Scribd
Upload
320 views

2425 Formulas

1) This document provides physics formulas for kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, oscillations, waves, fluids, thermodynamics, and electricity and magnetism. 2) Key formulas include those for work (W), kinetic energy (K), gravitational potential energy (U), the work-energy theorem, linear momentum (p), angular momentum (L), torque (τ), simple harmonic motion, and the ideal gas law. 3) SI units are used and many formulas include the definitions and relationships between fundamental and derived physics quantities like position, velocity, acceleration, force, work, energy, and power.

Uploaded by

sonu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
320 views

2425 Formulas

1) This document provides physics formulas for kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, oscillations, waves, fluids, thermodynamics, and electricity and magnetism. 2) Key formulas include those for work (W), kinetic energy (K), gravitational potential energy (U), the work-energy theorem, linear momentum (p), angular momentum (L), torque (τ), simple harmonic motion, and the ideal gas law. 3) SI units are used and many formulas include the definitions and relationships between fundamental and derived physics quantities like position, velocity, acceleration, force, work, energy, and power.

Uploaded by

sonu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Wgrav = -m g Dy (work done by gravity)

Physics 2425 - Formula List

W = x f F HxL x (variable force in 1D)


i

1D Kinematics
General 1D Motion: x as a function of t
v = Dx .
Dt

v = x ,
t

a = Dv .
Dt

Springs: Hooke's Law and Work


F = -k x (Hooke's Law), W = - 1 k Jx2f - xi2 N

a = v
t

Work-Energy Theorem

Constant Vel.: xHtL = x0 + v t D x = v t

Wnet = DK

Wnet (net work). K = 1 m v2 (kinetic energy)

Constant Acc.: vHtL = v0 + a t and xHtL = x0 + v0 t + 1 a t2

v = v0 + a t

D x = 1 Hv0 + vL t

F is conservative 0 = F r
conservative forces DU = -W (U is potential energy)

D x = v0 t + 1 a t2

v2 - v20 = 2 a D x

Gravity: U = m g y

Spring: U = 1 k x2
2

Free Fall : x y Hy is upL and a = -g

Wnc is work of all nonconservative forces.

General Vectors A = Ax x` +Ay y` = YAx , Ay ]

E = Emech = Ktot + Utot Ei +Wnc = E f , Wnc= 0 Ei = E f

Mag. & Dir. angle Components Ax = A cos q and Ay = A sin q .

Wnc = 0 , one mass, gravity is only cons. force


Ebottom = Etop v2bottom = v2top + 2 g h

Components Mag. & Dir. angle


tan-1 K
A2x + A2y and q =

A=

Ay
Ax

Power:  = W = F v

for Ax > 0

Ay
180 + tan-1 K O for Ax < 0
Ax

Potential Energy Force

r as a function of t

General 2D Kinematics

D r r
v=
, v=
, a = D v , a = v , Ave. Speed = Total Distance
Dt

Dt

Total Time

Constant Acc.: vHtL = v0 + a t and rHtL = r0 + v0 t + 1 a t2


2

Projectiles
Horizontal: ax = 0 vx is const.

R=

3D: Fx = - U , Fy = - U , Fz = - U
x

Momentum and Impulse-Momentum Theorem


tf

p = m v (mom.) I = ti F t (impulse)

F net Dt = I net = D p = m Iv f - vi M

Vertical: ay = -g

Center of Mass for a System of Particles


r = 1

Discrete :
M = i mi
i mi ri
cm

v0x = v0 cos q and v0y = v0 sin q.


v0 2

1D: F = - U,

r = 1 r m

cm

Continuous : M = m

sinH2 qL, (R = Dx when Dy = 0)

Second Law for a Particle and System

Relative Motion v = v + v0
Newton's Laws
First Law: v is const., unless net force.

particle :

Second Law: F net = m a


Third Law: F 12 = -F 21

ptot = m1 v1 +m2 v2 + ... = M vcm

F net = m a

system : F ext
net = M acm

F net = p

t
ext

F net =
p
t tot

Conservation of Momentum

Weight Mass: W = m g
Friction between surfaces fs ms N (static), fk = mk N (kinetic)
Circular Motion
2
2
Uniform Circular Motion: ac = v , Also v = 2 p r ac = J 2 p N r

F ext
net = 0 D ptot = 0 ptot,i = ptot, f
ext
Fnet,x = 0 Dptot,x = 0 ptot,i,x = ptot, f ,x
Collisions
ptot,i = ptot, f m1 v1i + m2 v2i = m1 v1 f + m2 v2 f

General Circular Motion: ac = v , at = v


r
t

Elastic Ktot,i = Ktot, f

Accelerated Frames gart = -a (artificial gravity)


accelerated frame false force opposite acc.

1D Elastic trick: Ktot,i = Ktot, f v1i +v1 f = v2i +v2 f


Totally Inelastic: v1 f = v2 f = v f m1 v1i + m2 v2i = Hm1 + m2 L v f

Dot or Scalar Product


A B = A B cos q where A =

General Rotations about fixed axis:


A2x + A2y + A2z

A B = A x B x + A y B y + Az Bz
Work

W = F r

const. force: W = F Dx (1D) W = F D r (2D or 3D)

w = Dq ,
Dt

w = q ,
t

a = Dw ,
Dt

a = w
t

Constant Angular Accelation


w = w0 + a t

Dq = 1 Hw + w0 L t

Dq = w0 t + 1 a t2

w2 - w20 = 2 a Dq

Rotational and Linear Quantities


v = r w u` t or vt = r w , vc = 0
a = r a u` +w2 r u` or a = r a , a = w2 r

mi m j
Two masses: U = -G M m , Several masses: U = -G i< j

a = 0 w = const = 2 p

Escape speed: vesc =

Moment of Inertia
I for a distribution - r is dist. from axis

2
Circular Orbits v2 = G M and T 2 = 4 p r3

Discrete: I = mi r2i ,

2
Simple Harmonic Motion 2x = -w2 x, w = 2 p f = 2 p
T
t
v
x HtL = A cos Hw t +fL = x0 cos w t + 0 sin w t
w

Gravitational Potential Energy


r

ri j

Continuous: I = r2 m

Perpendicular-axis Theorem: Planar object in xy-plane: Iz = Ix + Iy


Parallel-axis Theorem: I = Icm + M d2

GM

1
k A2
2
1
1
2
2
Energy E = m v + k x = :
(mass/spring)
1
2
2
m v2max
2

Moments for uniform bodies:


Thin rod about axis
thru. end: I = 1 M L2 , thru. center: I = 1 M L2
3

2GM
R

12

a b rectangular plate about axis thru. center: I = 1 M Ia2 + b2 M


12

Sphere about axis thru. center:

v = w

A2 - x2 and vmax = w A (in general)

Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

thin shelled hollow: I = 2 M R2 ,


3

solid: I = 2 M R2
5
Hoop about axis thru. center: I = M R2

Mass/Spring: w =

(same as thin-shelled hollow cylinder)

Simple Pendulum: w =

Disk about axis thru. center: I = 1 M R2 (same as solid cylinder)


2

1D Wave Equation

Rotational Energy
K = 1 I w2 , U = M g ycm , Ktot = 1 Icm w2 + 1 M v2cm
2
2
2
`
Cross or Vector Product AB = u A B sin q , right hand rule fl u`
x` y` z`
A y Az
A x Az ` A x A y
-y`
+z
AB = Ax Ay Az = x`
B y Bz
B x Bz
Bx By
B x B y Bz

km

Physical Pendulum: w =

m g dI
gL
2
2
u = 12 2 u
v t
x2

General Solution: u Hx, tL = f Hx -v tL +g Hx +v tL


Sinusoidal Waves u Hx, tL = A cos Hk x w t +fL
l = 2p,
k

f = w ,
2p

v= fl= w
k

Waves on a String u Hx, tL fl yHx, tL


Speed: v =

T m where T = Tension, Power:  = 1 m v w2 A2


2

Torque

Temperature Scales

About Origin: t = r F, About Axis: t = r F = r F = r F sin q


Torque due to gravity: t gravity = rcm M g

TF = 9 TC +32, DT F = 9 DT C , TK = TC + 273

Angular Momentum of Particle


About Origin: L = r p, About Axis: L = r p = r p = r p sin q
General Rigid Body Dynamics
2nd Law: tnet = I a and tnet = L
t

Ltot
t ext
net =
t

Equilibrium F net = 0 and t net = 0


Newton's Law of Gravity
r12

ri
r`

Continuous Distribution: F = -G m 2 m
r
Sph. Shell: F = G M2m Hr > RL, F = 0 Hr < RL
r
g = G M2 (at surface of spherical planet)
R

Ideal Gas Law P V = N k T and P V = n R T


n = # of moles, N = NA n = # of molecules
Masses: mtot = n mmole = N mmolecule

Entropy

m m
Vector: F 21 = -G 12 2 r` 12

m
Discrete Distribution: F = -G m 2i r` i

Heat Q = Heat added to system


Q = m c DT (Temp. change), Q = m L (phase change)

First Law
D U = Q -W, U = dQ -dW, Hd is inexact differentialL

t ext
net = 0 D Ltot = 0 (Conservation)

m m
Magnitude: F = G 1 2 2 ,
r

Work W = P V = Area (done by system)


Constant P: W = P DV ,
Ideal gas at constant T: W = n R T ln HVf Vi L

Angular Momentum: L = I w
System of Particles

S =

Const. T: DS =

dQ
dQ
DS =
T
T

Q
, Changing T: DS = m c ln
T

Tf
Ti

Second Law For a thermally isolated system: DStot 0


Q
Heat Engines QH = QC + W, Efficiency: e = W = 1 - C
Q
Q
H

T
Max. Eff.: emax = 1 - C (Carnot Engine is H.E. of max. eff.)
TH

You might also like