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09 Maths Key Notes CH 05 Introduction To Eulids Geometry

Euclid of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician known as the "father of geometry". He introduced deductive reasoning and proof to geometry in his seminal work Elements. Elements defined fundamental geometric objects like points and lines using axioms and postulates. It proved numerous theorems about triangles, parallels, and proportions using these principles. Euclid's system established geometry as the first branch of mathematics to achieve a fully deductive form and has influenced mathematics for over 2000 years.

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23 views

09 Maths Key Notes CH 05 Introduction To Eulids Geometry

Euclid of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician known as the "father of geometry". He introduced deductive reasoning and proof to geometry in his seminal work Elements. Elements defined fundamental geometric objects like points and lines using axioms and postulates. It proved numerous theorems about triangles, parallels, and proportions using these principles. Euclid's system established geometry as the first branch of mathematics to achieve a fully deductive form and has influenced mathematics for over 2000 years.

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Ashutosh
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Key Notes

Chapter 5
Introduction to Euclids Geometry
1. Euclids Definitions, Axioms and Postulates
2. Equivalent Versions of Euclids Fifth Postulate
The Greeks developed geometry is a systematic manner Euclid (300 B.C.) a greek
mathematician, father of geometry introduced the method of proving mathematical results by
using deductive logical reasoning and the previously proved result. The Geometry of plane figure
is known as "Euclidean Geometry".
Axioms: The basic facts which are taken for granted without proof are called axioms some
Euclid's axioms are:
(i) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another. i.e. a = b, b = c a = c
(ii) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal i.e. a = b a + c = b + c
(iii) If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal i.e. a = b a c = b c
(iv) Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.
(v) The whole is greater than the part.
Postulates: Axioms are the general statements, postulates are the axioms relating to a
particular field.
Educlid's five postulates are.
(i) A straight line may be drawn from any one point to any other point.
(ii) A terminated line can be produced indefinitely.
(iii) A circle can be drawn with any centre and any radius.
(iv) All right angles are equal to one another.
(v) If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it
taken together less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely
meet on that side on which the angles are less than two right angles.
Statements: A sentence which is either true or false but not both, is called a statement.
eg. (i) 4+9=6 If is a false sentence, so it is a statement.
(ii) Sajnay is tall. This is not a statement because he may be tall for certain persons and may not
be taller for others.
Theorems: A statement that requires a proof is called a theorem.
eg. (i) The sum of the angles of triangle is 18 0o .
(ii) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangles are equal.
Corollary - Result deduced from a theorem is called its corollary.

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