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WA1 Solutions

1. The document contains solutions to 6 problems involving complex numbers and exponential functions. The problems involve finding real and imaginary parts, roots of unity, properties of absolute values, and conditions for the exponential function to be purely real or imaginary. The solutions provide the steps and reasoning used to arrive at the answers.

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ssnainamohammed2312
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47 views

WA1 Solutions

1. The document contains solutions to 6 problems involving complex numbers and exponential functions. The problems involve finding real and imaginary parts, roots of unity, properties of absolute values, and conditions for the exponential function to be purely real or imaginary. The solutions provide the steps and reasoning used to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

ssnainamohammed2312
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WA 1: solutions

Problem 1. Find the real and imaginary parts of:


2
,
1 3i

(1 + i 3)6 ,

1+i
1i

2(1+3i)
2
Solution. (a) 13i
= (13i)(1+3i)
=




2
1
3
2
Re 13i = 5 , Im 13i = 5 .

 

(b) (1+i 3)6 = 2 12 +

6

3
2 i

!4
1+i 3
.
1i

5
,

2(1+3i)
10

1+3i
5

= 2 cos 3 + i sin 3

1
5

+ 35 i. Therefore,

6


6
= 26 cos 6
=
3 + i sin 3
6
64 cos(2)+i64 sin(2) = 64 (we used de Moivres formula). Therefore, Re (1 + i 3) =

64, Im (1 + i 3)6 = 0.



5
5
5 
5
(1+i)2
1+i
1+i
5
(c) 1i
= (1i)(1+i)
= 2i
=
i
=
i.
Therefore,
Re
= 0,
2
1i


5
1+i
= 1.
Im
1i



(d) 1 + i 3 = 2 21 + 23 i = 2 cos 3 + i sin 3 = 2ei 3 .








1 i = 2 12 12 i = 2 cos 4 + i sin 4 = 2ei 4 . Then


!4 
4 

i 7 4

7
1+i 3
2ei 3
= i
2e 12
=
= ( 2)4 ei 3
1i
2e 4
!



3
7
7
1
= 4 cos
+ i sin
+
i = 2 + 2 3i.
=4
3
3
2
2
  
  
4
4

1+i 3
1+i 3
Therefore, Re
= 2, Im
= 2 3.
1i
1i
Problem 2. Find all complex z for which (1 + z)(1 z)1 is: (i) purely real;
(ii) purely imaginary.
2

+zz
+2i Im z
1+z
Solution. We have w = 1z
= (1+z)(1z)
= 1|z|
= 1|z||1z|
.
2
|1z|2
|1z|2
Clearly, w is undefined for z = 1. (i) w is purely real if and only if Im z = 0
and z 6= 1, i.e., when z R \ {1}. (ii) w is purely imaginary if and only if |z| = 1
and z 6= 1.

Problem 3. Prove the identity


|z1 + z2 |2 + |z1 z2 |2 = 2(|z1 |2 + |z2 |2 )
and explain its geometrical meaning.
Solution. |z1 + z2 |2 + |z1 z2 |2 = (z1 + z2 )(z 1 + z 2 ) + (z1 z2 )(z 1 z 2 ) =
z1 z 1 +z2 z 1 +z1 z 2 +z2 z 2 +z1 z 1 z2 z 1 z1 z 2 +z2 z 2 = 2z1 z 1 +2z2 z 2 = 2(|z1 |2 +|z2 |2 ).
The identity means that, in the parallelogram built on the vectors representing
two complex numbers z1 and z2 , the sum of squares of the diagonals equal the sum
of squares of the sides (in the generic case, when the vectors are not parallel).
1

Problem 4. Show that if 1 , . . . , n are the n-th roots of z0 6= 0 then 1 + +


n = 0.
Solution. If z0 = r0 ei0 then

0 +2
0 +2(n1)
 0
n
1 + + n = n r0 ei n + ei n + + ei


0

= n r0 ei n 1 + e2i/n + e4i/n + + e2(n1)i/n




0

= n r0 ei n 1 + e2i/n + (e2i/n )2 + + (e2i/n )n1


=

r0 ei n

1 e2i
=0
1 e2i/n

(we used the geometric progression summation formula).


Problem 5. Show that for any complex w 6= 0 and any real the equation
ez = w has exactly one solution z satisfying < Im z + 2.
Solution. Let z = x + iy and w = rei . Then ez = w means that ex = r and
y = + 2k for some integer k. Therefore, x = ln r and there is exactly one k such
that y = + 2k (, + 2].
Problem 6. For which z is the exponential function (i) purely real; (ii) purely
imaginary?
Solution. Let z = x + iy. Then ez = ex eiy = ex (cos y + i sin y). (i) ez is purely
real if and only if sin y = 0, i.e., y = Im z = k, k Z. (ii) ez is purely imaginary
if and only if cos y = 0, i.e., y = Im z = 2 + k, k Z.

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