10/19/2016

SteamHeatingProcessesLoadCalculating

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SteamHeatingProcessesLoadCalculating
Calculatingtheamountofsteaminnonflowbatchandcontinuousflowheatingprocesses
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Ingeneralsteamheatingisusedto
changeaproductorfluidtemperature
maintainaproductorfluidtemperature
Abenefitwithsteamisthelargeamountofheatenergythatcanbetransferred.Theenergyreleasedwhensteamcondensestowaterisintherange20002250kJ/kg(dependingon
thepressure)comparedtowaterwith80120kJ/kg(withtemperaturedifference2030oC).

ChangingProductTemperatureHeatinguptheProductwithSteam
Theamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofasubstancecanbeexpressedas:
Q=mcpdT(1)
where
Q=quantityofenergyorheat(kJ)
m=massofthesubstance(kg)
cp=specificheatofthesubstance(kJ/kgoC)MaterialPropertiesandHeatCapacitiesforseveralmaterials
dT=temperatureriseofthesubstance(oC)
PreferringImperialUnitsUsetheUnitsConverter!
Thisequationcanbeusedtodetermineatotalamountofheatenergyforthewholeprocess,butitdoesnottakeintoaccounttherateofheattransferwhichis:
amountofheatenergytransferredperunittime
Innonflowtypeapplicationsafixedmassorasinglebatchofproductisheated.Inflowtypeapplicationstheproductorfluidisheatedwhenitconstantlyflowsoveraheattransfer
surface.

NonfloworBatchHeating
Innonflowtypeapplicationstheprocessfluidiskeptasasinglebatchwithinatankorvessel.Asteamcoilorasteamjacketheatsthefluidfromalowtoahightemperature.
Themeanrateofheattransferforsuchapplicationscanbeexpressedas:
q=mcpdT/t(2)
where
q=meanheattransferrate(kW(kJ/s))
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m=massoftheproduct(kg)
cp=specificheatoftheproduct(kJ/kg.oC)MaterialPropertiesandHeatCapacitiesforseveralmaterials
dT=Changeintemperatureofthefluid(oC)
t=totaltimeoverwhichtheheatingprocessoccurs(seconds)
ExampleTimerequiredtoHeatupWaterwithdirectInjectionofSteam
Thetimerequiredtoheat75kgofwater(cp=4.2kJ/kgoC)fromtemperature20oCto75oCwithsteamproducedfromaboilerwithcapacity200kW(kJ/s)canbecalculatedby
transformingeq.2to
t=mcpdT/q
=(75kg)(4.2kJ/kgoC)((75oC)(20oC))/(200kJ/s)
=86s
Note!whensteamisinjecteddirectlytothewaterallthesteamcondensestowaterandalltheenergyfromthesteamistransferredinstantly.
Whenheatingthroughaheatexchangertheheattransfercoefficientandtemperaturedifferencebetweenthesteamandtheheatedfluidmatters.Increasingsteampressure
increasestemperatureandincreasesheattransfer.Heatuptimeisdecreased.
Overallsteamconsumptionmayincreaseduetohigherheatloss,ordecreaseduetotoshorterheatuptime,dependingontheconfigurationoftheactualsystem.

FloworContinuousHeatingProcesses
Inheatexchangerstheproductorfluidflowiscontinuouslyheated.
Abenefitwithsteamishomogeneousheatsurfacetemperaturessincetemperaturesonheatsurfacesdependsonsteampressure.
Themeanheattransfercanbeexpressedas
q=cpdTm/t(3)
where
q=meanheattransferrate(kW(kJ/s))
m/t=massflowrateoftheproduct(kg/s)
cp=specificheatoftheproduct(kJ/kg.oC)MaterialPropertiesandHeatCapacitiesforcommonmaterials
dT=changeinfluidtemperature(oC)

CalculatingtheAmountofSteam
Ifweknowtheheattransferratetheamountofsteamcanbecalculated:
ms=q/he(4)
where
ms=massofsteam(kg/s)
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SteamHeatingProcessesLoadCalculating

q=calculatedheattransfer(kW)
he=evaporationenergyofthesteam(kJ/kg)
TheevaporationenergyatdifferentsteampressurescanbefoundintheSteamTablewithSIUnitsorintheSteamTablewithImperialUnits.

ExampleBatchHeatingbySteam
Aquantityofwaterisheatedwithsteamof5bar(6barabs)fromatemperatureof35oCto100oCoveraperiodof20minutes(1200seconds).Themassofwateris50kgandthe
specificheatofwateris4.19kJ/kg.oC.
Heattransferrate:
q=(50kg)(4.19kJ/kgoC)((100oC)(35oC))/(1200s)
=11.35kW
Amountofsteam:
ms=(11.35kW)/(2085kJ/kg)
=0.0055kg/s
=19.6kg/h

ExampleContinuouslyHeatingbySteam
Waterflowingataconstantrateof3l/sisheatedfrom10oCto60oCwithsteamat8bar(9barabs).

Theheatflowratecanbeexpressedas:
q=(4.19kJ/kg.oC)((60oC)(10oC))(3l/s)(1kg/l)
=628.5kW
Thesteamflowratecanbeexpressedas:
ms=(628.5kW)/(2030kJ/kg)
=0.31kg/s
=1115kg/h
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