only if

the input voltage is higher than the Vdcmin voltage (POWER LED flashing or on; see operation chapter).
The messages and their codes are indicated on the highlighted part b10
of the display 23.

b10
23
25

000038BG

POWER

ALARM

GFI

Cause

ESC

UP

DOWN

ENTER

Display
Message

Display
Codes

Alarm

Solution

Ground
Fault

Red LED

Ground Fault The alarm is generated when a ground

leakage current is detected in the DC
section of the system.
The alarm is accompanied by the
lighting up of the red LED on the front
of the inverter.

Degauss
error

---

Degaussing
state fail

Input OC

E001

Input
Overcurrent

The alarm appears when the inverter You must check whether the composition of the PV generator
input current exceeds the set overcurrent allows an input current that exceeds the maximum threshold
threshold.
allowed by the inverter and that the configuration of the
(independent or parallel) inputs is carried out correctly.
If the configuration of the PV generator and the setting of the
input channels are suitable, contact thePower-one Service

Input OV

E002

Input
Overvoltage

This alarm is indicated when the inverter

input voltage (coming from the PV generator)
exceeds the operating threshold. The alarm
is triggered before reaching the absolute
threshold beyond which the inverter will
be damaged. When the inverter input
voltage exceeds the Over Voltage threshold,
the inverter will not start because of the
generation of the alarm.

No
Parameters

E003

Internal
Parameters
Error

The main microcontroller is unable to This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked
correctly initialize the two DSPs (booster externally. If the problem persists (after switching the inverter
off and then on again), contact the Power-one Service.
stage and inverter stage).
This is usually due to communication
problems on the internal bus of the
inverter.

Bulk OV

E004

Bulk
Overvoltage

Error inside the inverter. The alarm is

raised when the voltage at the ends of
the bulk capacitors exceeds the Over
Voltage threshold.

- 92 -

If possible, measure the insulation resistance using a

megohmmeter positioned between the photovoltaic field
(positive terminal short-circuited to the negative pole) and
ground.
If the measured value is less than 1 megaohm, the
photovoltaic generator must be checked by a technician/
installer to identify and eliminate the problem.
If the measured value is greater than 1 megaohm and the
error warning continues to be present, contact the Powerone Service.

Measure the input voltage in the inverter with a voltmeter.

If it is higher than the maximum voltage of the operating
interval, the alarm is real and you must check the
configuration of the PV generator.
If it is lower than the maximum voltage of the operating
interval, the alarm is caused by an internal malfunctioning
and you must contact the Power-one Service

The alarm can be caused by causes external to the

inverter: an excessive inverter input voltage can be
detected as a bulk overvoltage condition. In this case,
it is advisable to check the inverter input voltage
and, if this value is near the input OV threshold, reexamine the configuration of the photovoltaic generator.
The alarm can be caused by causes internal to the inverter,
and in this case, you must contact the Power-one Service.

Maintenance
Comm.Error E005

Internal
cation Error

The alarm occurs when there are Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
communication problems between the If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
control devices inside the inverter.
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Output OC

E006

Output
Overcurrent

The alarm appears when the inverter Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
output current exceeds the output If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
overcurrent threshold of the inverter.
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

IGBT Sat

E007

IGBT
Saturation

The alarm appears when one of the Once the error appears, the inverter attempts to resume
active devices of the inverter is in normal operation. If the error occurs sporadically, it may be
saturation state.
caused by a sharp transition of the grid voltage or the input
voltage but is not attributable to inverter malfunctioning.
If the error is associated with an internal fault, it will continue
to appear, and you must therefore contact the Power-one
Service.

Internal error E009

000038BG

Internal Error Error inside the inverter

Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.

If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.
If the error warning appears sporadically, it can be attributed
to causes external to the inverter (insufficient irradiation,
and therefore little power available from the PV generator)
. If the problem appears systematically even in conditions of
high solar radiation and with input voltage significantly higher
than the activation voltage, contact the Power-one Service.

Bulk Low

E010

Low Bulk
Voltage

The alarm can be caused by causes

external to the inverter: a low inverter
input voltage (just above the activation
voltage) that is not accompanied by
sufficient availability of power from the
photovoltaic generator (typical condition
of periods of insufficient irradiation).

Ramp Fail

E011

Bulk ramp
timeout

Error inside the inverter regarding the Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
time for starting steady state operation If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
of the DC-DC circuit part (Booster).
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

DcDc Fail

E012

Booster
module error
revealed by
Inverter

Error inside the inverter regarding the Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
operation of the DC-DC circuit part If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
(Booster).
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Wrong Mode E013

Wrong
Input Mode
(parallel
instead of
independent)

The alarm is generated only when

the inverter is configured with parallel
inputs. In this particular configuration,
the inverter carries out the input voltage
check of each of the two channels, and
the alarm is raised if the two voltages
differ by more than 20Vdc.

Make sure the setting of the "IN MODE" switch has been
intentionally positioned on "PAR" and that the jumpers have
been inserted between the two input channels.
If the configuration of the inverter is correct, check that the
input strings have the usual number of panels in series, of
the usual make and with the same inclination/orientation. If
both the configuration of the inverter and the characteristics
of the PV generator comply with the specifications, contact
the Power-one Service.

Over Temp.

E014

Overtemperature

External temperature above 60C. This

parameter also depends on the power
that the inverter must supply since the
measurement of the temperatures is
carried out internally and is affected by
the heat dissipated by the components
of the inverter.

Wait for the temperatures to which the inverter is exposed to

return within operating range and for the inverter to cool down
If the problem persists (once the ambient temperature has
returned within the range), contact the Power-one Service.
You must remember to wait for the time necessary to allow
the inverter to cool down.

Bulk Cap
Fail

E015

Bulk
Capacitor
Fail

Error inside the inverter regarding a Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
problem in the bulk capacitors.
If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Inverter Fail

E016

Inverter
module error
revealed by
Booster

The alarm is generated when a problem Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
is detected in the inverter circuit part If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
(DC/AC).
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Start
Timeout

E017

Inverter
Error inside the inverter regarding the Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
module start- time for starting steady state operation If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
up timeout
of the DC-AC circuit part (Inverter).
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Ground
Fault

E018

Leakage
current fail

The alarm is generated when, during normal

operation of the inverter, a ground leakage
current is detected in the DC section of the
system. The alarm is accompanied by the
lighting up of the red LED on the front of the
inverter. The inverter may even also generate
the E018 alarm message for AC leakage
currents associated with the capacitive nature
of the photovoltaic generator compared to
ground.

- 93 -

If possible, measure the insulation resistance using a

megohmmeter positioned between the photovoltaic field
(positive terminal short-circuited to the negative pole) and
ground.
If the measured value is less than 1 megaohm, the PV
generator must be checked by a technician/installer to
identify and eliminate the problem.
If the measured value is greater than 1 megaohm and the
error warning continues to be present, contact the Powerone Service.

Maintenance
Self Test
Error 3

E019

Leakage
current
sensor selftest fail

Before connecting to the grid, the

inverter carries out an autotest that
regards the leakage current sensor. The
test is carried out by forcing a current
of known value in the leakage current
sensor: the microprocessor compares
the read value with the known value.
The error is generated if the comparison
between the read value and the known
value during the test is not within the
allowed tolerance.

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem persists (after switching the inverter
off and then on again), contact the Power-one Service. By its
nature, the alarm appears only before connection to the grid.

Self Test
Error 1

E020

Booster relay Before connecting to the grid, the

self-test fail
inverter carries out some internal tests.
One of these tests regards the correct
operation of the booster relay. The test is
carried out by forcing the switching of
the relay and checking its functionality.
The error is generated if a problem is
found with the operation of the relay.

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem persists (after switching the inverter
off and then on again), contact the Power-one Service. By its
nature, the alarm appears only before connection to the grid.

Self Test
Error 2

E021

Inverter relay Before connecting to the grid, the

self-test fail
inverter carries out a test that regards the
operation of the inverter relay. The test is
carried out by forcing the switching of
the relay and checking its functionality.
The error is generated if a problem is
found with the operation of the relay.

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem persists (after switching the inverter
off and then on again), contact the Power-one Service. By its
nature, the alarm appears only before connection to the grid.

Self Test
Error 4

E022

Relay selftest timeout

Time taken to execute the autotest Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.
carried out on the relays of the DC_AC If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
circuit part (inverter) is too long. This then on again), contact the Power-one Service.
may indicate a problem associated with
the aforesaid relays.

DC inj error

E023

Dc-Injection
out of range

The error is generated if the direct If the grid voltage is strongly distorted, report this anomaly
component of the current supplied to to the grid company for the resolution of the problem
the grid exceeds the threshold of 0.5% If there is an inverter fault, contact the Power-one Service.
of the rated operating current.
In any case, the inverter does not stop
because of the E023 error, but tries to
connect to the grid again.
Sporadic repetition of the error is a sign of
large grid distortions or sudden changes
in irradiation, whereas systematic
repetition of the error warning will be a
sign of an inverter fault.

Internal error E024

Riso Low

000038BG

E025
(not
shown
on the
display)

Internal Error Error inside the inverter

Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.

If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Low
insulation
resistance

If possible, measure the insulation resistance using a

megohmmeter positioned between the photovoltaic
field (positive terminal short-circuited to the negative
pole) and ground (as described in the relevant section:
"checking the ground insulation of the PV generator").
If the measured value is less than 1 megaohm,
the photovoltaic generator must be checked by a
technician/installer to identify and eliminate the problem
If the measured value is greater than 1 megaohm and the
error warning continues to be present, contact the Powerone Service.

Before connecting to the grid, the inverter

measures the insulation resistance of
the PV generator compared to ground.
If the insulation resistance measured
by the inverter is less than 1 Mohm,
the inverter does not connect to the grid
and shows the Riso Low error. The
causes may be:
- Damaged PV panel(s).
- Junction box(es) of the panels
not properly sealed, so allowing
water and/or damp seepage;
- Problems in the connections between
panels (not perfectly connected);
- Poor quality cable junctions;
- Presence of unsuitable (trigger voltage
lower than the characteristics of the
PV generator strings) or damaged
overvoltage surge arresters outside the
inverter in the DC section.
- Presence of damp inside the field
panel, if there is one.

- 94 -

(Damp increases leakage and can therefore be the cause

of a reduction in insulation resistance).

Maintenance
Vref Error

E026

Bad internal
reference
voltage

Wrong measurement of the reference Internal error that cannot be checked externally. If the
voltage inside the equipment
problem persists (even after switching the inverter off and
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Error Meas
V

E027

VGrid
Measures
Fault

Error in the internal measurement of the

grid voltage (imposed by regulations)
to have a measurement redundancy (2
measurements on the same parameter
carried out by two different circuits).

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem is persistent (even after switching
the inverter off and then on again), contact the Power-one
Service.

Error Meas
F

E028

FGrid
Measures
Fault

Error in the internal measurement of the

grid frequency (imposed by regulations)
to have a measurement redundancy (2
measurements on the same parameter
carried out by two different circuits).

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem is persistent (even after switching
the inverter off and then on again), contact the Power-one
Service.

Error Meas
Z

E029

ZGrid
Measures
Fault

Error in the internal measurement of

the insulation resistance of the PV
generator compared to ground (imposed
by regulations) to have a measurement
redundancy (2 measurements on the
same parameter carried out by two
different circuits).

Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.

The error occurs if the internal measurement is carried out
before connection to the grid) If the problem is persistent
(even after switching the inverter off and then on again),
contact the Power-one Service.

Error Meas
Ileak

E030

ILeak
Measures
Fault

Error in the internal measurement

(carried out when the inverter is
connected to the grid) of the leakage
current of the DC side (PV generator)
compared to ground (imposed by
regulations) to have a measurement
redundancy (2 measurements on the
same parameter carried out by two
different circuits).

This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked

externally. If the problem is persistent (even after switching
the inverter off and then on again), contact the Power-one
Service.

Error Read
V

E031

Wrong V
Measure

Measurement of the internal voltage at This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked
the ends of the output relay out of range. externally. If the problem appears repeatedly, you must
There is too great a difference in voltage contact the Power-one Service.
between the input and the output of the
output relay.

Error Read I E032

Wrong I
Measure

Measurement of the output voltage This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be checked
unbalance (carried out between the externally. If the problem appears repeatedly, you must
three phases) out of range (only in contact the Power-one Service.
three-phase models).

UTH

E033

Under
Temperature

Temperature outside the inverter below Wait for the temperatures to which the inverter
-25C
is exposed to return within operating range.
If the problem persists, contact the Power-one Service.
You must remember to wait for the time necessary to allow
the inverter to warm up.

Interlock fail

E034

IGBT not
ready

Error inside the inverter

Error inside the inverter that cannot be checked externally.

If the problem persists (after switching the inverter off and
then on again), contact the Power-one Service.

Remote Off

E035
(not
shown
on the
display)

Waiting
remote ON

The inverter has been switched off

remotely (remote OFF) and remains
in waiting state for the signal that will
switch it on again (remote ON).

Switch on the inverter remotely. If the unit does not switch

on, disable the remote on/off function and switch the
equipment off completely and then switch it on again.
If the problem persists (after re-enabling the Remote ON/
OFF function from the display), contact the Power-one
Service.

E036

Average
Vout out of
range

The average grid voltage value (every

10 minutes) does not fall within the
allowed ranges. The grid voltage at
the point connected to the inverter is
too high. This may be caused by a grid
impedance that is too high. Towards the
end of the timeout, the inverter limits the
power to check whether the grid voltage
stabilizes within the normal parameters.
If this does not happen, the inverter
disconnects from the grid.

Check the grid voltage at the inverter connection point.

If the grid voltage diverges from the range because of grid
conditions, ask the grid company to adjust the grid voltage.
If the grid company authorizes a change to the inverter
parameters, arrange the new limits with the Power-one
Service.

Vout Avg
error

000038BG

- 95 -

Maintenance

000038BG

Riso Low

E037

Low
insulation
resistance
(amorphous
mode only)

Mid Bulk OV E038

Mid bulk OV

This error can appear only if the

Amorphous mode is enabled. This
function is enabled only in inverters
equipped with grounding kit and is used
to monitor the voltage at the ends of the
grounding resistor. The error appears
when the voltage at the ends of the
resistor connected between ground
and pole of the photovoltaic generator
exceeds 30V for more than 30 minutes
or 120V for more than one second.

Check for the presence and correct contacting of the two

terminals of the grounding resistor installed inside the
inverter.
If
possible, measure the insulation resistance using a
megohmmeter positioned between the PV field
(positive terminal short-circuited to the negative pole)
and ground (as described in the operation chapter).
If the measured value is less than 1 megaohm, the
photovoltaic generator must be checked by a technician/
installer to identify and eliminate the problem.
If the measured value is greater than 1 megaohm and the
error warning continues to be present, contact the Powerone Service.

Sun Low

W001

(Low input
voltage
during
switch-on
on of the
inverter)

Insufficient irradiation.
Wrong configuration of the PV generator
or a configuration at the limit as
regards the minimum input voltage of
the inverter.

Check the inverter input voltage.

If it does not exceed the Vstart, check that there is sufficient
irradiation and that the composition of the system is correct.
If it exceeds the Vstart, contact the Power-one Service.

Input UV

W002

(Low input
voltage
during
switch-off)

Insufficient irradiation
Wrong configuration of the photovoltaic
generator or a configuration at the limit
as regards the minimum input voltage
of the inverter.

Check the inverter input voltage.

If it does not exceed the Vstart, check that there is sufficient
irradiation and that the composition of the system is correct.
If it exceeds the Vstart, contact the Power-one Service.

Grid Fail

W003

Grid Fail
(grid voltage
parameters
outside the
limits)

This error warning appears when, during

normal operation of the inverter, the grid
parameters fall outside the limits set by
the grid company.
No grid voltage (after the warning, the
inverter goes on "No Vac") Unstable
grid voltage (downwards and upwards)
Unstable grid frequency

Check the grid voltage on the inverter. If absent, check

for the absence of grid voltage on the supply. If the
voltage tends to rise (when the inverter is connected),
it means there are high line or grid impedances.
Check the grid voltage on the supply as well; if it is high, it
means there is a high grid impedance. In this case, ask the
grid company to adjust the grid voltage. If the grid company
authorizes a change to the inverter parameters, arrange the
new limits with the Power-one Service.
If the voltage at the supply point is much lower than that
measured on the inverter, the line must be adjusted (invertercounter). If the grid voltage and frequency fall within the limits
(even when the inverter is connected to the grid), contact
the Power-one Service.

Table fail

W009

Empty Wind
Table

Fan Fail

W010
(not
shown
on the
display)

Fan Fail

This error appears when there is

malfunctioning of the fan(s) inside the
inverter. In this condition, the yellow LED
on the front panel flashes.

Bulk UV

W011

Bulk Undervoltage

Reading of the internal voltage on the

bulk capacitors carried out when the
inverter is connected to the grid.

Battery low

W012

Low internal
clock battery
voltage

Internal battery for maintenance of Replace the battery with the inverter completely switched off
the date/time settings is discharged or (disconnect AC side and DC side) and be sure to observe
damaged.
the correct polarity.

Clk fail

W013

Internal clock The alarm appears when the time This is an error inside the inverter that cannot be resolved
fail
shown on the display differs by more with external operations. If the alarm is persistently repeated,
than 1 minute from the internal time of contact the Power-one Service.
the microprocessors and indicates clock
circuit malfunctioning.

Jbox fail

W017

Fuse-control
board fail
(DC string
fail)

(wind models only)

Error inside the inverter that cannot be resolved with external
operations. If the alarm is persistently repeated, contact the
Power-one Service.
(Alarm not shown on the display; there is only a
flashing yellow LED)

Fuse(s) on the fuse boards is/are Using a multimeter, check the condition of the fuses (situated
damaged.
on the fuse boards).
Replace any open fuses and check that the input current on
the string(s) does not exceed the rating of the fuses (if string
parallels have been made outside the inverter).
If there are no damaged string fuses and the inverter
continues to display the alarm message, check whether
the settings to be made through the Aurora Manager
software are correct (presence or absence of one or more
input strings).

- 96 -

Maintenance

W018

SPD DC
protection
open

Overvoltage surge arresters situated on Look at the inspection window present on each surge
the DC side are damaged.
arrester (DC side). If it is red, the surge arrester is damaged
and the cartridge must be replaced.
If the alarm status continues to be present even though all
the surge arresters have a green inspection window, contact
the Power-one Service.

SPD AC
protection
open

W019

SPD AC
protection
open

Overvoltage surge arresters situated on Look at the inspection window present on each surge
the AC side are damaged.
arrester (AC side). If it is red, the surge arrester is damaged
and the cartridge must be replaced.
If the alarm status continues to be present even though all
the surge arresters have a green inspection window, contact
the Power-one Service.

000038BG

SPD DC
protection
open

- 97 -

Maintenance

Verification of ground leakage

If the inverter has reported a ground fault, there may be a ground leakage from the PV generator (DC side).
To check this, measure the voltage between the positive pole and ground
and between the negative pole (of the PV generator) and ground using a
voltmeter whose input accepts a voltage of at least 1000 Volts.

Behaviour of a system without leakage

Due to the capacitive effect of the PV generator, during the first moments that the voltmeter is connected between one of the two poles
and ground, it will measure a voltage of about Voc/2, which will tend to
stabilize around 0V if there is no ground leakage, as shown in the graph
below:

The internal resistance of the voltmeter tends to zero the voltage

present on the PV generator due
to the capacitive effect.

V
+Vs
t

Voc
-Vs

(-)
How to make the measurement:
(+)

000040AG

Volt

- 98 -

Maintenance

Behaviour of a system with leakage

If the voltage measured between one of the two poles and ground does
not tend to 0V and stabilizes on a value, there is a ground leakage from
the PV generator.
Example: When the measurement is made between positive pole and
ground, a voltage of 200V is measured.
V
200 V
t

300 V

This means that if the system is made up of 10 modules in series and

each one supplies 50V, the leakage can be located between the 4th and
5th PV module.
Vb

Va
1

50 V

50 V

50 V

50 V

50 V

50 V

50 V

(+)

8
50 V

9
50 V

10
50 V

(-)

000040AG

Va = voltage measured between + pole and = 200V

Vb = voltage measured between - pole and = 300V
In all the measurements with , the ground of the inverter is indicated.

- 99 -

Maintenance

Measuring the insulation resistance (Riso)

To measure the insulation resistance of the PV generator compared to

ground ( ), the two poles of the PV generator must be short-circuited
(using a suitably sized selector).

FV

(+)

IG

(-)

Once the short-circuit has been made, measure the insulation resistance (Riso) using a megohmmeter positioned between the two shorted
poles and ground (of the inverter).
FV

(+)

IG

(-)

Mega
Inverter

If the Riso is less than 1 MOhm, the inverter does not connect to the grid
because of low insulation of the PV generator to ground.

000043AG

The Riso is affected by the environmental conditions the PV generator is in (E.g.: PV

modules wet from damp or rain), and therefore the measurement must be made immediately after the inverter gives the Riso LOW warning.

- 100 -

Maintenance

Storage and dismantling

Storage of the equipment or prolonged stop

If the equipment is not used immediately or is stored for long periods,
check that it is correctly packed and contact Power-One for storage
instructions.
The equipment must be stored in well-ventilated indoor areas that do not
have characteristics that might damage the components of the equipment.
Restarting after a long or prolonged stop requires a check and, in some
cases, the removal of oxidation and dust that will also have settled inside
the equipment if not suitable protected.

Dismantling, decommissioning and disposal

Power-One CANNOT be held responsible for disposal of the equipment: displays, cables,
batteries, accumulators, etc., and therefore the customer must dispose of these substances,
which are potentially harmful to the environment, in accordance with the regulations in force
in the country of installation.
If the equipment is dismantled, to dispose of the products it consists of,
you must stick to the regulations in force in the country of destination
and in any case avoid causing any kind of pollution.
Dispose of the various types of materials that the parts of the equipment consist of in
dumps that are suitable for the purpose.

000039AG

Table: disposal of components

COMPONENT
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
Frame, brackets, supports................................................................................................ Arc-welded steel FE37
Casing or covers.................................................................................................................................ABS, plastic
Paint.................................................................................................................................................. RAL .............
Gaskets and seals............................................................................................................. Rubber / Teflon / Viton
Electrical cables.......................................................................................................................... Copper / Rubber
Cable trays............................................................................................................................Polyethylene / Nylon
Backup battery ................................................................................................................... Nickel / Lead/ Lithium
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