DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Distance Polygon
RelDispoly, TypDispoly

DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany
T: +49 7072 9168 0
F: +49 7072 9168 88
http://www.digsilent.de
[email protected]
Version: 2016
Edition: 1

Copyright 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Contents

Contents
1 General Description

2 Features & User interface

2.1 Distance Polygon (RelDispoly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.1 Basic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Distance Polygonal Type(TypDispoly ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2.1 Polygon Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reference block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polygon types

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quadrilateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quadrilateral Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polygonal (+R, +X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

Polygonal (90) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Polygonal (Beta) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

Siemens (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

Quadrilateral Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

ABB(R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

ASEA RAZFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Quad (Beta) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

Quad Offset (Siemens 7SL32) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

EPAC Quadrilateral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

GE Quadrilateral (Z))

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

2.2.2 Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

3 Integration in the relay scheme

3.1 Calculation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Logic

28
29
30

4.1 Single phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

4.1.1 Asea RAZFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Contents

4.1.2 Block logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

4.1.3 Directional logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

4.2 3 phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

4.2.1 ABB (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

4.3 6 phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

4.3.1 ABB (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

4.3.2 Siemens (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

4.3.3 Block logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

4.3.4 Directional logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

4.3.5 Phase/Ground Directional logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37

4.4 Polygonal side calculation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

4.4.1 Non directional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

4.4.2 Directional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

4.5 Polygonal Siemens(R,X) calculation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

A Parameter Definitions

40

A.1 Distance Polygonal Type (TypDispoly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40

A.2 Distance Polygonal Element (RelDispoly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

B Signal Definitions

42

B.1 Single phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

B.1.1 RAZFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

B.2 3 phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43

B.2.1 ABB (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43

B.3 6 phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

B.3.1 ABB (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

B.3.2 Siemens (R,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

List of Figures

47

List of Tables

49

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

General Description

General Description

The Distance Polygonal RelDispoly block implements the typical polygonal and quadrilateral
impedance distance protection . The type of the distance shape can be one of the following:
Generic quadrilateral.
Generic polygonal.
ABB polygonal.
Siemens polygonal.

GE polygonal.
EPAC quadrilateral.
Asea RAZFE.

The Quadrilateral types create in the R-X diagram a distance zone with a shape similar to the
shape represented here below in Figure 1.1:

Figure 1.1: The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral distance shape.

The Polygonal types create in the R-X diagram a distance zone with a shape similar to the
shape represented here below in Figure 1.2:

Figure 1.2: The DIgSILENT Polygon distance shape.

The Distance Polygonal RelDispoly block is operational during short circuit, load flow and
RMS/EMT simulations.
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

Features & User interface

2.1

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly)

The user can change the block settings using the Distance polygon dialog (RelDispoly
class). The dialog consists of 2 tab pages: Basic Data, and Description. The main settings
are located in the Basic Data tab page.

2.1.1

Basic data

The Distance polygon Basic data tab page provides a presentation area where the red text
shows some info regarding:
The international symbols used to represent the block protective function.
The protection zone number implemented by the block.
Which currents are measured by the block.
The type of polygonal/quadrilateral characteristic (i.e. Polygonal (90))
The block can be disabled using the Out of service check box. A directional feature can
be set using the Tripping direction combo box. Please notice that the directional logic relies
on a separate block (Distance Directional DisDir class). The controls are combo boxes for
ranges of discrete values or otherwise edit boxes. The settings representing impedances can
be entered in terms of primary impedance or in terms of secondary impedance. The selected
type of polygonal characteristic (see 2.2.1) defines which settings are available.

2.1.2

Description

The Description tab page can be used to insert some information to identify the Distance Polygonal protective element (both with a generic string and with an unique textual string similar to
the Foreign Key approach used in the relational databases) and to identify the source of the
data used to create it.

2.2

Distance Polygonal Type(TypDispoly )

The Distance Polygon block main characteristics must be configured in the Distance Polygon
Type dialog (TypDispoly class). The dialog contains two tab pages: Polygon Settings, and
Advanced settings.

2.2.1

Polygon Settings

The Polygon Settings tab page contains most of the controls used to configure the Distance
Polygon block. The followings settings can be set:
The block IEC and ANSI symbol (the entered text is displayed in the Distance Polygon
(RelDispoly) dialog).
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

The number of phases (iphases setting ).

The unit type (Phase-Phase, Earth, 3-Phase, Multifunctional. aunit setting).
The number of the protective zone modeled by the Polygonal/Quadrilateral characteristic
(izone setting).
The purpose for which the zone is used (Zone, Starting,Overreach zone, Power Swing,
iusage setting).
A reference block (optional).
The Polygon type (ichatp setting).
Which directional features can be set (Forward, Reverse, None, idirpossetting).
The range and the step of the settings used to represent the quadrilateral/polygonal (see
A.1)).
Please note that the shape (isiemrx) setting has been added to support manufacturer specific
shapes and is displayed only for some Types; when the Siemens (R,X) type is set the following
Shapes are available
R,X
R,X Z-red
R,X, rev. X
when the Quadrilateral (Z) type is set the following Shapes are available
Standard
REL 512
when the ABB (R,X) type is set the following Shapes are available
5xx
316
6xx
6xx series comp line
when the Quad (Beta) type is set the following Shapes are available
Standard
AEG/Alstom

Reference block :
The Distance Polygon (RelDispoly )element has been conceived to work together with other
relay distance elements like other Distance Polygon (RelDispoly )elements and the Distance
Mho (RelDismho) elements: the distance settings can be set to depend upon the settings of a
master distance block specified in the Reference block (prefblock setting) control.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

When the master distance block has been set, the following setttings are displayed:
dR (dR setting)
dX (dX setting)
kR (kR setting)
kX (kX setting)
dZ (dZ setting)
and all other setting are hidden.

Polygon types :
The shape generated by the block can be configured using one of the following Types:
Quadrilateral
Quadrilateral Offset
Polygonal (+R, +X)
Polygonal (90)
Polygonal (Beta)
Siemens (R,X)
Quadrilateral Z
ABB(R,X)
ASEA RAZFE
Quad (Beta)
Quad Offset (Siemens 7SL32)
EPAC Quadrilateral
Quadrilateral Z (2)
The following paragraphs shows the shape associated to each Type. The relationships between
the block settings and the graphical representation of the shape are displayed in the pictures.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

Quadrilateral
It represents a generic quadrilateral shape. The directional block settings are directly applied to
the trip zone shape , the R Resistance (Rmin) variable creates a cut area on the left part of
the diagram. The block must be always directional controlled (forward or reverse).

Figure 2.1: The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral type characteristic

+R Resistance (Rmax), can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
-R Reach (Rmin), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
Relay Angle (phi) and +X Angle (beta) are in degrees.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

Quadrilateral Offset
The Quadrilateral Offset type represents a generic quadrilateral shape. The block is nondirectional.

Figure 2.2: The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral offset type characteristic

+R Reach (Rmax), can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
-R Reach (Rmin), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
-X Reach (Xmin), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Resistance = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Resistance = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
Relay Angle, +X Angle and X Angle are in degrees

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Features & User interface

Polygonal (+R, +X)

It is a simplified version of the Quadrilateral type: the main difference is that the -R resistance (
smarksRmin) variable is missing. The directional block settings are applied to the trip zone
shape. The block must be directional controlled (forward or reverse).

Figure 2.3: The DIgSILENT Polygonal (+R, +X) type characteristic

+R Resistance (Rmax), can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
Relay Angle (
smarksphi) and +X Angle (beta) are in degrees.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

10

Features & User interface

Polygonal (90)
It is a polygonal distance trip zone: an additional side is defined by the Tilt Resistance parameter. The directional block settings are applied to the trip zone shape. The -X Reach parameter
is used if the characteristic is non-directional controlled.

Figure 2.4: The DIgSILENT Polygonal (90) type characteristic

+R Resistance (Rmax), can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
Tilt Resistance (Rtilt), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
Rt Ratio (R/X): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio * (+X Reach)
Rt Ratio (R/+R): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio*(+R Resistance)
Relay Angle: Tilt Resistance = +X Reach / tan()
-R Resistance (Rmin), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Resistance = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Resistance = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
-X Reach (Xmin) is only valid if the External Directional parameter is disabled and can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
X/X Ratio: -X Reach = -X/X Ratio * (+X Resistance)
Relay Angle (phi) is in degree

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

11

Features & User interface

Polygonal (Beta)
It is a custom polygonal distance trip zone, similar to the Polygonal (90) type: also in this case
the Tilt Resistance (Rtilt)parameter is present but the +X angle (beta) parameter allows to
define the angle of the upper right part of the zone. The directional block settings are applied
to the trip zone shape. The -X Reach (Xmin) parameter is used if the characteristic is nondirectional controlled.

Figure 2.5: The DIgSILENT Polygonal (Beta) type characteristic

Relay Angle (phi) and +X Angle (beta) are in degrees.

+R Resistance (Rmax), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
Tilt Resistance (Rtilt), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
Rt Ratio (R/X): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio * (+X Reach)
Rt Ratio (R/+R): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio*(+R Resistance)
Relay Angle: Tilt Resitance = +X Reach / tan()
-R Reach (Rmin), can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
-X Reach (Xmin), only valid if the External Directional parameter is disabled, can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
X/X Ratio: -X Reach = -X/X Ratio * (+X Reach)

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

12

Features & User interface

Siemens (R,X)
It implements the distance trip zone present in the Siemens relays (i.e. 7SAxxx family): it is
basically a Polygonal (+R, +X) zone but the same parameters, when the +R resistance parameter is replaced by the +R resistance (PH-E) parameter, define also the ground trip zone.
When the
smarksSiemens (R, X) type is selected the Unit variable is set automatically equal to Multifunctional; to guarantee a correct behavior of the block this selection must be left as it is. To handle
the first zone (load reduction) or the fifth zone (reverse reactance) of the 7SA522 the following
Shape (isiemrx) are available:
R,X
R,X Z-red (first zone, additional parameter to define the X angle)
R,X rev.X (fifth zone, additional parameter to define the reverse reach)
Relay Angle and +X Angle are in degrees. Tilt Resistance (available only if shape type = R,X,
Z-red.)is equal to (+X Reach) / tan()

Figure 2.6: The DIgSILENT

smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X phase and ground type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

13

Features & User interface

Figure 2.7: The DIgSILENT

smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X Z-red phase and ground type characteristic

Figure 2.8: The DIgSILENT

smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X rev.X phase and ground type characteristic
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

14

Features & User interface

Quadrilateral Z
The Quadrilateral Z type is similar to the Quadrilateral type but the X Reach parameter is
replaced by the Z Reach (
smarksZmax) parameter. The characteristic can be directional controlled (forward or reverse).
To handle the ABB REL 512 shape the following Shape (isiemrx) are available:
Standard
REL 512

Figure 2.9: The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral Z Standard type characteristic

+R Resistance (Rmax) can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
Please notice that (+X Reach)= Z Reach * sin() -R Reach (Rmin) can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
Relay Angle and +X Angle are in degrees.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

15

Features & User interface

Figure 2.10: The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral Z REL 512 type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

16

Features & User interface

ABB(R,X)
It implements the distance trip zone present in the ABB relays (i.e. REL5xx family): the name of
the parameters is exactly the same present in the ABB relay manuals. When the ABB (R, X)
type is selected the Unit variable is set automatically equal to Phase-Phase; please note that
different parameters are available when the Earth unit variable is set. To handle the different
ABB relay models the following Shape (isiemrx parameter) items are available:
5xx
316
6xx
6xx series comp line

Figure 2.11: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 5xx shapephase-phase type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

17

Features & User interface

Figure 2.12: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 5xx shapephase-ground type characteristic

Figure 2.13: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 316 phase-phase shape type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

18

Features & User interface

Figure 2.14: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 316 phase-ground shape type characteristic

Figure 2.15: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 6xx phase-phase shape type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

19

Features & User interface

Figure 2.16: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 6xx phase-ground shape type characteristic

Figure 2.17: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X)

smarks6xx series comp line phase-phase shape type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

20

Features & User interface

Figure 2.18: The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X)

smarks6xx series comp line phase-ground shape type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

21

Features & User interface

ASEA RAZFE
It implements the distance trip zone present in the Asea RAZFE relay. The internal logic to
detect the position of the power system working point models exactly the logic used by the
ASEA RAZFE relay.

Figure 2.19: The DIgSILENT ASEA RAZFE type characteristic

+R Resistance can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
Ratio (+R/+X):+R Resistance = Ratio (+R/+X )*(+X Reach)

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

22

Features & User interface

Quad (Beta)
It represents a quadrilateral shape with a tilt resistance. The directional block settings are
directly applied to the trip zone shape, the R Resistance variable creates a cut area on the left
part of the diagram and the -X Reactance a cut on the bottom part of the diagram.

Figure 2.20: The DIgSILENT Quad (Beta) type characteristic

+R Resistance can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
+R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
Tilt Resistance can be defined in:
a) sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
Rt Ratio (R/X): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio * (+X Reach)
Rt Ratio (R/+R): Tilt Resistance = Rt Ratio*(+R Resistance)
Relay Angle: Tilt Resitance = +X Reach / tan()
-R Reach can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)
-X Reach is valid only if parameter: External Directional is disabled and can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
X/X Ratio: -X Reach = -X/X Ratio * (+X Reach)

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

23

Features & User interface

Quad Offset (Siemens 7SL32)

It models the quadrilateral starting distance zone available in the Siemens 7SL32 distance relays.

Figure 2.21: The DIgSILENT Quad Offset (Siemens 7SL32) type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

24

Features & User interface

EPAC Quadrilateral)
It models the quadrilateral distance zone available in the Alstom EPAC distance relays. The
shape angle is calculated using the R1, X1, R01, and X01 parameter which are part of
the Starting element of the Alstom EPAC relay models. The Starting element is an instance of
theRelFdetalst class; R1, and X1 are part of the Basic Data tab page, R01, and X01 are
part of the Underimpedance tab page .

Figure 2.22: The DIgSILENT EPAC Quadrilateral phase type characteristic

Figure 2.23: The DIgSILENT EPAC Quadrilateral ground type characteristic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

25

Features & User interface

GE Quadrilateral (Z))
Its a variant of the Quadrilateral Z type with some additional parameters. It has been added to
support the GE UR relay family. The additional parameters allow setting independently the right
and left side angle and position and the reverse impedance reach; both the Z reach and the
relay angle in the reverse direction can set with independent variables.The characteristic can be
directional controlled (forward or reverse).

Figure 2.24: The DIgSILENT GE Quadrilateral (Z) phase type characteristic

+R Resistance can be defined in:

sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm)
R/X Ratio:+R Resistance = R/X Ratio*(+X Reach)
The Z Reach is equal to ZReach sin() -R Reach can be defined in:
sec. Ohm (secondary Ohm) as positive value
R Ratio (-R/X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+X Reach)
R Ratio (-R/R): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (+R Resistance)
R Ratio (-R/-X): -R Reach = -R Ratio * (-X Reach)

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

26

Features & User interface

Figure 2.25: The DIgSILENT GE Quadrilateral (Z) ground type characteristic

2.2.2

Advanced Settings

The Advanced Settings tab page contains the settings which define the trip Pickup Time, the
trip Reset Time and the Reset Ratio. The Reset Ratio setting (kr variable) is a multiplier which
is used to define an impedance reset zone larger than the impedance trip zone. It is defined to
avoid any toggle effect for impedance values close to the trip zone boundary.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

27

Integration in the relay scheme

Integration in the relay scheme

The Distance PolygonRelDispoly type class name is TypDispoly . The Distance Polygon dialog
class name is RelDispoly. As already shown, there are two main versions of the block: a single
phase and a three phase version. The number and the name of the input signals depends upon
which of these versions is used and up on the selected Type (ichatp variable). The typical
connection of a 3 phase Distance Polygon (RelDispolyclass) block is showed in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: The DIgSILENT PowerFactory typical connection scheme of a 3 phase Distance
PolygonRelDispoly block.

The Z1P block models the first trip zone so usually no delay is present but, in this relay model,
a delay can be set for the first zone; for this reason the model includes the Z1PD block which
simulates the timer associated to the first zone. The ZP2 block models the 2nd zone and the
delay is implemented by the Z2PD timer block. Identical scheme is used for the 3rd and the
4th zone blocks.
In an alternative configuration the trip of the polygonal block can be delayed connecting the
wtimer input of the polygonal block to the output of a timer block.
The PolygonRelDispoly element has been concieved to work together with the following elements:
Starting element (RelFdetect or RelFdetsie, or RelFdetabb, or RelFdetaegalst, or
RelFdetalst class).
Polarizing element (RelZpol class).
Directional element (RelDisdir class).
Load encroachment element(RelDisloadenc class).
Power swing detection element (RelDispspoly class).
Reclosing element (RelRecl class).
The polygon blocks represented in Figure 3.1 are getting the input signals from the Polarizing
block (not shown in the picture), from the fault detector block (Starting block), from the directional block (Dir-Z ) and the power swing detection block (Power Swing) : the Operating
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

28

Integration in the relay scheme

Currents(Iopr and Iopi) and Voltages(Uopr and Uopi) are coming from the Polarizing block. The
supervising signals (wsup and wloop) which enable the block to trip are provided by the fault
detector block. The directional signals (fwdphph,
smarksrevphph,
smarksfwdgnd, and
smarksrevgnd) are provided by the directional block. The power swing block block inhibits the
polygon block trip if a power swing condition has been detected setting the iblock input signal
of the polygon block.
To control a PolygonRelDispoly block with a reclosing element (RelRecl object) the iblock
input signal must be connected with an output signal of the reclosing element (yblock Tocx with
1 <= x <= 5 or yblock Logick with 1 <= k <= 16) . Please read theRelRecl documentation
for more details about the way to program a reclosing sequence.
If a reclosing element is not present the iblock signal (in the 3 phase version also iblock A,
iblock B and iblock C to act on each phase) can be used by any other element to block the
starting of the Distance polygon(RelDispoly class) element.

3.1

Calculation method

From a calculation point of view two families of polygonal/quadrilateral elements can be characterized:
The Siemens (R,X) type
Any other type
When the Siemens (R,X ) type is set (ichatp setting) the block gets directly in the input signals
the impedance values (see B.3.2). When any other type is set the block gets the operating
current and the operating voltage value vectors.
For this reason the calculations performed by these two families of polygonal/quadrilateral elements to check if the power system working point is inside or is outside of the shape are made
using different principles:
the Siemens (R,X ) type block checks merely in a graphic way (even-odd algorithm) that
the impedance point is inside the polygon.
Any other type block uses a vectorial approach: for each polygon (or quadrilateral) vertex
a vector is generated; the angle between such vector multiplied by the operating current
vector and the operating voltage vector must be smaller than 90 to declare the working
point as internal to the shape.

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

29

Logic

4
4.1

Logic
Single phase

Figure 4.1: The DIgSILENT Single phase Polygonal logic

4.1.1

Asea RAZFE

Figure 4.2: The DIgSILENT Single phase Asea RAZFE Polygonal logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

30

Logic

4.1.2

Block logic

Figure 4.3: The DIgSILENT Polygonal Block logic

4.1.3

Directional logic

Figure 4.4: The DIgSILENT Single phase Polygonal Directional logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

31

Logic

4.2

3 phase

Figure 4.5: The DIgSILENT 3 phase Polygonal logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

32

Logic

4.2.1

ABB (R,X)

Figure 4.6: The DIgSILENT 3 phase ABB(R,X) logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

33

Logic

4.3
4.3.1

6 phase
ABB (R,X)

Figure 4.7: The DIgSILENT 6 phase ABB (R,X) logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

34

Logic

4.3.2

Siemens (R,X)

Figure 4.8: The DIgSILENT 6 phase Siemens (R,X) logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

35

Logic

4.3.3

Block logic

Figure 4.9: The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Polygonal Block logic

4.3.4

Directional logic

Figure 4.10: The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Polygonal Directional logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

36

Logic

4.3.5

Phase/Ground Directional logic

Figure 4.11: The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Phase/Ground Polygonal Directional logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

37

Logic

4.4

Polygonal side calculation logic

When the impedance values are not provided but the operating current and the operating voltage values are available instead the calculation logic is based on a vectorial approach which is
different if the block is directional or not.

4.4.1

Non directional

Figure 4.12: The DIgSILENT Non directional polygon side calculation logic (i.e. Quadrilateral
offset type)

4.4.2

Directional)

Figure 4.13: The DIgSILENT Directional polygon side calculation logic (i.e. Quadrilateral type)
Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

38

Logic

4.5

Polygonal Siemens(R,X) calculation logic

When this polygonal type is selected the block get directly as input signal the impedance values
of the power system working point. To detect if the point is inside or outside the shape the
generic even-odd algorithm is used.
A general enunciation of the algorithm can be the rule determines the insideness of a point on
the canvas by drawing a ray from that point to infinity in any direction and counting the number
of path segments from the given shape that the ray crosses. If this number is odd, the point
is inside; if even, the point is outside. Considering that our polygon is a simple polygon, the
DIgSILENT PowerFactory implementation of the ray casting algorithm consecutively checks intersections of a ray with all sides of the polygon in turn.
More info about such algorithm can be found on Internet
(i.e. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point in polygon).

Figure 4.14: The DIgSILENT Polygonal Siemens(R,X) calculation logic

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

39

Parameter Definitions

A
A.1

Parameter Definitions
Distance Polygonal Type (TypDispoly)
Table A.1: Input parameters of Distance Polygonal type (TypDispoly )

Parameter
loc name
sfiec
sfansi
iphases
aunit
izone
iusage
prefblock
ichatp
iextdir
isiemrx
idirpos
hsalgconf
rXmax
rX1PP
rX1RvPP
rX1PE
rX1RvPE
rZmax
rZmaxrev
rRmax
iRmax
rREmax
rkrmax
rXmin
iXmin
rkxmin
rRFPP
rRFRvPP
rRFPE
rRFRvPE
rR1PP
rR1PE
rRmin
iRmin
rkrmin
rX0PE
rX0RvPE
rR0PE
rk0
rphik0
rtilt
iRtilt
rkrtilt
rphi
rphi2
ralpha
rbeta
rgamma
rgamma2
rdR
rdX
rkR
rkX
rdZ
iz1loadcomp

Description
The name assigned by the user to the Polygonal type object
IEC symbol label displayed as info in the RelDispoly dialog
ANSI symbol label displayed as info in the RelDispoly dialog
The number of phases
The type of trip block(it can be Earth, Phase-Phase, 3-Phase, Multifunctional)
The number of the zone associated to the polygonal characteristic
The usage of the polygonal characteristic (it can be 0 = Starting zone or 1
= Zone)
Reference block pointer
The type of polygonal block(Quadilateral,Quadrilateral ofset,Polygonal
(+R,+X) etc)
External Directional flag
Shape selector (available only when ichatp is Siemens (R,X), Quadrilateral
Z, and ABB (R,X)
Available direction options (None, None, Forward, None, Forward,
Reverse etc)
High speed algorithm (available only when ichatp is ABB (R,X))
Range of +X Reach
Range of X1PP
Range of X1RvPP
Range of X1PE
Range of X1RvPE
Range of Z reach
Range of -Z reach (available only when ichatp is GE Quadrilateral
Range of +R Reach
Unit used by Rmax (sec.Ohm, Ratio (+R/+X))
Range of +R (PH-E) Reach
Range of R/X Ratio
Range of -X Reach
Unit used by Xmin (sec. Ohm, Ratio X/X)
Range of -X/X Ratio
Range of RFPP
Range of RFRvPP
Range of RFPE
Range of RFRvPE
Range of R1PP
Range of R1PE
Range of -R Reach
Unit used by Rmin (sec.Ohm, Ratio (-R/X), Ratio (-R/R), Ratio (-R/-X))
Range of -R Ratio
Range of X0PE
Range of X0RvPE
Range of R0PE
Range of k0
Range of phik0
Range of Tilt Resistance
Unit used by Rtilt (sec.Ohm, Ratio (R/X), Ratio (R/+R))
Range of Rtilt Ratio
Range of Relay Angle
Range of -Relay Angle (available only when ichatp isGE Quadrilateral (Z)
Range of -X Angle
Range of +X Angle
Range of +R Angle (available only when ichatp isGE Quadrilateral (Z)
Range of -R Angle (available only when ichatp isGE Quadrilateral (Z)
Range of dR
Range of dX
Range of kR
Range of kX
Range of dZ
Flag to enable the load compensation (ABB (R,X) type, 5xx shape only)

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Text
Integer
Integer
Pointer
Integer
Y/N
Integer
Integer
Integer
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Integer

40

Parameter Definitions

Table A.1: Input parameters of Distance Polygonal type (TypDispoly )

Parameter
rnonhomogang
Ts
Tr
Kr

A.2

Description
Range of the non homogeneous angle (available only when ichatp isGE
Quadrilateral (Z))
Pickup Time
Reset Time
Reset Ratio

Unit
Text
Seconds
Seconds
Real

Distance Polygonal Element (RelDispoly)

Table A.2: Input parameters of Distance Polygonal element (RelDispoly))

Parameter
loc name
typ id
idir
outserv
Xmax
cpXmax
Zmax
cpZmax
Zmaxrev
cpZmaxrev
X1PP
cpX1PP
X1RvPP
cpX1RvPP
X1PE
cpX1PE
X1RvPE
cpX1RvPE
Rmax
cpRmax

Description
The name assigned by the user to the polygonal object
Pointer to the relevant TypDispoly object
Tripping Direction(it can be Forward = 0 or Reverse = 1 or
None = 2)
Flag to put Out of service the element
+X Reach
+X Reach
Z reach
Z reach
Z reach (reverse direction)
Z reach (reverse direction)
X1PP
X1PP
X1RvPP (reverse direction)
X1RvPP (reverse direction)
X1PE
X1PE
X1RvPE (reverse direction)
X1RvPE (reverse direction)
+R Reach
+R Reach

Krmax
Xmin
cpXmin

R/X Ratio
-X Reach
-X Reach

Kxmin
RFPP
cpRFPP
RFRvPP
cpRFRvPP
RFPE
cpRFPE
RFRvPE
cpRFRvPE
R1PP
cpR1PP
R1PE
cpR1PE
Rmin
cpRmin

-X/X Ratio
RFPP
RFPP
RFRvPP (reverse direction)
RFRvPP (reverse direction)
RFPE
RFPE
RFRvPE (reverse direction)
RFRvPE (reverse direction)
R1PP
R1PP
R1PE
R1PE
-R Reach
-R Reach

Krmin
X0PE
cpX0PE
X0RvPE
cpX0RvPE
R0PE
cpR0PE
Rtilt
cpRtilt

R Ratio
X0PE
X0PE
X0RvPE (reverse direction)
X0RvPE (reverse direction)
R0PE
R0PE
Tilt Resistance
Tilt Resistance

Krtilt
Phi

Rtilt Ratio
Relay Angle

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Text
Pointer
Integer
Integer
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm / Real number
Primary Ohm / Real number
Real number
Sec. Ohm / Real number
Primary Ohm / Real number
Real number
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm / Real number
Primary Ohm / Real number
Real number
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm / Real number
Primary Ohm / Real number
Real number
Real number

41

Signal Definitions

Table A.2: Input parameters of Distance Polygonal element (RelDispoly))

Parameter
Phi2
Alpha
Beta
gamma
gamma2
nonhomogang
dR
cpdR
dX
cpdX
kR
kX
dZ
cpdZ

Description
Relay Angle in the reverse direction
-X Angle
+X Angle
+R Angle (available only when ichatp isGE Quadrilateral (Z)
-R Angle (available only when ichatp isGE Quadrilateral (Z)
Non homogeneous angle (ABB (R,X) 6xx series comp lines
shape, ph-ground)
dR (resistance addictive factor)
dR (resistance addictive factor)
dX (reactance addictive factor)
dX (reactance addictive factor)
kR (resistance multiplicative factor)
kX (reactance multiplicative factor)
dZ (impedance addictive factor)
dZ (impedance addictive factor)

Unit
Real number
Real number
Real number
Real number
Real number
Real number
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm
Real number
Real number
Sec. Ohm
Primary Ohm

Signal Definitions

B.1

Single phase

Table B.1: Input/output signals of the single phase Distance Impedance element (CalDispoly1p)
Name
Iopr
Iopi
Uopr
Uopi
fwd
rev
wsup
wsupadd
wtimer
wldblock
wpsblock
iblock
yout

B.1.1

Description
Phase operating current real part
Phase operating current imaginary part
Operating voltage real part
Operating voltage imaginary part
Directional forward signal
Directional reverse signal
Supervising Signal
Supervising additional signal (free signal)
Timer Signal(used to add an additional
delay to the trip time)
Block signal coming from the Load encroachment element
Block signal coming from the Power
Swing element
Blocking signal
Tripping signal/time

Unit
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec V
Sec V
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN

Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN

Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN
OUT

Any
Any

RAZFE

Table B.2: Input/output signals of the single phase RAZFE Distance Impedance element (CalDispoly1p)
Name
Iopr
Iopi
Igopr
Igopi
Uopr
Uopi
Upolr
Upoli
fwd
rev
wsup
wsupadd
wearthfault

Description
Phase operating current real part
Phase operating current imaginary part
Ground operating current real part
Ground operating current imaginary part
Operating voltage real part
Operating voltage imaginary part
Polarizing voltage real part
Polarizing voltage imaginary part
Directional forward signal
Directional reverse signal
Supervising Signal
Supervising additional signal (free signal)
Ground fault flag input signal

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

42

Signal Definitions

Table B.2: Input/output signals of the single phase RAZFE Distance Impedance element (CalDispoly1p)
Name
wtimer

Description
Timer Signal(used to add an additional
delay to the trip time)
Blocking signal
Tripping signal/time

iblock
yout

B.2

Unit
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Type
IN

Model
Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN
OUT

Any
Any

3 phase
Table B.3: Input/output signals of 3 phase Distance Polygonal element (CalDispoly )

Name
Iopr A
Iopi A
Iopr B
Iopi B
Iopr C
Iopi C
Uopr A
Uopi A
Uopr B
Uopi B
Uopr C
Uopi C
wsup A
wsup B
wsup C
wsupadd
wtimer
wearth
wfwd A
wfwd B
wfwd C
wrev A
wrev B
wrev C
iblock
wldblock
wpsblock
yallout
yout
yA
yB
yC

B.2.1

Description
Operating current phase A real part
Operating current phase A imaginary part
Operating current phase B real part
Operating current phase B imaginary part
Operating current phase C real part
Operating current phase C imaginary part
Operating voltage phase A real part
Operating voltage phase A imaginary part
Operating voltage phase B real part
Operating voltage phase B imaginary part
Operating voltage phase C real part
Operating voltage phase C imaginary part
Phase A supervising Signal
Phase B supervising Signal
Phase C supervising Signal
Supervising additional signal (free signal)
External timer input signal
Ground fault flag input signal
Phase A forward current signal
Phase B forward current signal
Phase C forward current signal
Phase A reverse current signal
Phase B reverse current signal
Phase C reverse current signal
Blocking signal
Block signal coming from the Load encroachment element
Block signal coming from the Power
Swing element
3 ph tripping signal/time
Tripping signal/time
Phase A tripping signal/time
Phase B tripping signal/time
Phase C tripping signal/time

Unit
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds (or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN

Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT

Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

ABB (R,X)

Table B.4: Input/output signals of the 3 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx)
Name
wIr A
wIi A
wIr B
wIi B
wIr C
wIi C
wI0x3r
wI0x3i
wUr A
wUi A

Description
Operating current phase A real part
Operating current phase A imaginary part
Operating current phase B real part
Operating current phase B imaginary part
Operating current phase C real part
Operating current phase C imaginary part
Operating ground current real part
Operating ground current imaginary part
Operating voltage phase A real part
Operating voltage phase A imaginary part

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec V
Sec V

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

43

Signal Definitions

Table B.4: Input/output signals of the 3 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx)
Name
wUr B
wUi B
wUr C
wUi C
wloop
wsup
wtimer
fwdgnd
revgnd
fwdphph
revphph
iblock
wldblock
wpsblock
yallout
yout
yA
yB
yC
hs out

B.3

Description
Operating voltage phase B real part
Operating voltage phase B imaginary part
Operating voltage phase C real part
Operating voltage phase C imaginary part
Id containing the code of the faulted loop
Supervising signal
External timer input signal
Directional ground forward signal
Directional ground reverse signal
Directional phase forward signal
Directional phase reverse signal
Blocking signal
Block signal coming from the Load encroachment element
Block signal coming from the Power
Swing element
3 ph tripping signal/time
Tripping signal/time
Phase A tripping signal/time
Phase B tripping signal/time
Phase C tripping signal/time
High speed tripping signal/time

Unit
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Sec V
Integer
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

IN

Any

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)
Seconds( or 1/0 RMS/EMT simulation)

OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT

Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

6 phase

B.3.1

ABB (R,X)

Table B.5: Input/output signals of the 6 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx6p)
Name
wIlr A
wIli A
wIlr B
wIli B
wIlr C
wIli C
wIr A
wIi A
wIr B
wIi B
wIr C
wIi C
wI0x3r
wI0x3i
wUlr A
wUli A
wUlr B
wUli B
wUlr C
wUli C
wUr A

Description
Ph-ph operating current phase A real part
Ph-ph operating current phase A imaginary
part
Ph-ph operating current phase B real part
Ph-ph operating current phase B imaginary
part
Ph-ph operating current phase C real part
Ph-ph operating current phase C imaginary
part
Phase-grnd operating current phase A real
part
Phase-grnd operating current phase A imaginary part
Phase-grnd operating current phase B real
part
Phase-grnd operating current phase B imaginary part
Phase-grnd operating current phase C real
part
Phase-grnd operating current phase C imaginary part
Operating ground current real part
Operating ground current imaginary part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase A real part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase A imaginary
part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase B real part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase B imaginary
part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase C real part
Ph-ph operating voltage phase C imaginary
part
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase A real
part

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Sec Amps
Sec Amps

Type
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any

Sec Amps
Sec Amps

IN
IN

Any
Any

Sec Amps
Sec Amps

IN
IN

Any
Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps

IN

Any

Sec Amps
Sec Amps
Sec V
Sec V

IN
IN
IN
IN

Any
Any
Any
Any

Sec V
Sec V

IN
IN

Any
Any

Sec V
Sec V

IN
IN

Any
Any

Sec V

IN

Any

44

Signal Definitions

Table B.5: Input/output signals of the 6 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx6p)
Name
wUi A

wloop
wsup

Description
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase A imaginary part
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase B real
part
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase B imaginary part
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase C real
part
Phase-grnd operating voltage phase C imaginary part
Id containing the code of the faulted loop
Supervising signal

fwdgnd

Directional ground forward signal

revgnd

Directional ground reverse signal

fwdphph

Directional phase forward signal

revphph

Directional phase reverse signal

wtimer

iblock

Timer Signal (used to add an additional delay

to the trip time)
Block signal coming from the Load encroachment element
Block signal coming from the Power Swing element
Blocking signal

yout

Tripping signal/time

yA

Phase A tripping signal/time

yB

Phase B tripping signal/time

yC

Phase C tripping signal/time

y AB

Loop AB tripping signal/time

y BC

Loop BC tripping signal/time

y CA

Loop CA tripping signal/time

hs out

High speed tripping signal/time

yloop

Faulted loop ID

wUr B
wUi B
wUr C
wUi C

wldblock
wpsblock

B.3.2

Unit
Sec V

Type
IN

Model
Any

Sec V

IN

Any

Sec V

IN

Any

Sec V

IN

Any

Sec V

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN
IN

Any
Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

OUT

Any

Integer
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Integer

Siemens (R,X)

Table B.6: Input/output signals of 6 phase Siemens Distance Polygonal element (CalDissierx)
Name
RA
RB
RC
XA
XB
XC
Rl A
Rl B
Rl C
Xl A
Xl B
Xl C

Description
Resistance loop AE
Resistance loop BE
Resistance loop CE
Reactance loop AE
Reactance loop BE
Reactance loop CE
Resistance loop AB
Resistance loop BC
Resistance loop CA
Reactance loop AB
Reactance loop BC
Reactance loop CA

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms
Sec Ohms

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

45

Signal Definitions

Table B.6: Input/output signals of 6 phase Siemens Distance Polygonal element (CalDissierx)
Name
fwdgnd

Description
Directional ground forward signal

revgnd

Directional ground reverse signal

fwdphph

Directional phase forward signal

revphph

Directional phase reverse signal

wsup

Supervising signal

wloop
wtimer

iblock

Id containing the code of the faulted loop

Timer Signal (used to add an additional delay to
the trip time)
Time delay (used to get the external timer time
delay)
Block signal coming from the Load encroachment element
Block signal coming from the Power Swing element
Blocking signal

yout

Tripping signal/time

yA

Phase A tripping signal/time

yB

Phase B tripping signal/time

yC

Phase C tripping signal/time

ys

Start signal (without directional check)

ysdir

Start signal (with directional check)

Tdelay
wldblock
wpsblock

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

Unit
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Integer
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)
Seconds(
tion)

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

Type
IN

Model
Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN
IN

Any
Any

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

IN

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

or 1/0 RMS/EMT simula-

OUT

Any

46

List of Figures

List of Figures
1.1 The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral distance shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 The DIgSILENT Polygon distance shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral offset type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3 The DIgSILENT Polygonal (+R, +X) type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

2.4 The DIgSILENT Polygonal (90) type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

2.5 The DIgSILENT Polygonal (Beta) type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

2.6 The DIgSILENT smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X phase and ground type characteristic 13
2.7 The DIgSILENT smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X Z-red phase and ground type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

2.8 The DIgSILENT smarksSiemens (R,X) R,X rev.X phase and ground type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

2.9 The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral Z Standard type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . .

15

2.10 The DIgSILENT Quadrilateral Z REL 512 type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . .

16

2.11 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 5xx shapephase-phase type characteristic . . . .

17

2.12 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 5xx shapephase-ground type characteristic . . . .

18

2.13 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 316 phase-phase shape type characteristic . . . .

18

2.14 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 316 phase-ground shape type characteristic . . .

19

2.15 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 6xx phase-phase shape type characteristic . . . .

19

2.16 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) 6xx phase-ground shape type characteristic . . .

20

2.17 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) smarks6xx series comp line phase-phase shape
type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

2.18 The DIgSILENT ABB (R,X) smarks6xx series comp line phase-ground shape
type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

2.19 The DIgSILENT ASEA RAZFE type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

2.20 The DIgSILENT Quad (Beta) type characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

2.21 The DIgSILENT Quad Offset (Siemens 7SL32) type characteristic . . . . . . .

24

2.22 The DIgSILENT EPAC Quadrilateral phase type characteristic . . . . . . . . . .

25

2.23 The DIgSILENT EPAC Quadrilateral ground type characteristic . . . . . . . . .

25

2.24 The DIgSILENT GE Quadrilateral (Z) phase type characteristic . . . . . . . . .

26

2.25 The DIgSILENT GE Quadrilateral (Z) ground type characteristic . . . . . . . . .

27

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

47

List of Figures

3.1 The DIgSILENT PowerFactory typical connection scheme of a 3 phase Distance

PolygonRelDispoly block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

4.1 The DIgSILENT Single phase Polygonal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

4.2 The DIgSILENT Single phase Asea RAZFE Polygonal logic . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

4.3 The DIgSILENT Polygonal Block logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

4.4 The DIgSILENT Single phase Polygonal Directional logic . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

4.5 The DIgSILENT 3 phase Polygonal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

4.6 The DIgSILENT 3 phase ABB(R,X) logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

4.7 The DIgSILENT 6 phase ABB (R,X) logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

4.8 The DIgSILENT 6 phase Siemens (R,X) logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

4.9 The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Polygonal Block logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

4.10 The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Polygonal Directional logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

4.11 The DIgSILENT 3/6 phase Phase/Ground Polygonal Directional logic . . . . . . .

37

4.12 The DIgSILENT Non directional polygon side calculation logic (i.e. Quadrilateral
offset type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

4.13 The DIgSILENT Directional polygon side calculation logic (i.e. Quadrilateral type)

38

4.14 The DIgSILENT Polygonal Siemens(R,X) calculation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

48

List of Tables

List of Tables
A.1 Input parameters of Distance Polygonal type (TypDispoly ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40

A.1 Input parameters of Distance Polygonal type (TypDispoly ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

A.2 Input parameters of Distance Polygonal element (RelDispoly )) . . . . . . . . . .

41

A.2 Input parameters of Distance Polygonal element (RelDispoly )) . . . . . . . . . .

42

B.1 Input/output signals of the single phase Distance Impedance element (CalDispoly1p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

B.2 Input/output signals of the single phase RAZFE Distance Impedance element
(CalDispoly1p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

B.2 Input/output signals of the single phase RAZFE Distance Impedance element
(CalDispoly1p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43

B.3 Input/output signals of 3 phase Distance Polygonal element (CalDispoly ) . . . .

43

B.4 Input/output signals of the 3 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx) 43
B.4 Input/output signals of the 3 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx) 44
B.5 Input/output signals of the 6 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx6p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

B.5 Input/output signals of the 6 phase ABB Distance Polygonal element (CalDisabbrx6p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

B.6 Input/output signals of 6 phase Siemens Distance Polygonal element (CalDissierx) 45

B.6 Input/output signals of 6 phase Siemens Distance Polygonal element (CalDissierx) 46

Distance Polygon (RelDispoly, TypDispoly)

49