SUBWAY

(Underground Railroad Transit)

WHAT IS A SUBWAY STATION?

Subway Station is a
underground urban
railroad for a rapid
transit system
usually operated by
electricity.

Wikipedia.com

EXAMPLES
LONDON
UNDERGROUND
the world's oldest
subway, which opened
in january 1863. the
system has 270 stations
and 250 miles
(400 km) of track.
Wikipedia.com

EXAMPLES
NEW YORK CITY
SUBWAY
The largest rapid transit
system in the world by
number of stations,
with 469 stations in
operation.
The busiest rapid transit
rail system in the United
States and in the Western
world
Wikipedia.com

EXAMPLES
THE MOSCOW METRO
Moscow Metro has 200 stations and
its route length is 333.3 km
(207.1 mi)making it the busiest
metro system outside of Asia.
The system has a deepest section of
74 meters (243 ft) underground at
the Park Pobedy station. it is one
of the world's deepest subway
system.
Wikipedia.com

PREPARATIONS FOR A SUBWAY

CONSTRUCTION :
Use the NATM method (New Australian Tunneling Method)
Prepare the necessary machines and equipment such as the TBM
(Tunnel-boring Machine)
Use city streets as guidelines for where to dig.
Provide a series of shafts that acts as emergency exits and all have
entrances that people can reach from the street level.
Reroute existing pipes and cables before construction.
Use pumps or dig dewatering falls to remove the water.
Use the cut and cover method and waterproofing method.
HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

SOME CHALLENGES WHILE FIXING

THE LOCATION OF THE STATION:
Adequate width of road (in case of station
being in the middle of road)
Availability of land for locating entry exit
structures
Parking and Dispersal facilities
Fire water tank
Ventilation shafts
Minimal property acquisition
HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:
Buildings nearby,
No. Of trees affected,
Possible traffic diversion,
Soil strata,
Utilities,
Access to the residents
nearby
Suitability
Construction Consideration Metro

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:

Station Design Rpiciples PDF

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:
Inter station distance to be about 1-km
Stations are not located on gradients, and are
always to be on horizontal alignment
Alignment should be straight to the extent possible,
in case the station must be located on curves due
to other pressing demands, the curve should not
be sharper than 1000-m radius

Construction Consideration Metro

SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Access, Queuing & Circulation

Ticketing Facilities
Signage And Information
Security
Passenger Facilities
Weather Protection and Enclosure

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Access, Queuing & Circulation

- Provide a continuous and
easy route between station entries,
operational and customer
facilities and the platforms

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Ticketing Facilities
-Away from the circulation
paths, vertical circulation
elements and queuing areas
-Within view of the station
entry points
-Within the unpaid area of
the station (preferred)

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Ticketing Facilities
-Under cover so that sunlight
does not fall directly on the
information display screens
-So as to provide staff selling
tickets with an unobstructed
view of the adjacent ticket
vending machines, (TVM) the
concourse and preferably the
station entry points.

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Signage And Information

-close proximity to the ticket
windows and ticket vending
machines
Station identification and maps
at the station entries.
Train running information (e.g.
timetables) prior or adjacent to
ticketing

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry
Security
-Help Points
-CCTV

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Passenger Facilities
-not mandatory at every station
and are only provided where a
requirement has been identified
and can be accommodated
without compromising passenger
circulation and the safe operation
of a station.

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Entry

Weather Protection and Enclosure

-Maximise the opportunities to
use the weather protection
structure to create a sense of
public space
-Create a continuity of
architectural expression in
architectural form, structure and
detail
-Express the functional
components of the station
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eering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

nal Spaces

ESB 003

Weather
Protection

Figure 3.6.2 Weather Protection Over Stairs

Not to Scale

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ions and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

ESB 003

Canopy
Drainage

Figure 3.6.3 Canopy Drainage Requirements

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Customer Toilets/ Comfort Room

Seating And Waiting Areas
Public Telephones
Retail Shops
Rubbish Bins

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Customer Toilets/ Comfort Room

-They are to be located within the
paid area of the station entry so
as to allow for maximum security,
unless otherwise specified.

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Seating And Waiting Areas

-ideally located on the
concourse with a view of
interchange facilities
-For PWDs, requires that resting
areas, including seats, must be
provided where circulation
distances between the station
entry and platform seating is
greater than 60 metres.
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Passenger Facilities

Seating And Waiting Areas

-Note: seating within the station
entry needs to be carefully
located so as not to encourage
loitering.

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Public Telephones
-more ideal to be located within
the unpaid area of the station, in
sight of passengers exiting the
station. But can also be inside.
-They must be located away from
ATMs, TVMs and ticket windows
and must not encroach into
circulation space.
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Retail Shops
-Without obstruction to station
operations
-Without degradation of
security, safety, circulation and
passenger facilities
-So as to ensure accessible entry
configuration
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Rubbish Bins
- Removable or concealable to
meet changing security
requirements
-Integrated with other fixed
elements, where possible to avoid
clutter within stations

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Passenger Facilities

Rubbish Bins
-Wheeled type bins are
preferred to satisfy OHS
requirements as staff and
cleaners are unable to empty from
one bin in to another.

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

-Passengers to wait for trains in

relative comfort
-Passenger circulation to, from
and along the platform
-A range of operational and
passenger facilities.

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rp Engineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

Functional Spaces

Corp
May 2010

ESB 003

Platform
Gaps
Figure 3.2.4 Platform Gaps Terminology

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Vertical Circulation
Operational and Staff Facilities
Passenger Facilities
Platform Construction Elements

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Vertical Circulation
-The safe delivery of passengers
onto the platform
-The safe evacuation of
passengers from the platform
-Circulation to and from the
platform without congestion or
conflict

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V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
Figure 3.3.2 - Vertical Circulation Funnelling

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C
i
r
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Operational and Staff Facilities

-Control Room
-Ticketing
-SPI
-Communications
-Guard Indicators
-Sychronized Clocks
-Help Points
-CCTV
-End Barriers and Gates
-Screen Doors and Crowd Control

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ilCorp Engineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements
ation Functional Spaces

Control
Room

Figure 3.2.7 - Typical Control Room

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ued May 2010

ESB 003

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Passenger Facilities
-Boarding ramp cabinets
-Passenger Toilet Facilities
-Seating and waiting areas
-Public telephones
-Rubbish bins
-Retail vending machines
-Canopies and wind breaks

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neering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

onal Spaces

ESB 003

Boarding
Ramp
Cabinet
The platform shall provide adequate space to deploy the ramp, with at least
1500mm clearance to any object to allow manoeuvring on and off the ramp.
The ramp is generally deployed on request to station staff or train guards.
Refer to: RailCorp Boarding Ramps Policy 2001

Boarding Ramp Cabinet

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A cupboard is required to/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/buildings/esb-003.pdf

store a boarding ramp for wheelchair access to trains. The
boarding ramp cabinet must:

neering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

onal Spaces

ESB 003

A cupboard is required to store a

boarding ramp for wheelchair access to
trains. The boarding ramp cabinet must:
Be located centrally along the platform
Boarding
length or
Align with the most likely position Ramp
of
the train guard on a typical trainCabinet
service.
The platform shall provide
space to deploy to,
the ramp,
adequate
Be adjacent
orwith
asat least
part of, the
1500mm clearance to any object to allow manoeuvring on and off the ramp.
Control Room.

The ramp is generally deployed on request to station staff or train guards.

Refer to: RailCorp Boarding Ramps Policy 2001

Boarding Ramp Cabinet

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A cupboard is required to/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/buildings/esb-003.pdf

store a boarding ramp for wheelchair access to trains. The
boarding ramp cabinet must:

neering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

onal Spaces

ESB 003

In accordance with RailCorp Boarding

Ramps Policy 2001 the cabinet must
Boarding
include:
Ramp
Master key lock
Quick release strap within the cabinet
Cabinet
Vision panel

The platform shall provide adequate space to deploy the ramp, with at least
1500mm clearance to any object to allow manoeuvring on and off the ramp.
The ramp is generally deployed on request to station staff or train guards.
Refer to: RailCorp Boarding Ramps Policy 2001

Boarding Ramp Cabinet

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A cupboard is required to/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/buildings/esb-003.pdf

store a boarding ramp for wheelchair access to trains. The
boarding ramp cabinet must:

n Functional Spaces

Corp
May 2010

ESB 003

Boarding
Ramp

Figure 3.3.4 Passenger Train Boarding Ramp

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Platform Construction Elements

-Structural design
-Services reticulation
-Finishes and surfaces

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Platform Construction Elements

-Structural design, developed in
coordination with the:

Track-bed design
Overhead catenary wiring support
structures
Interface with adjacent structures
including portals, cuttings, tunnels,
retaining
walls, cut and cover structures
Retail elements where specified and
permitted

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Platform Construction Elements

-Finishes and surfaces, Critical

requirements are:
The platform cross section must
have a minimum of 1:100 and a
maximum 1:40 fall from the
platform edge to the centre of the
platform.
The longitudinal gradient of the
platform must also be considered
in determining the platforms cross
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Platforms

Platform Construction Elements

-Finishes and surfaces, Critical
requirements are:
Ponding of water on the platform
surface is unacceptable.
The platform surface must be slip
resistant in both wet and dry
conditions
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aces

ESB 003

Platform
Fall

Figure 3.2.9 Platform Fall Requirements

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Page 33 of 127
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Island
Platforms

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Figure 3.2.2 Basic Island Platform Set Out

Side
Platforms

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Figure 3.2.3 Basic Side Platform Set Out

nctional Spaces

p
y 2010

ESB 003

Overhead
Restrictions

Figure 3.2.5 Structure Gauge and Canopy / Overhead Set Out Restrictions

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nal Spaces

10

ESB 003

Circulation

Figure 3.2.6 Platform Circulation Requirements

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UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Operational Areas

The station operational areas must

accommodate a broad range of
equipment, fixtures and fittings in
a configuration that primarily
enables the station to operate in a
safe, secure and efficient manner.
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Station Operational Areas

Booking and Management Offices

Back of House Areas
Staff Amenities

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Operational Areas

Booking and Management Offices

-Ticketing Windows and
Booking Office
-Station Managers Office
-Sign-on Area
-Station Support Officer
Administrative Area
-Cash Counting Office
-Archive Room
-Meeting Room/Interview Room
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Refer to:

Corp
May 2010

Section 3.11 - Materials and finishes for details on Staff Toilets and Shower
Fixtures and Fittings.
Figure 3.4.18 1 x Staff Accessible Toliet (Unisex Min Req)

Station
Managers
Office
RailCorp Engineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements
Station Functional Spaces

ESB 003

Figure 3.4.5 Station Managers Office 12m

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

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Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

ces

ESB 003

Figure 3.4.5 Station Managers Office 12m

Sign-On
Area

Figure 3.4.6 Sign-On Area 4m

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Figure 3.4.6 Sign-On Area 4m

Station
Manager Admin
Support

Figure 3.4.7 - Station Manager Admin Support Area

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Figure 3.4.7 - Station Manager Admin Support Area

Cash Counting
Office

Figure 3.4.8 Cash Counting Office 7m (Min)

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Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

aces

ESB 003

Archives

Figure 3.4.9 Archive Room

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Meeting
Figure
3.4.9 Archive Room
Room

Figure 3.4.10 Meeting Room

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Station Operational Areas

Back of House Areas

Communications Room (also known
as Apparatus or Equipment Room)
Store Room
Cleaners Room
Garbage Room
Cleaning Machine Room
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p Engineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

Functional Spaces

ESB 003

Communications

Figure 3.4.11 Communications Room 12m (Min)

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Figure 3.4.11 Communications Room 12m (Min)

Storage

Figure 3.4.12 Store Room 6-8m

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Figure 3.4.13 Cleaners Room 6-8m

Cleaners
Room

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Garbage
Room
Figure 3.4.14 Garbage Room
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RailCorp Engineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements
Station Functional Spaces

ESB 003

Cleaning
Machine
Room

Figure 3.4.15 Cleaning Machine Room 8-9m

RailCorp
Issued May 2010

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Station Operational Areas

Staff Amenities
Locker Room
Meal Room
Staff Toilets

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ng Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

Spaces

ESB 003

Staff
Locker
Room

Figure 3.4.16 Staff Locker Room

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Figure 3.4.16 Staff Locker Room

Meal
Room

Figure 3.4.17 Staff Meal Room

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gineering Standard Stations and Buildings Station Design Standard Requirements

tional Spaces

ESB 003

Toilets

Figure 3.4.18 1 x Staff Accessible Toliet (Unisex Min Req)

Passenger Facilities

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/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/buildings/esb-003.pdf

passive surveillance and proximity requirements of this area.

Figure 3.4.1 Booking and Management Offices Proximity

Requirements
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Station Functional Spaces

ESB 003

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Figure 3.4.3 Back of House Areas Proximity Requirements
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Figure 3.1.1 Typical Passenger Circulation

CONSTRUCTION

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CONSTRUCTION

Google Images

CONSTRUCTION

HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

CONSTRUCTION

Google Images

BASIC LAYOUT OF T YPICAL

UNDERGROUND STATIONS

Construction Consideration Metro

CHALLENGES DURING
CONSTRUCTION

Possibility of creating
traffic diversions during
construction period
Urban Design Impact
(including adjoining
properties)
Provision of potential
links to parking
facilities
Construction Consideration Metro

CHALLENGES DURING
CONSTRUCTION
Provision of potential links to adjoining
properties and footbridges
Safeguards to pedestrians and adjoining
properties from noise and air pollution
Traffic safety on the roads
No decrease in pedestrian utility at
footpath level

Construction Consideration Metro

UTILIT Y DIVERSIONS

Construction Consideration Metro

LOCALIZED GROUND STRATA

VARIATIONS AND WATER TABLE

Construction Consideration Metro

WATERPROOFING
LINING TUNNEL FLOORS WITH GRAVEL.
APPLYING WATERPROOF MATERIAL COATED IN
CONCRETE.
LINING THE TUNNEL WITH ASPHALT AND BRICK.
SPRAYABLE CONCRETE

HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

MATERIALS AND FINISHES

General Requirements
Floor Finishes Selection
Walls and Column Finishes
Selection
Ceiling and Soffit Lining
Selection
Slip Resistance of Floor
Finishes
The Use of Glass In Stations
HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

MAINTENANCE OF A SUBWAY
Scheduled Subway Closures
Surface and sub-surface
drainage system
refurbishment/installation
Tunnel cleaning
Subway cleaning
Mechanical and electrical
installation and maintenance
FM Conway Ltd

MAINTENANCE OF A SUBWAY
Control and monitoring
Fire protection
Incident detection
Safety equipment
Maintenance and
refurbishment
Geometry Train

FM Conway Ltd

MAINTENANCE OF A SUBWAY
Running and Maintaining a Subway
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The elements and sensors commonly found in a geometry train

HowStuffWorks/Subway PDF

Most subway trains run along rails that have been in place for years,

ADVANTAGES
Congestion easing
Ease of transport to and from
outlying regions
Air conditioning
Safe transport
Speed
Modernity
Accessibility
Eco-friendly
Makes peoples psychology
better.
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DISADVANTAGES

Cost
Hard to Maintain
Cleanliness
Disruption
Loss of control
Fixed routes
Security

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CONCLUSION

WHY THERE IS
N O S U B WAY I N
THE
PHILIPPINES?
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