Chapter 14

Enterprise
Computing

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is an enterprise?
Large organization such as multinational
corporation, university, hospital, research
laboratory, or government organization

Requires special computing

solutions because of its size
Enterprise computinguse
of computers in networks that
encompass variety of operating systems,
protocols, and network architectures
p. 714

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

How does information flow within an enterprise?

Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an

extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people

p. 714 Fig. 14-1

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

How are enterprises organized?

Most are
organized in
a hierarchy

p. 716 Fig. 14-2

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four categories of users?

Executive management
strategic decisions
Middle management
tactical decisions
Operational management
operational decisions

Nonmanagement employees
on-the-job decisions
p. 717 Fig. 14-3

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is enterprise information?
Information gathered in
ongoing operations of enterprise

Collected, combined,
and analyzed over time

Allows managers to
make better decisions

p. 718

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four management activities?
1. Planning

2. Organizing

objectives
strategies
tactics

money
people
management structure

4. Controlling
performance
measurement
corrective action

p. 719 Fig. 14-4

3. Leading
communications
instructions
motivation

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is an information
system?

Set of hardware,
software, data, people,
and procedures that
work together to
produce information

p. 720 Fig. 14-5

Procedures are
instructions users follow
to accomplish activities

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a functional unit?

Individual operating entity, which can include

departments, centers, and divisions
Human
Resources
(HR)

Accounting
and
Finance

Marketing

Engineering
or Product
Development

Sales

Customer
Service
p. 720

Manufacturing

Distribution

Information
Technology
Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What are the functions of accounting and finance systems?

p. 721 Fig. 14-7

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a human resources information system (HRIS)?

Manages human resources function

Employee relationship management (ERM) system
facilitates communication with employees

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Employee Relationship
Management below Chapter 14
p. 721 Fig. 14-8

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is computer-aided design (CAD)?

Uses special
software to aid in
product design
Computer-aided
engineering
(CAE) uses
computers to test
product designs

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
CAD below Chapter 14
p. 722 Fig. 14-9

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

Use of computers to control production equipment

Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM)
integrates operations
of manufacturing
process

p. 722 Fig. 14-10

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?
Uses software to
monitor and control
production processes
Focuses on
inventory of parts

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
MRP II below Chapter 14
p. 723

Manufacturing Resource
Planning II (MRP II)
is extension of MRP

Helps in scheduling,
tracking production,
and monitoring
product quality

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a marketing information system?

Central repository for marketing tasks

Market research software analyzes data gathered from
surveys

p. 723 Fig. 14-11

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is sales force automation (SFA) software?

Tools for
traveling
salespeople
Runs on PDAs
or notebook
computers

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Sales Force Automation
below Chapter 14
p. 724 Fig. 14-12

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What are distribution systems?
Provide forecasting
for inventory control
track shipping of
products

p. 724

Provide tracking of
product shipments

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is customer interaction management (CIM)
software?

Manages interactions
with customers

p. 724 Fig. 14-13

Telephone calls
E-mail
Web interactions
Instant Messaging
sessions

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is information architecture?

Overall technology
strategy for an
enterprise

p. 725

IT department uses
software to maintain
hardware and
software
applications

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is an office information system (OIS)?

Enables employees to perform

tasks using computers and other
electronic devices instead of
manually

Sometimes called office

automation

Users create graphics and

documents, send messages,
schedule appointments, and
browse the Web

p. 726

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?

Captures and processes data from day-to-day

transactions

p. 726 Fig. 14-14

Transaction
individual
business activity

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a management information system (MIS)?

Generates
accurate, timely,
and organized
information so
managers can track
progress and make
decisions

p. 727 Fig. 14-15

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a decision support system (DSS)?

Helps users analyze data and make decisions

Uses data from internal and external sources, as
needed
Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of
executive management

p. 728 Fig. 14-16

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is an expert system?
Captures and stores knowledge of human
experts and then imitates human
reasoning and decision making

Consists of two components

knowledge base
combined subject
knowledge and
experiences of
human experts

p. 729

inference rulesset
of logical judgments
applied to the
knowledge base

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is an example of an expert system?
Step 1. Select
from a menu or
click a picture for
a diet program.

Step 2.
Select the
type of
fat-loss
diet based
on the initial
selection.

Step 4. Review
the diet summary.

Step 3. Specify the

caloric goals and
current calorie intake.

p. 729 Fig. 14-17

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What are some common types of expert systems?
Artificial
intelligence
is application of
human
intelligence
to computers

Knowledge
management
is process by which
enterprise collects,
archives, indexes, and
retrieves knowledge

p. 730

Knowledge
management
software (KMS)
captures expertise of
workers

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?

Provides
software
applications
to coordinate
activities of
functional units

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Enterprise Resource Planning
below Chapter 14
p. 731 Fig. 14-18

Next

Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is a content management system (CMS)?

Combination of databases, software, and procedures

Organizes and allows access to documents and other files

p. 732 Fig. 14-19

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a portal?

Collection of links, content,

and services presented on
Web page
Designed to guide users to
information they are likely
to find interesting for a
particular job function

p. 733 Fig. 14-20

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a data warehouse?

Huge database that

stores data required
to analyze historical
and current
transactions

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Data Warehouse
below Chapter 14
p. 734 Fig. 14-21

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is an extranet?

Portion of network that

allows customers or
suppliers to access parts
of enterprises intranet

p. 735

Replaces or supplements
existing EDI systems
EDI (electronic data
interchange)Set of standards
that controls transfer of business
data among computers

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What are Web services?

Technologies that
allow businesses to
create products and
B2B (business-tobusiness) interactions
on Internet

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Web Services below Chapter 14
p. 735 Fig. 14-22

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a workflow?

p. 736

Steps involved in
completing project or
business process
Workflow application
is a program that
tracks process from
start to finish

Next

Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?

Provides secure connection for user connecting to

company network server using Internet

p. 736 Fig. 14-23

Next

E-Commerce
What is e-retail?

Retailers use Web to sell

products and services

Also called e-tail

Merchant account is
account set up with credit
card company so retailer
can accept credit card
payments from customers

p. 738

Next

E-Commerce
What are online banking and online trading?

p. 738

Online banking allows users to pay bills and

view their bank accounts and statements from
their computers
Online trading allows users to invest without
using broker, often with a lower transaction fee

Next

E-Commerce
What entertainment, media, and travel services are on
the Web?

Music, videos,
news, sporting
events, and games
Airline, hotel, and
car reservations

Shopping bot
searches for best
price on product
or service

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Online Travel below Chapter 14
p. 739 Fig. 14-25

Next

E-Commerce
What health-related information can you find on the Web?

Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise

Databases of doctors and dentists, chat rooms, online pharmacies

p. 740 Fig. 14-26

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Enterprise Hardware
What is enterprise hardware?
Allows large
organizations
to manage
and store data

p. 741

Often
includes
levels of
redundancy

One goal is
to maintain
high level of
availability

Redundancy
if one piece
breaks,
another part
can assume
tasks

Availability
how often
hardware is
online

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What is a RAID?

Redundant array of independent disks

Group of two or more integrated hard disks
More reliable than traditional hard disks

p. 741 Fig. 14-27

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Enterprise Hardware
How does a RAID system work?

Mirroring
writes data on
two disks at
same time

Enhances
reliability

Striping
splits data
across multiple
disks

p. 741 Fig. 14-28

Improves
access time
Next

Enterprise Hardware
What is network attached storage (NAS)?

Server that provides

storage to users and
information systems
Storage area network
(SAN) is a high-speed
network that provides
storage to other servers
to which it is attached

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
NAS and SAN
below Chapter 14
p. 742 Fig. 14-29

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What is an enterprise storage system?

Strategy that focuses on storage availability, protection,

organization, and backup
Uses combination of
techniques

CD-ROM server, or
DVD-ROM server, holds
hundreds of CD-ROMs or
DVD-ROMs

p. 743 - 744 Fig. 14-30

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What is a blade server?

Sometimes called ultradense server

Complete server on single card, or blade, rather than
system unit
Saves space, requires less maintenance, uses less energy,
generates less heat, and is easily replaced or upgraded
Blade server chassis holds many blades

p. 744 Fig. 14-31

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What is a thin client?

Small terminal-like computers

Mostly rely on a server for data storage and processing
Lack many components typically seen on a personal
computer

p. 744 Fig. 14-32

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What are high-availability systems?
Availability
(uptime)
of at least
99 percent

Often includes
hot-swapping

Hot-swapping
allows components
to be replaced while
rest of system
continues
to perform tasks

p. 745

May include
redundant
components
Redundant component
takes over task of
similar component
that fails

Next

Enterprise Hardware
What are scalability and interoperability?
Scalability
is measure of how well
computer hardware system,
software application, or
information system can grow
to meet increasing needs

Adding hardware
is often easiest
method to grow

p. 745 - 746

Interoperability
is ability to share information
with other information
systems within enterprise

System that shares

information easily
is said to be open

Next

Backup Procedures
What are the four types of backups?

p. 747 Fig. 14-33

Next

Backup Procedures
What is a backup procedure?

Regular plan of
copying and
storing data and
program files
Can use
combination of
full backups and
differential or
incremental
backups

p. 747 Fig. 14-34

Next

Backup Procedures
What is a disaster recovery plan?

Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of

disaster
Emergency plan
steps to be taken
immediately
after disaster

Click to view Web

Link, click Chapter 14, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Disaster Recovery
below Chapter 14
p. 748

Backup plan
how backup files
and equipment
would be used to
resume information
processing

Recovery plan
actions to be taken
to restore full
information
processing
operations

Test plan
simulates various
levels of disasters
and records ability
to recover

Next

Summary of Enterprise Computing

Special computing requirements present

in an enterprise-sized organization

E-retailing and types of businesses

that use e-commerce

Requirements for enterprise

hardware including high-availability,
scalability, and interoperability
Backup procedures
present in a large organization

Complex hardware including

SANs, RAID, and blade servers

Chapter 14 Complete