Comma

nd
ansi.sys
append
arp
assign
assoc
at
atmadm
attrib
batch
bcdedit
bootcfg
break
cacls
call

Description
Defines functions that change display graphics, control
cursor movement, and reassign keys.
Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a
file or running a command.
Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network
devices.
Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
View the file associations.
Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call
manager.
Display and change file attributes.
Recovery console command that executes a series of
commands in a file.
Modify the boot configuration data store.
Recovery console command that allows a user to view,
modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
Enable and disable CTRL + C feature.
View and modify file ACL's.
Calls a batch file from another batch file.

Type
File
External
External
External
Internal
External
Internal
External
Recovery
External
Recovery
Internal
External
Internal

cd
chcp
chdir
chkdsk
chkntfs
choice
cls
cmd
color
command
comp
compact
control
convert
copy
ctty
date
debug
defrag

Changes directories.
Supplement the International keyboard and character set
information.
Changes directories.
Check the hard drive running FAT for errors.
Check the hard drive running NTFS for errors.
Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
Clears the screen.
Opens the command interpreter.
Change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS
window.
Opens the command interpreter.
Compares files.
Compresses and uncompress files.
Open Control Panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
Convert FAT to NTFS.
Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
Change the computers input/output devices.
View or change the systems date.
Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify
hardware settings.
Re-arrange the hard drive to help with loading programs.

Internal
External
Internal
External
External
External
Internal
Internal
Internal
Internal
External
External
External
External
Internal
Internal
Internal
External
External

del
delete
deltree
dir
disable
diskcomp
diskcopy
doskey
dosshell
drivparm
echo
edit
edlin
emm386
enable
endlocal
erase

Deletes one or more files.

Recovery console command that deletes a file.
Deletes one or more files or directories.
List the contents of one or more directory.
Recovery console command that disables Windows system
services or drivers.
Compare a disk with another disk.
Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another
disk.
Command to view and execute commands that have been
run in the past.
A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
View and edit files.
View and edit files.
Load extended Memory Manager.
Recovery console command to enable a disable service or
driver.
Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled
by the setlocal command.
Erase files from computer.

Internal
Internal
External
Internal
Recovery
External
External
External
External
Internal
Internal
External
External
External
Recovery
Internal
Internal

exit
expand
extract
fasthelp
fc
fdisk
find
findstr
fixboot
fixmbr
for
format
ftp
fType
goto
graftabl
help
if
ifshlp.sys
ipconfig

Exit from the command interpreter.

Expand a Microsoft Windows file back to it's original format.
Extract files from the Microsoft Windows cabinets.
Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information
about them.
Compare files.
Utility used to create partitions on the hard drive.
Search for text within a file.
Searches for a string of text within a file.
Writes a new boot sector.
Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
Boolean used in batch files.
Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
Command to connect and operate on an FTP server.
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension
associations.
Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
Show extended characters in graphics mode.
Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
32-bit file manager.
Network command to view network adapter settings and

Internal
External
External
External
External
External
External
External
Recovery
Recovery
Internal
External
External
Recovery
Internal
External
External
Internal
External
External

keyb
label
lh
listsvc
loadfix
loadhigh
lock
logof
logon
map
md
mem
mkdir
mklink
mode
more
move
msav

assigned values.
Change layout of keyboard.
Change the label of a disk drive.
Load a device driver in to high memory.
Recovery console command that displays the services and
drivers.
Load a program above the first 64k.
Load a device driver in to high memory.
Lock the hard drive.
Logoff the currently profile using the computer.
Recovery console command to list installations and enable
administrator login.
Displays the device name of a drive.
Command to create a new directory.
Display memory on system.
Command to create a new directory.
Creates a symbolic link.
Modify the port or display settings.
Display one page at a time.
Move one or more files from one directory to another
directory.
Early Microsoft Virus scanner.

External
External
Internal
Recovery
External
Internal
Internal
External
Recovery
Recovery
Internal
External
Internal
Internal
External
External
Internal
External

msd
mscdex
nbtstat
net
netsh
netstat
nlsfunc
nslookup
path
pathping
pause
ping
popd
power
print
prompt

Diagnostics utility.
Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections
using NBT
Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
Configure dynamic and static network information from MSDOS.
Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and
information.
Load country specific information.
Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
View and modify the computers path location.
View and locate locations of network latency.
Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a
command.
Test and send information to another network computer or
network device.
Changes to the directory or network path stored by
the pushd command.
Conserve power with computer portables.
Prints data to a printer port.
View and change the MS-DOS prompt.

External
External
External
External
External
External
External
External
Internal
External
Internal
External
Internal
External
External
Internal

pushd
qbasic
rd
ren
rename
rmdir
robocopy
route
runas
scandisk
scanreg
set
setlocal
setver
share
shift
shutdown
smartdrv

Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be

returned to at any time.
Open the QBasic.
Removes an empty directory.
Renames a file or directory.
Renames a file or directory.
Removes an empty directory.
A robust file copy command for the Windows command line.
View and configure Windows network route tables.
Enables a user to run a program as a different user.
Run the scandisk utility.
Scan Registry and recover Registry from errors.
Change one variable or string to another.
Enables local environments to be changed without affecting
anything else.
Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch
program.
Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended
memory.

Internal
External
Internal
Internal
Internal
Internal
External
External
External
External
External
Internal
Internal
External
External
Internal
External
External

sort
start
subst
switches
sys
telnet
time
title
tracert
tree
Type
undelete
unformat
unlock
ver
verify
vol
xcopy

Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.

External
Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS
Internal
prompt.
Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter. External
Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
Internal
Transfer system files to disk drive.
External
Telnet to another computer or device from the prompt.
External
View or modify the system time.
Internal
Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
Internal
Visually view a network packets route across a network.
External
View a visual tree of the hard drive.
External
Display the contents of a file.
Internal
Undelete a file that has been deleted.
External
Unformat a hard drive.
External
Unlock a disk drive.
Internal
Display the version information.
Internal
Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have
Internal
been written properly.
Displays the volume information about the designated drive. Internal
Copy multiple files, directories, or drives from one location to External
another.