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2014 Lecture 1 Ceramics

This document provides an overview of ceramics. It begins by defining ceramics as inorganic, non-metallic materials produced through heat treatment. Ceramics encompass traditional clay-based materials as well as advanced materials used in high-technology applications. The document outlines various ceramic properties including high melting temperatures and hardness. It also categorizes ceramics based on their bonding, crystal structure, and function. Examples of traditional ceramic applications like pottery and bricks are given along with modern uses in electronics, sensors, and medical implants. Evaluation criteria and references for further reading are also included.

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Abdul Rahman Mariscal
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72 views

2014 Lecture 1 Ceramics

This document provides an overview of ceramics. It begins by defining ceramics as inorganic, non-metallic materials produced through heat treatment. Ceramics encompass traditional clay-based materials as well as advanced materials used in high-technology applications. The document outlines various ceramic properties including high melting temperatures and hardness. It also categorizes ceramics based on their bonding, crystal structure, and function. Examples of traditional ceramic applications like pottery and bricks are given along with modern uses in electronics, sensors, and medical implants. Evaluation criteria and references for further reading are also included.

Uploaded by

Abdul Rahman Mariscal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

CERAMICS

MSE 116

ACCESS FOR CONSULTATIONS


1. Email:

[email protected]

2. Telephone:
a) cell phone: 0905-270-0330
b) landlines: 8372071 local 2203 (O)
529-6860 (H)
3. Office address:
Materials Science Division
Industrial Technology Development Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Bicutan, Taguig, M.M.

COURSE EVALUATION
long
25%
Midterms
25%
Finals
25%
Quizzes
10%
reports
10%
Others
5%
(term papers, portfolio, etc)
Total
100%

Standing
below 70
70-below 73
73-below 76
76-below 79
79-below 82
82-below 85
85-below 88
88-below 91
91-below 94
Above 94

Grade
5
3
2.75
2.5
2.25
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1

COURSE EVALUATION
long exams
40%
Finals
25%
Quizzes
20%
reports
10%
Others
5%
(term papers, portfolio, etc)
Total
100%

Standing
below 60
60-below 65
66-below 76
76-below 79
79-below 82
82-below 85
85-below 88
88-below 91
91-below 94
Above 94

Grade
5
3
2.75
2.5
2.25
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1

REFERENCES
Introduction to Ceramics by W.D. Kingery, H. K.
Bowen and D. R. Uhlman
Modern Ceramic Engineering by D. W. Richerson
The Chemistry of Ceramics by H. Yanagida, K.
Koumoto and M. Miyayama
Principles of Ceramic Processing by J. S. Reed
Introduction to Fine Ceramics by N. Ichinoso

OVERVIEW
Derive

from the Greek keramos


meaning a potter or a pottery
This Greek word is related to an older
Sankrit root meaning to burn
Primary meaning was burnt stuff and
burned earth
Refer to the art or technique of
producing articles of pottery
6

Product

obtained through the action


of fire upon earthy materials
In recent years increasing interest in
ceramics made from highly refined
natural or synthetic compositions
with special properties
Non-metallic, inorganic solid
materials produced by thermal
treatment
7

Ceramics / Introduction
keramikos - burnt stuff in Greek desirable properties of
ceramics are normally achieved through a high-temperature
heat treatment process (firing).
Usually a compound between metallic and non-metallic
elements.
Always composed of more than one element (e.g.,Al2O3,
NaCl, SiC, SiO2)
Bonds are partially or totally ionic, and can have ionic and
covalent bonding
Ceramics are typically characterized as possessing a high
melting temperature (i.e., refractory),
Generally hard and brittle
Generally electrical and thermal insulators (exceptions:
graphite, diamond, AlN and others)
Can be optically opaque, semi-transparent, or transparent
Traditional ceramics based on clay (china, bricks, tiles, 8
porcelain), glasses.
New ceramics for electronic, computer, aerospace industries.

covalent
polymers

secondary
metallic

metals

ionic

ceramics9

CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS
Traditional ceramics/conventional
Clay based products
Structural ceramics/fine ceramics
Used for their mechanical properties
Functional ceramics/advanced
Used for other properties than mechanical strength,
i.e.
electrical, optical, magnetic properties

10

CERAMICS
Why study ceramic materials?
Very traditional (crude civil engineering
material)
BUT also new high-tech ceramics and
applications.
Courtesy of NTK
Technical Ceramics

In 1974, the U.S.


market for the ceramic
industry was estimated
at $20
million. Today, the
U.S. market is

estimated to be $ 35B

Optical (transparency) opto-electronic.


Electronic (piezoelectrics, sensors,
superconductors)
Thermo-mechanical (engine materials)
Cutting tools
11

12

TRADITIONAL CERAMICS

Wares or products made from from naturally occurring


materials
Pottery
Whiteware
Structural products
Refractories
Enamels
Glass
Cement.Lime and Plaster
Abrasives

13

ADVANCED CERAMICS
Wares or products from highly refined natural or
synthetic materials
Key components in high technology fields:
computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting
tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, high
temperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,
medical implants and many other special purpose
applications

14

Classify by function
Electric, electronic
Magnetic
Optical
Chemical
Thermal
Mechanical
Biological
Nuclear
15

MATERIALS
Characteristics

High heat capacity


Low heat conductance
Corrosion resistance
Electrically insulating, semiconducting or
superconducting
Nonmagnetic and magnetic
Hard, strong but brittle
16

Compounds

of metallic and
nonmetallic elements
non

metallic elements
oxygen (oxides)
carbon (carbides)
nitrogen (nitrides)

17

Diversity

in the characteristics
due to bonding and crystal
structures
Atomic bonding
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic

and covalent
18

Structures

Crystalline:

atoms are arranged in a


very regular repeating pattern
Amorphous: lacks systematic and
regular arrangements of atoms

19

Crystalline

Silicate

structure

(SiO4) 2

AX

Rock salt structure


Cesium Chloride structure
Zinc Blende structure
Diamond cubic structure

20

Raw

Materials

Silicate
Oxide
Non-Oxide

21

Silicate

Clay
Feldspar
Oxide

Alumina

Zirconia
Quartz /Silica

22

Calcium Phosphate
Zinc oxide
Limestone
Gypsum
Plaster of Paris

Non-oxide

Silicon carbide
Silicon nitride

23

APPLICATIONS

Traditional ceramics

Dinnerware
Tiles
Bricks
Sanitary ware
Insulators
Construction materials: concrete
Porcelain crucible
Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware

24

Advanced

ceramics

Ceramic magnets (ferrites)


Piezoelectric (PZT)
Capacitors
Substrates
Bioceramics
Sensors
25

TRADITIONAL CERAMICS

Wares or products made from from naturally occurring


materials
Pottery
Whiteware
Structural products
Refractories
Enamels
Glass
Cement.Lime and Plaster
Abrasives

26

ADVANCED CERAMICS
Wares or products from highly refined natural or
synthetic materials
Key components in high technology fields:
computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting
tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, high
temperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,
medical implants and many other special purpose
applications

27

Classify by function
Electric, electronic
Magnetic
Optical
Chemical
Thermal
Mechanical
Biological
Nuclear
28

MATERIALS
Characteristics

High heat capacity


Low heat conductance
Corrosion resistance
Electrically insulating, semiconducting or
superconducting
Nonmagnetic and magnetic
Hard, strong but brittle
29

Compounds

of metallic and
nonmetallic elements
non

metallic elements
oxygen (oxides)
carbon (carbides)
nitrogen (nitrides)
30

Diversity

in the characteristics due


to bonding and crystal structures
Atomic bonding
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic

and covalent

31

Structures

Crystalline:

atoms are arranged


in a very regular repeating
pattern
Amorphous: lacks systematic
and regular arrangements of
atoms
32

Crystalline

Silicate

structure

(SiO4) 2

AX

Rock salt structure


Cesium Chloride structure
Zinc Blende structure
Diamond cubic structure

33

Raw

Materials

Silicate
Oxide
Non-Oxide

34

Silicate

Clay
Feldspar
Oxide

Alumina
Zirconia

Quartz /Silica
35

Calcium Phosphate
Zinc oxide
Limestone
Gypsum
Plaster of Paris

Non-oxide

Silicon carbide
Silicon nitride

36

APPLICATIONS

Traditional ceramics

Dinnerware
Tiles
Bricks
Sanitary ware
Insulators
Construction materials: concrete
Porcelain crucible
Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware

37

Advanced

ceramics

Ceramic magnets (ferrites)


Piezoelectric (PZT)
Capacitors
Substrates
Bioceramics
Sensors
38

SEE YOU NEXT MEETING

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