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98s hw4

The document contains 8 calculus homework problems involving finding critical points, maxima/minima, and dimensions of shapes. The problems cover topics like finding local extrema of multivariable functions, finding points on a curve closest to the origin, finding dimensions of shapes that fit constraints, and finding maximum/minimum values of functions with constraints.

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61 views8 pages

98s hw4

The document contains 8 calculus homework problems involving finding critical points, maxima/minima, and dimensions of shapes. The problems cover topics like finding local extrema of multivariable functions, finding points on a curve closest to the origin, finding dimensions of shapes that fit constraints, and finding maximum/minimum values of functions with constraints.

Uploaded by

asefaseng2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Homework

Assignment 4
1. Find all the local maxima, local minima, and saddle points of
1
the function f (x, y) = 2
.
x + 2y 2 1
[like 14.7 #27]
Sol. Solve
2x
fx = 2
=0
(x + 2y 2 1)2
4y
=0
fy = 2
(x + 2y 2 1)2
We have that (x, y) = (0, 0), which is the only critical point of
f . Since
fxx =

16xy
4(x2 6y 2 1)
6x2 4y 2 + 2
,
f
=
,
f
=

xy
yy
(x2 + 2y 2 1)3
(x2 + 2y 2 1)3
(x2 + 2y 2 1)3

So fxx (0, 0) = 2 < 0, fxy (0, 0) = 0, fyy (0, 0) = 4 and thus


2
fxx fyy fxy
= 8 > 0 at (0, 0). Therefore f (x, y) has only one
local maximum at (0, 0) with value f (0, 0) = 1.

2. Find all the local maxima, local minima, and saddle points of
the function f (x, y) = x cos y.
[like 14.7 #29]
Sol. Solve
fx = cos y = 0
fy = x sin y = 0

We have that (x, y) = 0, (2k+1)
, k Z, which are all critical
2
points of f . Since
fxx = 0, fxy = sin y, fyy = x cos y
Thus we have fxx fyy fxy 2 = sin2 y, so fxx fyy fxy 2 = 1 < 0


(2k+1)
at each 0, (2k+1)
,
k

Z.
Therefore,
0,
are saddle
2
2
points of f for each k Z.

3. Find all the local maxima, local minima, and saddle points of
the function f (x, y) = 2 2x2 y 2 .
[like 14.7 #44(b)]

Sol. Solve
fx = 4xy 2 = 0
fy = 4x2 y = 0
This shows that all points lying on the x-axis or y-axis are
critical points of f . Since
fxx = 4y 2 , fxy = 8xy, fyy = 4x2
It is clear that the second derivative test fails in this case. Note
that f (x, y) = 2 2x2 y 2 2. Hence f has local maxima 2. 
4. Find the absolute maxima and minima of the function f (x, y) =
2x2 4x + y 2 4y + 1 on the rectangular plate 0 x 2, 0
y 3.
[like 14.7 #31]
Sol. Solve
fx = 4(x 1) = 0
fy = 2(y 2) = 0
we have that (x, y) = (1, 2), which is the only critical point of
f . Since
fxx = 4, fxy = 0, fyy = 2
So fxx fyy fxy 2 = 8 > 0 and fxx > 0, so f has local minimum
at (1, 2) with value f (1, 2) = 5. Denote the given rectangular
region by D, that is,

D = {(x, y) 0 x 2, 0 y 3}
which is shown as following

On OA, f (x, y) = f (0, y) = y 2 4y + 1 on 0 y 3. Then


f 0 (0, y) = 0 y = 2. Since fyy = 2 > 0 and observe that
f (0, 0) = 1, f (0, 2) = 3, f (0, 3) = 2, so f has local minimum at (0, 2) with value 2 and local maximum at (0, 0) with
value 1.
On AB, f (x, y) = f (x, 3) = 2x2 4x 2 on 0 x 2. Then
f 0 (x, 3) = 0 x = 1. Since fxx = 4 > 0 and observe that
f (0, 3) = f (2, 3) = 2, f (1, 3) = 4, so f has local minimum
at (1, 3) with value 4 and local maximum at both (0, 3) and
(2, 3) with value 2.
On BC, f (x, y) = f (2, y) = y 2 4y 1 = f (0, y) so f is local
minimum at (2, 2) with value 3 and local maximum at (2, 0)
with value 1.
On OC, f (x, y) = f (x, 0) = 2x2 4x + 1 on 0 x 2. Then
f 0 (x, 0) = 0 x = 1. Since fxx = 4 > 0 and observe that
f (0, 0) = 1, f (1, 0) = 1, f (2, 0) = 1, so f has local minimum
at (1, 0) with value 1 and local maximum at both (0, 0) and
(2, 0) with value 1.
Therefore, the absolute maximum of f occur at (0, 0) and (2, 0)
with value 1, and the absolute minimum of f occur at (1, 2)
with value 5.

5. Find the points on the curve xy 2 = 2 nearest the origin.
[like 14.8 #5]
Sol. Note that to find the point on xy 2 = 2 nearest the origin is equivalent to find the point which minimize the function
f (x, y) = x2 +y 2 subject to the constraint g(x, y) = xy 2 2 = 0.
Observe that
f = 2xi + 2yj
g = y 2 i + 2xyj
If f = g, then we have following system of equations
2x = y 2
2y = 2xy
If y = 0, then x = 0. But (x, y) = (0, 0) is not on the curve
xy 2 = 2. This implies y 6= 0, and thus 1 = x x = 1 2 =
y 2 y 2 = 22 . Since xy 2 = 2, so
2=

1 2
2
2 = 3 3 = 1 = 1


Hence we have that (x, y 2 )= (1, 2) (x, y) = (1, 2).
Therefore, the points (1, 2) are the points on the curve
xy 2 = 2 nearest the origin.

6. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of greatest area that can
2
2
be inscribed in the ellipse x9 + y16 = 1 with sides parallel to the
coordinate axes.
[like 14.8 #11]
Sol.

This is equivalent to find the point (x, y) with x, y > 0 which


maximize the function A(x, y) = (2x)(2y) = 4xy subject to
2
2
g(x, y) = x9 + y16 1 = 0. Observe that
A = 4yi + 4xj
y
2x
i+ j
g =
9
8
If A = g, we have following system of equations
2
x
9

4x =
y
8
4y =

Thus y = 18
x 4x = 8 18
x x = 0 or = 24 x =
4
y = 0 or y = 3 x. But (0, 0) is not on the ellipse g(x, y) = 0.
Substituting y = 34 x into g(x, y) = 0, that is,
2

43 x
x2
3 2
+
=1x=
y=2 2
9
16
2


Hence the length
of the rectangle is 3 2 and the width of the
rectangle is 4 2.

7. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y, z) = x+2y +
3z on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 30.
[like 14.8 #23]
Sol. Let g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 30. Observe that
f = i + 2j + 3k
g = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
If f = g, we have following system of equations
2x = 1
2y = 2
2z = 3
1
then y =
Thus x = 2
g(x, y, z) = 0, we have

= 2x, z =

3
2

= 3x. Substituting into

x2 + (2x)2 + (3x)2 30 = 14x2 30 = 0 x =

105
7

Thus y = 2 7105 , z = 3 7105 . Since


 105 2105 3105 

f
,
,
= 2 105
7
7
7
Therefore,
the maximum value of f on x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 30 is

2
105 and the minimum value of f on x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 30 is
2 105.

8. Find the dimensions of the closed rectangular box with maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius 3.
[like 14.8 #27]
Sol. This is equivalent to find the point (x, y, z) with x, y, z > 0
which maximize the function V (x, y, z) = (2x)(2y)(2z) = 8xyz
subject to g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 9 = 0. Observe that
V = 8yzi + 8xzj + 8xyk
g = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
If V = g, we have following system of equations
8yz = 2x
8xz = 2y
8xy = 2z

Thus x2 = 4xyz = y 2 y 2 = x2 y = x. Similarly,


z = x. Substituting into g(x, y, z) = 0, we have

x2 + (x)2 + (x)2 9 = 0 x = 3

Thus y =z = 3.Therefore
the dimension of the rectangular
box are 2 3 by 2 3 by 2 3 for maximum volume.


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