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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MA6459 - NUMERICAL METHODS
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK
UNIT - I SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS
PART- A
1. Give an example of transcendental and algebraic equation?
2. What are the merits of Newtons method of iterations.
3. State the condition & order for convergence of N R method.
4. Find an iterative formula for (i)

(ii) 1 / N ,where N is a positive number by

using Newton Raphson method.

5. On what type of equations Newtons method can be applicable.
6. State the General Newton Raphson Method.
7. What is the Criterion for the convergence of Newtons Raphson method.
8. State fixed point theorem and the fixed point iteration formula.
9. What are the advantages of iterative methods over direct method of solving a system of linear
algebraic equations.

10. Can we apply iteration method to find the root of the equation 2 x cos x 5 in 0 , ?
2

11. Find the positive root of x 2 + 5x -3 = 0 using fixed point iteration method starting with 0.6 as
first approximation
12. Find the root of xex 3 = 0 in 1< x < 1.1 by Iteration method.
13. State the condition for Convergence of Iteration method.

1 3
Power method.
2 7
15.Find the first iteration values of x, y, z by Gauss seidel method
28x 4 y z 32 ; x 3 y 10z 24 ; 2 x 17 y 4 z 35
14. Find inverse of A =

16. State the condition for the convergence of Gauss Seidel iteration method for solving a system of
linear equation
17. By Gauss Elimination method solve (i)x + y =2 and 2x + 3y = 5 (ii) 2x y =1 , x 3y +2 = 0
(iii) x 2y = 0 , 2x + y = 5
18. Give two direct method to solve system of linear equations.
19. Compare Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan method.
20. Compare Gauss seidel method , Gauss Jordan method.

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PART B
1. (i) Find the positive real root of 3x cosx 1 = 0 using Newton Raphson method.

1 6 1

(ii) Find the dominant eigen value and vector of A = 1 2 0 using Power method.
0 0 3

2. (i) Find the positive real root of 2x log10 x - 6 = 0 using Newton Raphson method.

1 2 3

(ii) Find the dominant eigen value and vector of A = 0 4 2 using Power method.
0 0 7

3. (i) Find the positive real root of x3 5x +3= 0 using Iteration method.

1
3
1

3 3 using Gauss Jordan method.

(ii) Find the inverse of the matrix 1
2 4 4

4. (i) Find the positive real root of 2x3 -3x 6 = 0 using Iteration method.

2
3 1

(ii) Find the inverse of the matrix 2 3 1 using Gauss Jordan method.
1 2
1

5. (i) Find the iterative formula to find

N where N is positive integer using

Newtons method and hence find 142 .

(ii) Solve by Gauss Elimination method x + 5y +z =14 ; 2x + y + 3z = 13 ; 3x+y+4z =17
6. (i) Find the iterative formula to find

N where N is positive integer using

Newtons method and hence find 11 .

(ii) Solve by Gauss Elimination method 10 x + y + z =12 ; 2x + 10y +z = 13 ; x + y + 5z =7.

1 1 2

7. (i) Find the inverse of the matrix 1 2 3 using Gauss Jordan method.
2 3 1

(ii) Solve by Gauss Jordan method 3x + 4y + 5z =18 ; 2x y + 8z = 13 ; 5x - 2y + 7z = 20

2
3 1

8. (i) Find the inverse of the matrix 2 3 1 using Gauss Jordan method.
1 2
1

(ii) Apply Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations 30x 2y +3z = 75 ;
2x + 2y + 18z = 30 ; x + 17 y 2z =48

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25 1 2

9. (i) Find the dominant eigen value and vector of A = 1 3 0 using Power method.
2 0 4

(ii) Apply Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations 28x + 4y z =32 ;
x + 3y + 10z =24 ; 2x + 17y + 4z =35

1 2 1

0 using Gauss Jordan method.

10. (i) Find the inverse of the matrix 4 1
2 1 3

(ii) Apply Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations x + y + 54z = 110 ;
27x + 6y z = 85 ; 6x + 15y 2z =72
********************************
UNIT - II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATIOIN
PART A
1. State Lagranges interpolation formula for unequal intervals.
2. Using Lagranges find a polynomial through (0,0) (1 ,1 ) and ( 2 ,2 ).
3. Give inverse Lagranges interpolation formula.
4.Write the Lagranges formula for y, if three sets of values

are given?

5. Find the divided differences with arguments a ,b ,c if f(x) = 1/x

6. Find the divided differences of

for the arguments 1, 3, 6, 11.

7. Form the divided difference table for the following data ( 0,1) , ( 1,4) ,( 3,40) and ( 4,85)
8. Find the interpolating polynomial for the given data: x :

9.

f(x): 1

8
3

, find f(a,b) and f(a,b,c) using divided differences .

10. Construct a divided difference table for the following dat

x:

f(x):48

10

11

13

100

294

900

1210

2028

11. State Newtons forward interpolation formula.

12. When should we use Newtons backward difference formula?
13. Define a cubic spline S(x) which is commonly used for interpolation
14. State the properties of cubic spline.
15.Supply the condition for a spline to be cubic.
16. Find y when x = 0.5 given x :

y:

12

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17. Find y(0.5) given

x:

y:

24

18. State Newtons forward formula upto 3rd finite differences.

19. What is the nature of of the nth divided differences of a polynomial.
20. Show that the divided differences are symmetrical in their arguments.
PART B
1.(i). Using Newtons forward interpolation formula find the value of 1995 from the following table
x: 1951 1961 1871 1981
y: 35
42
58
84
(ii) Using Newtons divided difference formula From the following table ,find f(8)
X:
3
7
9
10
F(x):
168
120
72
63
2.(i) Using Newtons forward interpolation formula find the value of y(46) from the following
X: 45
50
55
60
65
Y: 114.84
96.16
83.32
74.48
68.48
(ii) Using Newtons divided difference formula From the following table , Find f(9) from the
following
x:
5
7
11
13
17
y:
150
392
1452 2366 5202
3. (i) Using Newtons backward formula find the 6th term of sequence 8, 12, 19, 29, 42 .
(ii) From the following table find the number of students who obtain marks between 40 and 45
Marks :
30 - 40 40 -50
50 60
60 70
70 - 80
No of stu :
31
42
51
35
31
4. (i) Using Newtons backward formula find f(7.5) from the following table
X:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Y: 1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
(ii) Find f(2),f(8) and f(15) from the following using Newtons divided difference formula
x: 4
5
7
10
11
13
y: 48
100
294
900
1210 2028
5. (i) Find the natural spline x:
0
1
2
3
y:
1
4
0
-2
(ii) Using Lagranges method Find x when y = 20 from the following
x:
1
2
3
4
y:
1
8
27
64
6. (i) Using Lagranges method, Find the polynomial f(x) and hence find f(5)
x: 1
3
4
6
y: -3
0
30
132
(ii) Obtain Cubic Spline to the following data x:
-1
0
1
2
y:
-1
1
3
35 given y0 = y3 = 0.
7. (i) From the following data taken from steam table Find the pressure t = 142 and t =175.

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Temp :
140
150
160
170
180
Pressure: 3.685
4.854
6.302
8.076
10.225
(ii) Fit a polynomial using Inverse Lagranges method x: 1
2
7
y: 1
5
5
8. (i) Find y(0.5) and y(1) given that M0 = M2 = 0 using Cubic Spline
x: 0
1
2
y: -5
-4
3
(ii) Find the polynomial of degree 3 from the following using Newtons formula
X: 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Y: 1
2
4
7
11
16
22
29
9. (i) Find y (43) from the following
X: 40
50
60
70
80
90
Y: 184
204
226
250
276
304
(ii) Using Cubic Spline to the following data, Find y(1.5)
x:
1
2
3
4
y:
1
2
5
11
10.(i) Find the polynomial and hence find f(1) using Lagranges method
x: -1
0
2
3
y: -8
3
1
12
2
3
4
5
(ii) Find the spline interpolation x: 1
y: 1
0
1
0
1

8
4

**************************************
UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION

d2y
dy
1. State Newtons backward difference formula to find
and 2
dx x xn
dx x xn
2. What do you mean by numerical differentiation.

3. Show that the divided difference operator is linear

4. Why is Trapezoidal rule so called?
5. State the formula for trapezoidal rule of integration.
6. Write Simpsons 3 /8 rule , assuming 3n intervals.
7. State Simpsons one third rule .
8. In numerical integration , what should be the number of intervals to apply Simpsons
one third rule and Simpsons three eighths rule.
9. Compare trapezoidal rule and Simpsons one third rule.
10. Write down the order of the errors of Simpsons one third rule.
11. Write down the order of the errors of trapezoidal rule.
12. Compare Simpsons 3 /8 rule and Simpsons one third rule.
13. State the formula for 2 point Gaussian quadrature.

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14. Using two point Gaussian quadrature formula , evaluate

1
1

15. Using two point Gaussian quadrature formula , evaluate

1 x

1 x

dx

dx

16. Write down the abscissa and weights of the three point Gaussian integration.
1

17. Apply Simpsons 1 /3

rd

rule to find I =

1 x 2 dx taking h = 0.1

18. State Rombergs integration formula to find the value of I =

f ( x)dx using h & h / 2.

a

19. Evaluate

f ( x)dx from the table by Simpsons 3/8

th

rule x : 1

f(x) : 1

27

64

20. Find f (x) using Newtons divided difference method.

PART B
1.(i) A Jet fighters position on an air craft carries runway was timed during landing
t ,sec : 1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
y , m : 7.989 8.403
8.781
9.129
9.451
9.750
10.031
where y is the distance from end of carrier the velocity and acceleration at t = 1.0 , t = 1.6

(ii) By dividing the range into 10 equal parts , evaluate sin xdx using Simpsons 1/3 rule.
0

2.(i) Obtain first and second derivative of y at x = 0.96 from the data
x:
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
y:
0.7825 0.7739 0.7651
0.7563
0.7473
6

1 x

(ii) Evaluate

dx , using trapezoidal rule and Simpsons 3 / 8th rules.

3.(i) The table given below reveals the velocity of the body during the time t specified .Find
its acceleration at t =1.1
t : 1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
v: 43.1
47.7 52.1 56.4 60.8
2.4 4.4

(ii) Evaluate

xy dx dy using Simpsons 1/3

2

rd

rule, divide the range into 4 equal parts.

4.(i) Using the given data find f ( 5 )and f (6)

x: 0 2
3
4
7
9
f (x) : 4 26 58
112
466
992

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(ii) Evaluate (i)

dx dy

x y

h = k = 0.25 using trapezoidal, Simpsons rule .

5. (i) From the following table find the value of x for which f (x) is maximum
x:
60
75
90
105
120
f(x):
28.2 38.2 43.2 40.9 37.7
1.5

(ii) Apply Gaussian three point formula to find

r 2

dr

0.2

6.(i) Find the value of f (8) from the table given below
x: 6
7
9
12
f(x) : 1.556
1.690 1.908
2.158
1.4

2.4

xy dx dy using trapezoidal, Simpsons rule .

(ii) Evaluate

7. (i) Evaluate
0

dx dy

1 x y

using trapezoidal, Simpsons rule .

dy
d2y
and
at x = 3.5 from the data given below by Newtons backward
dx
dx 2
difference formula x : 1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
y : 3 . 375
7
13.625 24 38.875
59
/
//
8.(i) Obtain f (0.02 ) and f (0.05)
x : 0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
y : 0.1023
0.1047
0.1071
0.1096
0.1122
0.1148

(ii) Calculate

(ii) Apply Gaussian three point formula to find

dt

1 t

9.(i) Given that x : 1.1

y : 8.403

1.2
8.781

1.3

1.4

1.5

9.129

9.451

9.75 find

(ii)Apply Gaussian three point formula to find

dy
d2y
and
at x = 1.1
dx
dx 2

dx

1 x

10.(i) A river is 80 meter wide the depth d in meters at a distance x meters from one bank
is given below. Calculate the area of the cross section of the river using Simpson rule
x:0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
d:0
4
7
9
12
15
14
8
3
3
(ii) Find the first second derivative of the function f ( x) = x 9x -14 at x = 3.0 using the
values given below x : 3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
f(x) : -14 -10.03 -5.296
-0.256
-6.672
14

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UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
PART-A
1 Define initial value problems
2. Explain the terms initial and final value problems
dy
3. State the Taylor series formula to find y (x1) for solving
f ( x, y), y( x0 ) y 0
dx
4. Find Taylors series upto x3 terms satisfying
5. Solve numerically

dy
x y when
dx

using Taylor series upto

with

6. State Eulers iteration formula for ordinary differential equation

dy
7. Using Eulers method, find
if
taking
x2 y2 ,
dx
8. Using Eulers method find
9. Using Eulers method , solve

given that
dy
y x 2 given
dx

10.Using Eulers method find y at x = 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 given that

, for

.Take

dy
1 2 xy y(0) = 0 with h = 0.2.
dx

dy
f ( x, y), y( x0 ) y 0
dx
12. Use modified Eulers method to find y (0.4) given

11. State the Eulers modified formula for solving

dy
x y y(0) = 1, h = 0.1
dx
14. Write down the Runge Kutta method of order 4 for solving initial value problems in
ordinary differential equation
15. Use R-K method of second order to find y (0.4) given
13 .Apply fourth order Runge Kutta method to find y(0.1) given

16 Explain one step methods and multi step methods

17. State Adams predictor corrector formula

18. Write Milnes predictor corrector formula
19. What is predictor corrector method?
20. Mention the multi step methods available for solving ordinary differential equation
PART- B
dy
1.(i)Solve
log 10 ( x y ) y(0) = 2 By Euler modified method to find the values of y(0.2) y(0.4)
dx
and y(0.6) by taking h = 0.2.

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(ii) Using Runge-kutta method of 4th solve the following equation taking each step h = 0.1

dy 4t
t. y given y(0) = 3 calculate y at x = 0.1 and 0.2.
dx y

dy
2.(i) Using Taylor series method find y at x = 0.1 given
2 y 3e x y(0) = 0.
dx
for

(ii) Solve 2y x y = 0 given y(0) = 2 , y(0.5) = 2.636, y(1) = 3.595, y(1.5) = 4.968 to get y(2)
by Adams method.
3.(i) Using Taylor series method find correct to 4 decimal places the value of y(0.1) given

dy
x 2 y 2 y(0) =1.
dx
dy
(ii) Obtain y(0.6) given
x y ,y(0) = 1 using h = 0.2 by Adams method if
dx
y(-0.2) = .8373, y(0.2) = 1.2427, and y(0.4) = 1.5834.
4.(i) Using Eulers method , solve numerically the equation y = x + y, y(0) = 1
for x = 0.0 (0.2) (1.0). Check your answer with the exact solution.
(ii) Solve and find y(2) by Milnes method

dy 1
( x y ) , given y(0) = 2 , y(0.5) = 2.636,
dx 2

y(1.0) = 3.595 and y(1.5) = 4.968.

5.(i) Using modified Euler methods find y(0.1) and y(0.2) given
(ii) Given

dy
x 2 y 2 y(0) =1and h = 0.1
dx

dy
x 2 (1 y ) y(1) = 1 , y(1.1) = 1.233, y(1.2) = 1.548 , y(1.3) = 1.979, evaluate y(1.4)
dx

By Adams Bashforth predictor corrector method

6.(i) Apply modified Euler method to find y(0.2) and y(0.4) given y = x2 + y2, y(0) = 1, h = 0.2.
(ii) Use Milnes method find y(0.4) given

dy
xy y 2 y(0) = 1 , using Taylor series method
dx

find y(0.1) , y(0.2) and y(0.3)

7.(i) Using Runge kutta method of order 4 solve y -2y +2y = e2x sinx, with y(0) = -0.4,
y(0) = -0.6 to find y(0.2).
(ii) Given

dy 1
1 x 2 y 2 and y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.06, y(0.2) = 1.12, y( 0.3) = 1.21, evaluate y(0.4)
dx 2

by Milnes predictor corrector method.

8(i) Solve

dy
y x 2 , y(0) = 1. Find y(0.1) and y(0.2) by R-K method of fourth order , find y(0.3)
dx

by Eulers method , find y(0.4) by Milnes method.

(ii) Using Milnes method find y(4.4) given 5xy + y2 2 = 0given y(4) = 1; y(4.1) = 1.0049;
y(4.2) = 1.0097 ; and y(4.3) 1.0143.
9. (i) Using Taylor series method find the value of y at x = 0.1 and 0.2to 4 decimal places given

dy
x 2 y 1 y(0) =1.
dx

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(ii) Given

dy
xy y 2 y(0) =1,y(0.1) = 1.1169, y(0.2) = 1.2773, y(0.3) = 1.5049, evaluate y(0.4)
dx

by Milnes method

dy y 2 x 2
10(i) Using Runge-kutta method of 4 solve
given that y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2 and 0.4

dx y 2 x 2
th

(ii)Given

dy
xy y 2 y(0) =1,y(0.1) = 1.1169, y(0.2) = 1.2773, y(0.3) = 1.5049,
dx

evaluate y(0.4) by Milnes method.

************************************
UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS

1.

PART-A
Define difference quotient of a function y (x)

d2y
and state the order of truncation error
dx 2
d2y
3y 2
3. Write down the finite difference scheme for the differential equation
dx 2
d2y
y5
4. Obtain the finite difference scheme for the differential equation 2
dx 2
2. State the finite difference approximation for

5. Express y (x) + a(x) y(x) + b(x) y(x) = f(x) in terms of difference quotients
6. Write standard five point formula and diagonal five point formula used in solving Laplace
equation Uxx + U yy = 0 at the point ( ix , jy)
7. Write down Laplaces equation and its finite difference analogue and the standard five
point formula
8. Write down the diagonal five point formula in Laplace equation
9. Write down the two dimensional Laplaces equation and Poissons equation
10. Write down Poissons equation and its finite difference analogue
11. What is the order of error in solving Laplace and Poissons equation by using finite
difference method?
12. Write down the finite difference scheme for solving the Poissons equation
13. State one dimensional heat equation and its boundary conditions
14. Name at least two numerical methods that are used to solve one dimensional diffusion
equation
15. State the implicit finite difference scheme for one dimensional heat equation
16. What is Bender Schmidt recurrence equation? For what purpose it is used?
17. Write down one dimensional wave equation and its boundary conditions
18. State the explicit formula for the one dimensional wave equation with 1 2 a2 = 0 where =
k / h and a2 = T /m

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2
2u
2 u

19. State explicit finite difference scheme for one dimensional wave equation
t 2
x 2

20. Derive Crank Nicholson scheme

PART-B
1(i) Solve the boundary value problem x2 y 2y +x = 0 subject to y(2) =0 = y(3) , find y (2.25 ) by
finitie difference method
(ii) Solve : 2 u 4x y in the region given 0 x 4, 0 y 4 with all boundaries kept

at 0oand choosing x =y =1. Start with zero vector and do 4 Gauss seidel iterations.
2.(i) Solve ytt = 4yxx subject to the condition y(0,t) = 0; y(2,t) = 0; y(x,0) = x(2-x) ; ut(x,0) = 0, Do 4
steps. Find the values upto 2 decimal accuracy.
(ii) Solve u(x, 0) = 3x 0 x 4, u(x,4) = x2 0 x 4, u(0,y) = 0 0 x 4,
u(4,y) = 12 + y 0 x 4,
3.(i) Solve y = x + y with the conditions y(0) = y(1) = 0 by finite difference method, taking h = 0.25

2 x , when 0 x 2.5
2 u 2 u u
(ii) 25 2 2 ,
( x,0) 0 u(0, t ) 0 , u(5, t ) 0 and u( x,0)
t
x
t
10 2 x, when 2.5 x 5
by the method derived above taking h =1 and for one period of vibration , ( i.e. up to t =2)
4.(i) Solve the Laplace equation Uxx+ Uyy = 0 for the square mesh with the boundary values , using
Leibmanns method correct to integers
0 100
200
100 0

0 100 200
100 0
5. (i)Solve the elliptic equation Uxx + Uyy = 0 for the following square mesh with boundary values
as shown , using Liebmans iteration procedure .
0

11.1 17 19.7

8.7 12.1 12.8

18.6

6.(i) Solve Uxx + Uyy = 0 over the square mesh of side 4 units, satisfying the following conditions
u(x, 0) = 3x 0 x 4, u(x,4) = x2 0 x 4, u(0,y) = 0 0 x 4, u(4,y) = 12 + y 0 x 4,
7.(i) Solve the equation 2 u 10 ( x 2 y 2 10 ) over the square mesh with sides x = 0, y = 0 ,
x = 3 and y = 3 with u = 0 on the boundary and mesh length is 1.

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u
2u
4 2 and the boundary
8(i) Find the value of u( x, t ) satisfying the parabolic equation
t
x
2
x
conditions u(0,t) = 0 , u(8,t) = 0 and u(x,0) = 4x at x = i, i = 0,1,2.7and t = 1/8j j = 0,1,2,3
2
y (2.5 ) and y (2.75)
(ii) Solve : Uxx + Uyy =0 given
A
1

2u 2u
2 0 x 1 subject to the initial
t 2
x
conditions u ( 0 ,t ) = 0 , u ( 1 , t ) =0 , ut(x,0) = 0 , u( x ,0 ) = sin x , 0 x 1,

9(i) Find the solution of initial boundary value problem

(ii) Solve :

u 2 u
2 , given u ( 0 ,t ) = 0 , u ( 4 , t ) =0 , u( x ,0 ) = x ( 4 x ) , assuming h = k =1
t
x

Find the value of u upto t =1.5

u 2 u
2 given u ( 0 ,t ) = 0 , u ( 5 , t ) =0 ,
10(i) Using Bender Schimidt formula solve :
t
x
u( x ,0 ) = x2 ( 25 x2 ) , assuming x =1 .Find the value of u upto t =5
(ii) Solve by Crank Nicholsons method the equation 16 Ut =Uxx 0 <x <1 and t > 0subject to
u(x , 0) = 0 , u ( 0,t )=0 and u ( 1 ,t ) =100 t .Compute one time step , taking x =

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