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21 - Quantitative Kinetics

The document summarizes quantitative kinetics as it relates to reaction rates. It states that the rate of a reaction is given by rate expressions and has units of mol dm-3 s-1. The order of a reaction with respect to a reactant shows how that reactant's concentration affects the reaction rate. A rate constant is proportional to the rate and depends on temperature but not concentration. Catalysts can appear in rate equations and influence reaction steps and mechanisms. Transition states and intermediates refer to energy profiles of reactions. Heterogeneous catalysts operate across different phases than reactants and are important industrially.

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Abbas Haider
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48 views

21 - Quantitative Kinetics

The document summarizes quantitative kinetics as it relates to reaction rates. It states that the rate of a reaction is given by rate expressions and has units of mol dm-3 s-1. The order of a reaction with respect to a reactant shows how that reactant's concentration affects the reaction rate. A rate constant is proportional to the rate and depends on temperature but not concentration. Catalysts can appear in rate equations and influence reaction steps and mechanisms. Transition states and intermediates refer to energy profiles of reactions. Heterogeneous catalysts operate across different phases than reactants and are important industrially.

Uploaded by

Abbas Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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21 Quantitative kinetics

Topic summary
The rate of a reaction is given by the following expressions:

The units of rate are mol dm3 s1.


The order of the reaction with respect to a reactant shows how the concentration of that reactant
affects the rate of the reaction. The order for each reactant is found by experiment, and these
orders are combined together in a rate equation.
The proportionality constant in the rate equation is called the rate constant. The rate constant
does not vary with concentration but it does vary with temperature.
A homogeneous catalyst does not appear in the overall stoichiometric equation, but its
concentration does appear in the rate equation.
If the reactants and their coefficients in the rate equation are the same as those in the
stoichiometric equation, the reaction may take place in a single step.
If the reactants and their coefficients in the rate equation differ from those in the stoichiometric
equation, the reaction takes place in more than one step.
The step with the highest activation energy is the rate-determining step. The number of species
that take part in the rate-determining step is known as the molecularity of the reaction.
Reactants whose concentrations appear in the rate equation react before or at the ratedetermining step. Reactants whose concentrations do not appear in the rate equation but do
appear in the stoichiometric equation react after the rate-determining step.
Transition states are at the maxima in the energy profile of a reaction.
Intermediates are at the minima in the energy profile of a reaction.
A heterogeneous catalyst is one that is in a different phase from the reactants. Heterogeneous
catalysts are important in many well-known industrial reactions.

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