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Common Base Transistor

The document describes an investigatory project on the common-base configuration of a transistor. The student aims to observe and plot the input, output, and transfer characteristics of a transistor connected in common-base configuration and determine its current gain. The circuit diagram and procedures are provided. Tables show the student's observations and readings for the input, output, and transfer characteristics. The graphs of the characteristics are shown. The current and voltage gains are calculated from the results. Sources of error and references consulted are also listed.

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Anurag Gotwal
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1K views

Common Base Transistor

The document describes an investigatory project on the common-base configuration of a transistor. The student aims to observe and plot the input, output, and transfer characteristics of a transistor connected in common-base configuration and determine its current gain. The circuit diagram and procedures are provided. Tables show the student's observations and readings for the input, output, and transfer characteristics. The graphs of the characteristics are shown. The current and voltage gains are calculated from the results. Sources of error and references consulted are also listed.

Uploaded by

Anurag Gotwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSISTOR COMMON-BASE CONFIGURATION

PHYSI
CS

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Name: ANURAG
Class: XII B
Roll:
School: NAVY CHILDREN
SCHOOL
Session: 2016-17

INDEX
S.
No.

Title

Acknowledgement

Introduction
Experiment

54

-Aim
-Materials required
-Observation
-Result

Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to Rajesh Sir as well as our
principal Mrs. Malika Subramanium who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic of
Semiconductors, which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and i came to know
about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
I would like to thank Ram sir and Sanchita
mam for providing enormous help.
Secondly i would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the given time
period

A transistor is a three terminal active device. The


terminals are emitter, base, collector. In CB
configuration, the base is common to both input
(emitter) and output (collector). For normal
operation, the E-B junction is forward biased and
C-B junction is reverse biased.
In CB configuration, IE is +ve, IC is ve and
IB is ve.
With an increasing the reverse collector voltage,
the space-charge width at the output junction
increases and the effective base width W
decreases. This phenomenon is known as Early
effect. Then, there will be less chance for
recombination within the base region. With
increase of charge gradient within the base
region, the current of minority carriers injected
across the emitter junction increases. The current
amplification factor of CB configuration is given
by,
= IC/ IE

AIM:

1. To observe and draw the input and output


characteristics of a transistor connected in
common base configuration.
2. To find current gain () of the given
transistor.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. A pnp Transistor
2.Regulated power supply (0-30V, 1A) and a 3V battery
3.Voltmeter (0-30V)
4.Ammeters (0-50mA)
5. 2 high resistance rheostats
6.Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE:
Input Characteristics:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit
diagram.
2. For plotting the input characteristics, the
output voltage VCE is kept constant at 0V and for
different values of VEB note down the values of IE.
3. Repeat the above step keeping V CB at 2V, 4V,
and 6V. All the readings are tabulated.
4. A graph is drawn between VEB and IE for
constant VCB.
Output Characteristics:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. For plotting the output characteristics, the input


IE is kept constant at 10mA and for different
values of VCB, note down the values of IC.
3. Repeat the above step for the values of IE at
20mA, 40mA, and 60mA, all the readings are
tabulated.
4. A graph is drawn between VCB and Ic for
constant IE

OBSERVATIONS:
1. Least count of voltmeter Vi = 0.1V
2.Range of voltmeter Vi= 0-5 volts
3.Zero error of voltmeter Vi= No error
4.Least count of voltmeter V0 = 0.1V
5. Range of voltmeter V0=0 to 5V
6.Zero error of voltmeter V0= No error
7. Range of milli-ammeter= 0-50mA
8.Zero error of milli-ammeter= No error

Table for input characteristics


Sl.

Base-emitter
voltage VEB(V)

Emitter current IE (mA) for


VCB= 0V

VCB= -2V

VCB= -4V

2.5

3.0

4.2

4.6

4.8

20

21

26

4.9

38

48

Out of range

No
.

Table for output characteristics


Sl.

Base-collector Collector current IC (mA) for


voltage VCB(V)
No
IE=5mA
IE=10mA
.

IE=20mA

4.5

9.0

19.0

5.0

9.0

19.5

5.0

9.0

19.5

5.5

9.5

19.5

5.5

9.5

19.5

5.5

9.5

19.5

5.5

9.5

19.5

5.5

9.5

19.5

Table for transfer characteristics


Sl.

Emitter current IE Collector current IC (mA) for


(mA)
No
VCB= 0V
VCB= -2V
VCB= -4V
.
1

10

10

10

10

RESULT
1. The input, output and transfer characteristics
are shown in the adjoining graphs.
2.The current gain, =
3.The voltage gain, Av =

PRECAUTIONS
1. The supply voltages should not exceed the
rating of the transistor.
2.Meters should be connected properly
according to their polarities.

SOURCES OF ERROR

The transistor may be faulty.


Connections may be loose
The circuit may be wrong
Ammeter and Voltmeter may have some fault

BIBILOGRPAHY

Various books and websites were referred while


making this project:
1) Physics Textbook for class XII, Part-I, NCERT
2) Physics Laboratory Manual for class XII,
NCERT
3) Wikipedia.org
4) ConnectUEdu
5) Youtube.com

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