Mix ratio for M20 grade: ratio is 1:1.5:3 then volume is 1+1.5+3=5.

5 and the totalvolume for using

mix=1.57 m3 then cement required=1/5.5*1.57=0.285m3 *1440=411 kg.(8+bag) sandrequried=1.
5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3aggregaterequir ed=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3 the standard volume of dry mix
mortar=1.57.. U can checkit in IS code also.

Design Mix:
M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)
Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3
M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3
M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water 185 -20.5 = 164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml
M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture (170.80+15.20)

M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)

Cement : 410 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 735 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 200 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 = 185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%
M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39) Cement : 430 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 718 Kg/ M 3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulkage 1%
M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 727 Kg/ M 3 + Bulkage 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 689 Kg/ M 3 + Bulkage 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement
share it..........

SI units
Appendix 1: 1 The seven base units in the International System of Units (Sl)
Quantity

Name of base Sl Unit

Symbol

Length

metre

Mass

kilogram

kg

Time

second

Electric current

ampere

Thermodynamic temperature

kelvin

Amount of substance

mole

mol

Luminous intensity

candela

cd

Appendix 1: 2 Some derived Sl-units with their symbol/derivation

Quantity

common

Unit

Symbol

Derivation

Sl-base unit

symbol
Term

Term

Length

a, b, c

metre

Area

square metre

Volume

cubic metre

Mass

kilogramme

kg

Density

(rho)

kilogramme per cubic metre

kg/m

Force

Newton

IN = 1 kgm/s2

Weight force

Newton

9.80665N = 1 kgf

Time

second

Sl-base unit

Velocity

metre per second

m/s

Acceleration

meter per second per second

m/ s2

Frequency (cycles per

second)

Hertz

Hz

Bending moment

Newton metre

Nm

Pressure

P. F

Newton per square metre

N/m

Stress

(sigma)

Newton per square metre

N/ m

Work, energy

Joule

IJ = INm

Power

Watt

IW = IJ/s

Quantity of heat

Joule

Sl-base unit

IHz = Ic/s

IMN/m =
IN/mm

Thermodynamic
temperature

Kelvin

Specific heat capacity

Joule per kilogram degree Kelvin J/ kg x o K

Thermal conductivity

Watt per metre degree Kelvin

W/m x o K

Coefficient of heat

Watt per square metre Kelvin

w/ m x o K

Appendix 1: 3 Multiples and sub multiples of Sl-Units commonly used in

construction theory
Factor

Prefix

Symbol

106

mega

103

kilo

(102

hecto

h)

(10

deka

da)

(10 1

deci

d)

(l0 2

centi

c)

10 3

milk

10 6

micro

Prefix in brackets should be avoided.

Conversion tables
Practical values for use in everyday calculations
Note, the conversion factors marked * are exact
Appendix II.I Length
m

inch

foot

yard

1*

39.3701

3.2808

1.0936

0.0254$

1*

0.0833

0.0278

0.3048*

12

1*

0.3333

0.9144*

36

1*

1km = 0.6214 miles

Sl-base unit

Appendix II:2 Area

m

cm

mm

in2

ft2

yd2

acre

1*

10.000

106*

1550.0031

10.7639

1.196

0.2471 x 10-3 0,1 x 10-3

0.1 x 10-3

1*

100*

0155

1.0764 x 10-3 1 1 96 x
103

10-6*

0.01*

1*

1.55 x 10-3

10.7639 x 10- 1.196 x 106 0.2471 x 10-9 0,1 X 10-9*

24 71 x 10-9

ha

0.1 X 10-6*

0.64516 x
10-3

6.4516*

0.09290304* 929.0304

645.16*
92903.044

1*
144*

6.9444 x 10-3 0.7716 X

10-3

0.1594 x 10-6 64.516 x 10

1*

22.9568 x 10- 9.2903 x 10

0.1111

0.83612736* 8361.2736

0.8361 x 106 1296*

9*

1*

0.2066 x 10-3 83.6136 x

10-6

4046.8561

40.4685 x io6 4.0469 x 109 6272640*

43560*

4840*

1*

0.4047

100000*

100 x 106

107639.1

11959.9

2.4711

1*

109

15.5 x 106

Appendix II: 3 Volume

m

cm

in3

ft3

yd3

* 106

61023.744

35.3147

1.3080

10-6

1*

0.0610

35.3146 x 10-5

1.3080x 10-6

16.387 x 10-6

16.387064*

1*

0.5787 x 10-3

21.4334 x 10-6

0.0283

28316.847

1728*

1*

0.0320

0.7646

764554.86

46656*

27*

1*

Appendix II:4 Mass

kg

pound

1*

1000*

2.2046

oz
35.274
-3

0.001*

1*

2.205 x 10

0.0353

0.45359237*

453.5924

1*

16*

0.0283

28.3495

0.0625*

1*

Appendix II: 5 Density

kg/m

lb/ ft3

lb/ in3

1*

0.0624

3.6106 x 10-5

16.0185

1*

5.787 x 10-4

27679.906

1728*

1*

kgf (=kp)

Lbf

1*

0.102

0.2248

9.80665*

1*

0.2246

4.4482

0.4536

1*

Appendix II:6 Force

Appendix II: 7 Pressure and Stress

mm Hg

UK ton-force/in2

Pound force/in2

(0C)

(tonf/in2)

(LBF/in2 (= psi))

1*

7.5006 x 10-3

64.7488 x 10-9

0.145 x 10-3

133.322

1*

115841.53

0.0193

06

8.6325 x l0-6

1*

2239.4237

6894.76

51.7283

446.543 K 10 6

1*

Pa = N/m

Appendix II: 8 Velocity

m/s

km/in

ft/s

mile/hr

1*

3.6*

3.2808

2.2369

0.2778

1*

0.9113

0.6214

0.3048*

1.0973

Appendix V: 3 Dimensions and Properties of Steel I Beams

Nominal Mass
size
per
metre

Depth Width Thickness

of
of
sectio sectio

Radius

Depth Area
betwe of
en
secti

nD

nB

fillets
d

on

Web t Flange Root r1 Toe r2

T
mm

kg

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm

254 x 203 81.85

254.0

203.2

10.2

19.9

19.6

9.7

166.0

104.4

254X 114 37.20

254.0

114.3

7.6

12.8

12.4

6.1

199.2

47.4

203 x 152 52.09

203.2

152.4

8.9

16.5

15.5

7.6

133.2

66.4

203X 102 25.33

203.2

101.6

5.8

10.4

9.4

3.2

161.0

32.3

178 x 102 21.54

177.8

101.6

5.3

9.0

9.4

3.2

138.2

27.4

152X 127 37.20

152.4

127.0

10.4

13.2

13.5

6.6

94.3

47.5

152 x 89

17.09

152.4

88.9

4.9

8.3

7.9

2.4

117.7

21.8

152 x 76

17.86

152.4

76.2

5.8

Dimensions and Properties of Steel I Beams

Nominal size Mass per
metre

Depth of Width of Thickness

section D section B

Radius

Web t

Flange T

Root r1

Toe r2

Depth
between
fillets d

Area o
section

mm

kg

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

cm

254 x 203

81.85

254.0

203.2

10.2

19.9

19.6

9.7

166.0

104.4

254X 114

37.20

254.0

114.3

7.6

12.8

12.4

6.1

199.2

47.4

203 x 152

52.09

203.2

152.4

8.9

16.5

15.5

7.6

133.2

66.4

203X 102

25.33

203.2

101.6

5.8

10.4

9.4

3.2

161.0

32.3

178 x 102

21.54

177.8

101.6

5.3

9.0

9.4

3.2

138.2

27.4

152X 127

37.20

152.4

127.0

10.4

13.2

13.5

6.6

94.3

47.5

152 x 89

17.09

152.4

88.9

4.9

8.3

7.9

2.4

117.7

21.8

152 x 76

17.86

152.4

76.2

5.8

9.6

9.4

4.6

111.9

22.8

127 x 114

29.76

127.0

114.3

10.2

11.5

9.9

4.8

79.4

37.3

127 x 114 .

26.79

127.0

114.3

7.4

11.4

9.9

5.0

79.5

34.1

127 x 76

16.37

127.0

76.2

5.6

9.6

9.4

4.6

86.5

21.0

127 x 76

13.36

127.0

76.2

4.5

7.6

7.9

2.4

94.2

17.0

114 x 114

26.79

114.3

114.3

9.5

10.7

14.2

3.2

60.8

34.4

102X 102

23.07

101.6

101.6

9.5

10.3

11.1

3.2

55.1

29.4

102 x 64

9.65

101.6

63.5

4.1

6.6

6.9

2.4

73.2

12.3

102 x 44

7 44

101.6

44.4

4.3

6.1

6.9

3.3

74.7

9.5

89 x 89

19.35

88.9

88.9

9.5

9.9

11.1

3.2

44.1

24.9

76x 76

14.67

76.2

80.0

8.9

8.4

9.4

4.6

38.0

19.1

76 x 76

12.65

76.2

76.2

5.1

8.4

9.4

4.6

37.9

16.3

Appendix V:3 Continued: Joists, Dimension and Properties

Miminal

Moment of inertia

size

Axis x-x

Radius of gyration

Elastic Modulus

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Axis x-x

Axis y-y

Ratio D/T

Gross

Net

mm

cm4

cm4

cm4

cm

cm

cm

cm4

254 x 203

12016

10527

2278

10.7

4.67

946.1

224.3

12.8

254x 114

5092

4243

270.1

10.4

2.39

401.0

47.19

19.8

203 x 152

4789

4177

813.2

8.48

3.51

471.4

106.7

12.3

203 x 102

2294

2024

162.6

8.43

2.25

225.8

32.02

19.6

178 x 102

1519

1339

139.2

7.44

2.25

170.9

27.41

19.7

152 x 127

1818

1627

378.8

6.20

2.82

238.7

59.65

11.5

152 x 89

881.1

762.6

85.98

6.36

1.99

115.6

19.34

18.4

152 x 76

873.7

736.2

60.77

6.20

1.63

114.7

15.90

15.9

127X 114

979.0

800.9

241.9

5.12

2.55

154.2

42.32

11.0

127X 114

944.8

834.6

235.4

5.26

2.63

148.8

41.19

11.2

127 x 76

569.4

476.1

60.35

5.21

1.70

89.66

15.90

13.3

127 x 76

475.9

400.0

50.18

5.29

1.72

74.94

13.17

16.7

114X 114

735.4

651.2

223.1

4.62

2.54

128.6

39.00

10.7

102 x 102

486.1

425.1

154.4

4.06

2.29

95.72

30.32

9.9

102 x 64

217.6

182.2

25.30

4.21

1.43

42.84

7.97

15.4

102 x 44

152.3

126.9

7.91

4.01

0.91

30.02

3.44

16.7

89 x 89

306.7

263.7

101.1

3.51

2.01

69.04

22.78

9.0

76 x 76

171.9

144.1

60.77

3.00

1.78

45.06

15.24

9.1

76x 76

158.6

130.7

52.03

3.12

1.78

41.62

13.60

9.1

In calculating the net movement of inertia, one hole is deducted from each range.
Psychrometric chart sea level
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NORMAL TEMPERATURES Sl METRIC UNITS Barometric
Pressure 101.325 kPa SEA LEVEL

Psychrometric chart 750m above sea level

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NORMAL TEMPERATURES Sl METRIC UNITS Barometric
Pressure 92.600 kPa 750m Above Sea Level

Psychrometric chart 1500m above sea level

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NORMAL TEMPERATURES Sl METRIC UNITS Barometric
Pressure 84.600 kPa 1500m Above SEA LEVEL

Typical properties of cohesionless materials

Appendix V: 7 Typical Properties of Cohesionless materials
Material

Angle of Shearing

Specific

Resistance (deg)

Mass ( kg/m)

Gravel

35 - 45

16 - 20

Sand - loose

25 - 35

17 - 19

- compact

30 - 40

18 - 21

Organic Topsoil

15 - 30

13 - 18

Broken Brick

35 - 45

1 1-16

Ashes and Clinker

35 - 45

6 - 10

Maize Corn

30

7-8

Rice

30 - 45

5-6

Millet

30 - 45

6-7

Soya

30

7 - 8.5

Potatoes

35

Fertilizer (General)

35

10

Multiplied by 10
Typical specific mass of materials
Appendix V: 8 Typical Specific Mass of Materials
Material

Specific Mass ( kg/m) *

Concrete - Unreinforced

23

- Reinforced

24

- Lightweight

7 - 15

Masonry - granite

26

- limestone

20 - 26

- sandstone

21 - 25

- slate

25 - 28

Brickwork

12 - 20

Timber
- softwoods

4-7

- hardwoods

6 - 12

Steel

Multiplied by 102
Typical allowable bearing capacities
Appendix V: 9 Typical Allowable Bearing Capacities
Material

Allowable Bearing
Capacity (kN/m)

Plain concrete

2000 - 6000

Masonry or brickwork

1500 - 5000

Compact sands and gravels

300 - 600

Loose sands and gravels

150 - 400

Solid non-fissured rocks

600 - 3000

Hard clays and soft rocks

300 - 600

Stiff clays and sandy clays

150 - 300

Firm clays and sandy days

75 - 150

Soft clays and silts

0 - 75

Fill and made ground

Variable

Note: The above values for soils apply where the foundation is 1m or more wide and
at a depth of at least 0.6m. The allowable bearing capacity is about one-third of the
ultimate bearing capacity.

10 Typical Strength Properties and Allowable Stresses (N/mm)

Mild-Steel Sections
Youngs Modulus (E)

206,000

Tension or compression stress

in bending

155 -165

Axial tension

155 (depends on
slenderness ratio)

Bearing

190

Shear

115

Mild-Steel Rivets and Bolts

Axial tension: rivets

100

bolts

120

Shear: rivets

90 -100

bolts

80

Bearing
(double shear): rivets

265 - 315

bolts

200

Timber (Green > 18% Moisture)

Softwoods (values in
thousands)

Hardwood

Young Modulus (E)

4 - 12

5 - 19

Bending or tension parallel to grain

3 -1 1

4 - 27

Compression paralled to grain

21/2 - 81/2

4 - 27

Compression perpendicular to grain

3/4

- 11/2

11/2 - 51/2

Shear parallel to grain

1/2

-11/4

3/4

- 3 1/2

Extracts from B.S. 499 and C.P. 112 are reproduced by permission of the British
Standards Institution. Complete copies of the standard can be obtained from them at
Linform Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, England.
Number of pens required for pig housing
Appendix Vl: Number of pens and stalls required in breeding pig units of various sizes (Choose
values at the upper part of the intervals given where management, housing and production
performance is of good standard and the intensity in the production is high