World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015
A New Microstrip Diplexer Using Coupled Stepped
Impedance Resonators
A.Chinig, J. Zbitou, A. Errkik, L. Elabdellaoui, A. Tajmouati, A. Tribak, M. Latrach
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000297
AbstractThis paper presents a new structure of microstrip band
pass filter (BPF) based on coupled stepped impedance resonators.
Each filter consists of two coupled stepped impedance resonators
connected to microstrip feed lines. The coupled junction is utilized to
connect the two BPFs to the antenna. This two band pass filters are
designed and simulated to operate for the digital communication
system (DCS) and Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands at
1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz respectively. The proposed circuit presents
good performances with an insertion loss lower than 2.3 dB and
isolation between the two channels greater than 21 dB. The prototype
of the optimized diplexer have been investigated numerically by
using ADS Agilent and verified with CST microwave software.
KeywordsBand Pass Filter, coupled junction, coupled stepped
impedance resonators, diplexer, insertion loss, isolation.
resonators sections [6]. Diplexer based on stepped impedance
resonators remains the most useful because this kind of
resonators offers the possibility to reduce the circuit size and
to control the spurious response and the insertion losses.
Based on the studies done in [6]-[16], this paper presents a
new structure of micrsotrip band-pass filters based on coupled
stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) used to design a new
structure of micrsotrip diplexer. This paper provides a simple
method to achieve a compact microstrip diplexer with good
performances. By choosing an appropriate impedance ration,
length ratio and an optimal coupling spacing between the two
coupled SIRs used to design each filter and the feed lines a
good frequency response can be achieved. The simulations in
this work were performed using ADS Agilent and CST
microwave software.
I. INTRODUCTION
AND-PASS filters and diplexers with compact size and
light weight are very suitable to implement the wireless
communications systems, Radar systems, cellular phones or
satellite communications systems. Planar BPFs and diplexers
fabricated using printed circuit technologies are particularly
popular structures because they are suitable to operate in many
applications due to their compact size, low cost and high
performance.
It would seem that diplexer which can route the signal from
the transmitter to the antenna and from the antenna to the
receiver [1] represents a key component in many modern
communication systems which require simultaneous reception
and transmission. Diplexers can be designed for different
frequencies to operate in multi-service and multi-band mobile
communication systems. The frequencies 1.8 GHz and 2.45
GHz are used with the digital communication system (DCS)
band and the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band.
So, diplexers designed for the DCS/ISM bands are in demand
to meet the IEEE standards.
Recently, the fast growth of the wireless communication
technologies simulates the development of various methods
and technologies to design microwave diplexers. Different
techniques to design a microwave diplexer have been reported
in the literature, such as diplexers based on coupled foldedline resonators [2], open-circuited stubs [3], square ring
resonators [4], Parallel coupled lines [5] or common
A. Chinig, A. Errkik A. Tajmouati and L. Abdellaoui are with LITEN
Laboratory, FST of Settat Hassan 1st UniversityMorocco. (e-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected]).
J. Zbitou is with LITEN Laboratory, FST/FPK Hassan 1st University-Settat
Morocco. (e-mail:
[email protected]).
A. Tribak is with Microwave group, INPT, Rabat Morocoo.
M. Latrach is with Microwave group, ESEO, Angers France.
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(1) 2015
II. DESIGN OF COMPACT DIPLEXER
Fig. 1 Structure of the stepped impedance resonator (SIR)
Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of stepped impedance
resonator with Z1 and Z2 being the characteristic impedances
of the transmission line sections of electrical lengths 1 and
2, respectively.
The impedance ratio K is defined as:
K
Z2
Z1
(1)
and the input admittance Yin is given as [7]:
Yin jY2
2( K tan 1 tan 2 )( K tan 1 tan 2 )
K (1 tan 2 1 )(1 tan 2 2 ) 2(1 K 2 ) tan 1 tan 2
(2)
The condition required for the resonance to occur is when
Yin= 0.
The resonance conditions are given by one of the following
equations:
tan 1 K cot 2
cot 1 K cot 2
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scholar.waset.org/1999.5/10000297
(3)
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015
where the two equations correspond to the odd and even mode
resonances respectively.
The length ratio of the SIR is defined as:
2
2
1
1 2 1
(4)
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000297
Substituting (4) into (2) and (3), any desired frequency ratio
of harmonic (fsi) to fundamental (f0) resonances depends on
the choice of a suitable combination of the impedance and the
length ratios of the SIR.
f s1
f 0 2 tan 1 K
fs2
f
2 s1 1
f0
f0
f s3
f
2 s1
f0
f0
(5)
(6)
(7)
Let the upper filter with the center frequency 1.8 GHz and
the lower filter with the center frequency 2.45 GHz be the Tx
and the Rx filter respectively. The traditional approach to
design a microwave diplexer is to design the Rx and the Tx
filters individually then to combine the two Band pass filters
to form the diplexer. Fig. 2 shows the configuration of the
proposed filter. Each filter consists of two coupled stepped
impedance Resonators (SIRs) and two feed lines coupled to
the input/output ports. Using this type of resonators a wide
stop band can be obtained furthermore the size of each filter
can be easily reduced and the configuration of the whole
circuit can be miniaturized by adopting the coupled junction
and a good arrangement of the feed lines.
Fig. 2 Layout of the proposed microstrip diplexer in ADS Agilent
In order to obtain a high isolation between the Rx and the
Tx filter, the main challenge is to design two band pass filters
with highest rejection level with a minimum number of
resonators and small size. Thus, good stop band suppression
for the Rx filter is required at 1.8 GHz. In parallel, high stop
band suppression for the Tx filter is required at 2.45 GHz.
The first step in our design procedure begins by the design
of the Tx and Rx filters. The theoretical analysis of each filter
is based on the filter synthesis technique outlined in [6]. The
structure of the proposed Rx band pass filter is constructed by
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(1) 2015
coupling two stepped impedance resonators with different
impedance ratio K. The same procedure is utilized to design
the Tx filter, since the operating frequency can be found by
changing the length of the resonators based on the calculation
method and a careful optimization of the dimensions. Besides,
the structure gap between the SIRs and the coupled
transmission feed lines allows to adjust the operations
frequency of each filter, this can reduce the dimensions of the
device and can make a significant variation in the filter
performances especially in the insertion loss value.
Fig. 3 Simulated results of the fundamental and the first spurious
frequencies of the designed diplexer.
The resonant frequency of a SIR can be found by choosing
a suitable combination of the impedance Ratio K and the
length ratio (). In this work, when sitting Z1=91 , Z2= 66 ,
1=127, 2=219 and Z1=91 , Z2= 59 , 1=127, 2=288
for the SIR1 and SIR 2 respectively, the first band pass filter
can be designed for the 2.45 GHz and the first spurious
frequency is placed at 5.65 GHz. Similarly, when sitting
Z1=91 , Z2= 53 , 1=202, 2=336 and Z1=91 , Z2= 53
, 1=202, 2=282 for the SIR1 and SIR 2 respectively, the
second band pass filter can be designed for the 1.8 GHz and
the first spurious frequency is placed at 4.57 GHz. Fig. 3
shows the simulated results of the fundamental and the first
higher order frequencies of each band pass filter.
The following step is to choose the coupling spacing S1 and
S2 between the resonators and the feed lines in the Tx filter.
Several simulations were realized, to attain good insertion loss
and return loss in the first and the second pass bands. Fig. 4
depicts the simulated results of the Tx filter under different
coupling spacing S1 and S2 between the stepped impedance
resonators and the feed lines. As we can clearly observe the
return loss |S11| increases while the insertion loss |S21|
decrease when S1 decreases from 0.6 to 0.2 mm (without
changing the other dimensions of the circuit). The same
performances are obtained when S2 decreases from 0.6 to 0.2
mm. Therefore S1=0.2 mm and S2=0.2 mm are chosen to be
the optimal coupling spacing to get good attainments.
The structure of the proposed diplexer is shown in Fig. 2,
whose design parameters were determined as follows:
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scholar.waset.org/1999.5/10000297
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000297
W1=1, W2=3, W3=3, W4=1.81, W5=1.3, W6=2.5, W7=2,
W8=2, L1=4, L2=15.3, L3=12.6, L4=15, L5=13, L6=9.5,
L7=2.1, L8=17.5, L9=10, L10=6, L11=10 , L12=5.5, S1=0.2,
S2=0.2, S3=0.2, S4=0.2, all in (mm).
width is about 6.27% and 5.44 % for the Rx and the Tx filters
respectively. In addition, the BPFs have several transmission
zeros located at 1.3 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.47 GHz and 3.8 GHz
with attenuation of 55 dB, 25 dB, 21 dB and 47 dB
respectively. The presence of these transmissions zeros at the
pass band edges improves the isolation between the two band
pass filters.
(a)
Fig. 5 Simulated frequency response of the proposed diplexer with
ADS Agilent
(b)
Fig. 4 Simulated frequency response of the Tx filter for different
values of (a) S1 (b) S2
III. RESULTS
The design procedure of the two band pass filter has been
described in the previous section. This section is dedicated to
discuss the electrical performances of the designed diplexer.
The main challenge after the design of the Rx and the Tx
filters is to combine them together to form the microstrip
diplexer which can seriously deteriorate the predicted
simulations results of each filter.
Fig. 2 illustrates the configuration of the designed diplexer.
The substrate used is the FR4 with a thickness of 1.58 mm, a
relative electric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.025 and a
conductor thickness of 35 um. The size of the proposed
diplexer is nearly (47 mm 24 mm). The diplexer
performances were investigated by simulation. The circuit was
initially, simulated using an EM simulator ADS Agilent to
evaluate its frequency response and Fig. 5 shows the simulated
results. As shown in the figure the insertion loss is about 2.24
dB for the Rx filter and 2.16 dB for the Tx filter. The return
loss is about 29 dB for the upper and lower filter respectively
while the isolation between the two channels is more than 21
dB at the center frequency of 1.8 GHz. The -3 dB pass band
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(1) 2015
Fig. 6 Layout of the designed microstrip diplexer in CST-MW
Another step was essential in order to verify the theoretical
prediction of designed diplexer, the simulation software CST
Microwave Studio were used to design and to simulate the
circuit. Fig. 6 depicts the layout of the proposed microstrip
diplexer with CST microwave software.
The frequency response of the circuit with CST software is
displayed in Fig. 7. We can observe that the band pass
insertion loss remains lower than 0.27 dB and 0.23 dB for the
download and the upload band respectively. The return loss
are around 26 dB for transmission channel and 18 dB for the
receive one. Moreover the simulated isolation between the two
channels is better than 19 db. The electrical performances of
the diplexer with CST software are in good agreement with its
frequency response with ADS Agilent. The slight difference
between the two simulated results can be explained by the use
of low meshing density in the CST software. Besides, the
designed diplexer shows several transmission zeros located
near the pass band edges which improves the selectivity of the
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scholar.waset.org/1999.5/10000297
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015
BPFs. So a better isolation between the two BPFs and a wide
stop band is also obtained.
[7]
[8]
[9]
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:1, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000297
[10]
[11]
Fig. 7 Simulated frequency response of the proposed diplexer with
ADS Agilent
[12]
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper a new microstrip diplexer by using coupled
stepped impedance resonators and coupled junction has been
proposed and validated for the DCS and ISM applications.
Two band pass filters using coupled SIRs are designed and
simulated to operate for 1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz bands then
used to form the proposed diplexer. By choosing an
appropriate impedance ration, length ratio and an optimal
coupling spacing between the resonators and the feed lines,
high performances can be achieved. The insertion losses are
2.16 dB and 2.24 dB at the center frequencies of 1.8 GHz and
2.45 GHz, respectively. The return losses are better than 29 dB
at the lower and the higher channel respectively. Finally, the
size of proposed diplexer is very compact and the isolation
between the two BPFs is better than 21 dB. Therefore, the
proposed diplexer is suitable to operate in modern wireless
communication systems.
[13]
[14]
[15]
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We thank Mr. Mohamed Latrach Professor in ESEO,
engineering institute in Angers, France, and Pr. Angel
Mediavilla from DICOM CANTABRIA university, for
allowing us to use all the equipment available in there
laboratories.
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