Index

(identically equal), 141, 157

(1 + x)n , expansion of, 173
a sin x + b cos x, 56, 104
acceleration, 88
as a function of displacement, 110
as a function of time, 88
d2 x
dv
and 2 , 88
as
dt
dt
d 1 2
( v ), 110
as
dx 2
due to gravity, 94
units of, 89
alternate angles, 286
alternate segment theorem, 377
altitudes of a triangle, 303, 363, 364, 377
amplitude, 99
and in probability, 399
angles, 284
and transversals, 286
at the centre, 345, 353
at the circumference, 353, 358, 365
between a line and a plane, 68
between two planes, 69
bisectors of, 309, 317, 343
in a cyclic quadrilateral, 359
in a semicircle, 352
in opposite segments, 359
in the same segment, 358
size of, 284
Apollonius theorem, 328
arcs of a circle, 346
area formulae, 321
arithmetic mean, 85, 384, 386
arithmetic series, 241
and linear functions, 248
and simple interest, 248
in geometry, 338
auxiliary angle, 56
binary numbers, 425
binomial expansion, 173, 179
greatest coecient and term of, 197
identities on, 201, 429, 431

probability and greatest term of, 448

binomial theorem, 173, 189
and compound interest, 252
and counting, 422, 426, 429, 431, 442
and dierentiation, 202
and divisibility, 196
and integration, 202, 207
and power series, 197
and probability, 442
and the product rule, 239
and trigonometric identities, 200
proof of, 192, 200
birthday problem, 438
boundary conditions, 93, 267, 270
Buons needle problem, 397
bulldozers and bees, 247
Central Railway Station, 324
centroid of a triangle, 337, 364
chords, 344
and tangents, 80, 262, 272
and average rates, 262, 272
and average velocity, 81
distance from the centre, 347
intersecting, 383
perpendicular bisectors of, 347
circles, 344
area of, 225, 321
touching externally, 371
touching internally, 371
circular motion, 358
circumcentre of a triangle, 309, 348, 350, 364, 309,
363, 364
co-interior angles, 286
collinear points, 284
combinations (unordered selections), 427
complement of a set and probability, 400
complementary events, 398
compound interest, 248
and ex , 252
and geometric series, 249
and natural growth, 257, 274, 276
and the binomial expansion, 252

ISBN: 978-1-107-61604-2
Bill Pender, David Sadler, Julia Shea, Derek Ward 2012
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

Cambridge University Press

Index

concentric circles, 344

concurrent lines, 284
concyclic points, 365
tests for, 365
congruence, 300
spurious ASS test, 368
standard tests for, 301, 330
constructions with ruler and compasses, 282
angle of 60 , 306
bisector of a given angle, 309, 317
centre of a given circle, 348
circle through three given points, 348
circle with a given centre and tangent, 375
circle with a given tangent through two
given points, 388
circles tangential to two given lines, 377
circumcircle of a given triangle, 348, 350
copying a given angle, 306
direct common tangents, 377
geometric mean, 386
indirect common tangents, 377
line parallel to a given line, 319
parallelogram, 310, 311
perpendicular bisector, 319
perpendicular line, 319
point inside a square, 369
rectangle, 317
rhombus, 316
right angle, 319
right angle at a given endpoint, 355
square, 317
squaring a given polygon, 388
squaring a given rectangle, 388
squaring a given triangle, 388
tangents from a given external point, 373
convex polygons, 294
corresponding angles, 286
cos1 x, 10
derivative of, 19
cosec1 x, 11, 24
cot1 x, 11, 24
counting, 414
and binomial theorem, 422, 426, 429, 431, 442
and probability, 432
around a circle, 438
multiplication principle of, 414
ordered selections, 414
unordered selections, 425
using cases, 423
with and without repetition, 414
with identical elements, 421
cubics
discriminant of, 168
symmetry of, 146, 172
curve sketching

503

with calculus, 21
without calculus, 14
decreasing at a point, 3
decreasing functions, 2
depreciation, 250
and natural decay, 276
derangements, 420
and e, 432
diameters of a circle, 344
disjoint sets and probability, 398
displacement, 80
as a denite integral, 95
as a primitive, 93
distance travelled, 81
division of integers and polynomials, 147
ellipse, area of, 225
equally likely possible outcomes, 380
equilateral triangles, 303
Euclid, 282
Euler line, 364
Eulers constant, 343
event space, 391
ExcelT M , 257
exponential functions, 4
and geometric series, 249, 271
and nance, 249, 252
exterior angles, 292, 294
factor theorem, 152
consequences of, 155
factorials, 185
and dierentiation, 188
and proof of binomial theorem, 200
Galileo, 94
geometric mean, 85
in geometry, 333, 374, 376, 383, 386
geometric series, 242
and compound interest, 249
and exponential functions, 249, 271
and investing money, 253
and loan repayments, 258
in geometry, 338, 388
gravitation, 94
Newtons law of, 115
Gregorys series, 31
growth rate, 271
halving the interval, 226
convergence of, 246

ISBN: 978-1-107-61604-2
Bill Pender, David Sadler, Julia Shea, Derek Ward 2012
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

Cambridge University Press

504

Index

harmonic conjugates, 172, 387

harmonic mean, 85, 387
harmonic series, 343
homogeneous equations, 52
horizontal line test, 1
housing loan repayments, 258
recursive method for calculating, 261
incentre of a triangle, 376, 377
inclination, angle of, 124
inclusionexclusion principle, 402, 432
increasing at a point, 3
increasing functions, 2
independent events, 403
inequalities, 233
geometric, 309
initial conditions, 93
instalments, 253, 258
intercepts, 338
on intersecting chords, 383
on a secant and a tangent, 383
on secants, 383
interior angles, 292, 294
intersection of sets and probability, 400
intervals, 284
inverse functions, 1
equations of, 1
graphs of, 1
restricting the domain, 1
inverse relations, 1
inverse trigonometric functions, 9
derivatives of, 19
graphs of, 14
integration using, 25, 26
symmetries of, 15
investing money, 253
recursive method for calculating, 257
isosceles triangles, 302
King Arthur, 439
kites, 316, 320
limits, 233
of displacement, 87
of geometric series, 3
of velocity, 87
lines, 283
loan repayments, 258
recursive method for calculating, 261
logarithmic functions, 4
Maclaurin series, 188
major and minor arcs, sectors and segments, 346

CAMBRIDGE MATHEMATICS 3 UNIT YEAR 12

Martin Place, 324

MathematicaT M , 257
mathematical induction, 188, 299, 421
in geometry, 364
maximisation and minimisation
in a binomial expansion, 197, 448
in geometry, 358, 363, 382
medians of a triangle, 303, 337, 364
motion, 79
and geometry and arithmetic, 79
in one dimension, 80
of projectiles, 123
simple harmonic, 99, 116
using functions of displacement, 109
using functions of time, 80
mutually exclusive events, 398
n!n (n
 factorial), 185
, 180, 427
r
natural growth and decay, 270, 277
and compound interest, 257, 274, 276
and geometric series, 149, 271
n
Cr , 180, 427
Newtons law of cooling, 278
Newtons method, 226
and chaos theory, 233
and loan repayments, 262
speed of convergence of, 233
Newtons second law of motion, 79, 89
nine-point circle, 369
not in probability, 398
n
Pr , 415
or in probability, 399
organ pipes, 343
orthocentre of a triangle, 363, 364, 377
parallel lines, 284
distance between, 315
parallelograms, 310
vectors and diagonals of, 314
Pascal pyramid, 179
Pascal triangle, 173, 181, 429
addition property of, 174, 183
and arithmetic sequences, 196, 207
and compound interest, 178
and geometry, 179
and integration, 178
identities on, 178, 201, 429, 431
patterns in, 178
properties of, 174, 182
permutations, 415
physics, 80
motion formulae from, 95

ISBN: 978-1-107-61604-2
Bill Pender, David Sadler, Julia Shea, Derek Ward 2012
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

Cambridge University Press

Index

planes, 283, 291

Plato, 282, 343
playing cards, 391
points, 283
Poisson distribution, 201
polygons, 294
convex, 294
regular, 295, 352, 363
polynomials, 138
division of, 147
equations involving, 141
factoring of, 140, 152, 156, 163
geometry of, 158, 168
graphs of, 143
identically equal, 141, 157
identities on coecients of, 164
locus problems involving, 169
monic, 139
vanishing condition for, 157
zeroes and coecients of, 161
zeroes and multiple zeroes of, 141, 144, 155, 159
power series
and binomial theorem, 197
1
for
, 188
1x
for ex , 147, 188, 432
for sin x, 188
for tan1 x, 31
powers of 11, 179
probability, 390
addition rule for, 399
and counting, 432
and e, 432
and , 397, 449
and Venn diagrams, 391, 398
binomial, 442
experimental, 394, 444
invalid arguments in, 393, 397, 406
maximisation in, 448
product rule for, 403
tree diagrams, 409
products to sums, 64
projectile motion
angle of ight of, 125
equation of path of, 132
speed of, 125
time equations of, 123
Pythagoras, 282
Pythagoras theorem, 325
alternative proofs of, 327, 336
converse of, 325
variants of, 328
Pythagorean triads, 325
complete list of, 329

505

quadrilaterals, 293
cyclic, 359, 365, 382
radical axis, 387
radius of a circle, 344
and tangent, 370
random, 390
rates of change, 262, 267
rays, 284
reciprocal function, 4
rectangles, 315
reected light, 338
relatively prime integers, 150
remainder theorem, 151
resolution of velocity, 124
reverse chain rule, 27, 215
rhombus, 314
sample space, 391
scalars, 87
sec1 x, 11, 18, 24
secants, 383
segments of a circle, 225
semicircles, angles in, 352
sets and probability, 400
Sierpinski triangle fractal, 185
similarity, 329
and circles, 382
standard tests for, 330
simple harmonic motion
amplitude of, 99
centre of motion of, 99, 119
choosing the origin for, 101
choosing time zero for, 101
dierential equation of, 100, 116
ve functions of, 118
period of, 99
phase of, 99, 103
time equations of, 99
x = a cos(nt + ) and x = a sin(nt + ), 99
x = b sin nt + c cos nt, 104
simple interest, 248
sin1 x, 9
derivative of, 19
sin x as an innite product, 160
sine rule, 363
sinh x, 8
skew lines, 291
small-angle approximations, 38
speed
average, 82
instantaneous, 86
spreadsheets, 257
square root function, 4
squares, 315

ISBN: 978-1-107-61604-2
Bill Pender, David Sadler, Julia Shea, Derek Ward 2012
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

Cambridge University Press

506

Index

CAMBRIDGE MATHEMATICS 3 UNIT YEAR 12

stages of an experiment, 392

stationary points, 87
Stirlings formula for n!, 189, 239
subtended angles, 345
sums to products, 64
superannuation, 253
recursive method for calculating, 257
t-formulae, 327, 59
tan1 x, 10
derivative of, 19
power series for, 31
tangents, 344
and instantaneous rates, 262, 272
and instantaneous velocity, 86
and radii, 370
and secants, 383
direct common, 371
from an external point, 370
indirect common, 371
Thales, 352
three-dimensional trigonometry, 67
tides, 102
time, 80
transversals, 286, 338
trapezium, 310, 313
and its diagonals, 323, 337
tree diagrams, 392
probability tree diagrams, 409
triangles, 292
trigonometric equations, 49
general solutions of, 32
trigonometric functions, 9, 37, 56, 208, 213
trigonometric identities, 37
trigonometric series, 244, 247
union of sets and probability, 400
vectors, 87
and diagonals of a parallelogram, 314
resolution of, 124
velocity
as a denite integral, 95
as a derivative, 86
as a primitive, 93
as a function of displacement, 109
average, 81
instantaneous, 86
resolution of, 124
Venn diagrams and probability, 391, 398
vertically opposite angles, 286
Wallis product, 160, 449
x = a cos(nt + ), graphs of, 103
(x + y)n , expansion of, 179

ISBN: 978-1-107-61604-2
Bill Pender, David Sadler, Julia Shea, Derek Ward 2012
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

Cambridge University Press