Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

Contents
1

HEALTH, SAFETY &

ENVOIRNMENT

HSE Operational Controls.................................................................................... 3

COMPLIANCE OFFICER IS THE RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY AT THE SITE TO ENSURE
COMPLIANCE, AWARENESS, EXECUTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF ALL HSE RELATED
FUNCTION AT ALL LEVELS............................................................................................... 3
2
2.1

Fire and Types of Fire.......................................................................................... 4

What is Fire?...................................................................................................... 4

2.2. Types of Fire....................................................................................................... 5

2.3. Types of Fire Extinguisher:..............................................................................5
2.4. Use of Fire Extinguisher...................................................................................7
2.5. Inspection and Maintenance Program...........................................................8
2.6. SOP for Use of Fire Extinguisher....................................................................8
2.2

SOP for Use of DCP Fire Extinguisher:.........................................................10

ENTERPRISE (PVT) LTD.

2.3

SOP for Use of CO2 Fire Extinguisher:..........................................................11

2.4

SOP for Refilling / Inspection of Fire Extinguishers:.................................12

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

3

HSE Risk Assessment:........................................................................................ 13

Safety Signs:....................................................................................................... 15

Emergency Preparedness and Response........................................................18

5.1

Emergency Response Team........................................................................... 18

5.2

Emergency Response Plans...........................................................................19

Fire......................................................................................................................... 19
Electric Shock......................................................................................................... 20
Bomb Threat.......................................................................................................... 20
Collapse of any Building......................................................................................... 20
Air Emissions.......................................................................................................... 21
Earthquake............................................................................................................. 21

6. Incident and Accident Reporting.....................................................................21

6.1

Types of Incidents........................................................................................... 21

6.2

Incident reporting and investigation:..........................................................22

Fire and Types of Fire

1.1

What is Fire?

Fire comes fromOXYGEN

a chemical
reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and
SOURCE
HEAT SOURCE
some sort of fuel (wood or gasoline, for example). For the combustion reaction
to happen, you have to heat the fuel to its ignition temperature.
There are three fundamental and essential ingredients necessary to produce the
chemical reaction that is called fire;

pproximately 16% required

To reach ignition temperature.
ormal air contains 21% O2. Some fuels contain
enough
oxygen
within
their make
up to
support
burning.
Open
flamethe sun
hot surface,
sparks
and
arcs, friction-chemical
actions, electrical energy, compression of

Oxygen - The catalyst

Heat - The ignition source

Fuel - Solid, liquid or gas that burns

THE FIRE TRIANGLE

PHYSICAL STATE

GASES
Natural Gas
Propane, Butane,
Hydrogen,
Acetylene,
Carbon Monoxide,
Others

LIQUIDS

SOLIDS

Gasoline,
Coal, Wood,
Kerosene, Turpentine,
Paper, Cloth,
Page
1
of
15
Alcohol,
Wax, Grease, Leather, Plastic, Sugar, Grain,
COD Liver oil,
Hay, Cork,
Paint, Lacquer,
Others
Olive oil & others

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

2.2. Types of Fire

Fire can be classified based on the source of fuel used in the combustion
process. Following are the classifications of fire based on the nature of fuel.
Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
Solid combustible materials that are not metals. (Class
A fires generally leave an Ash.)
Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, grease,
acetone
Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire. This
classification also includes
flammable gases.
(Class B fires generally involve materials that Boil
or Bubble.)
Class
C - Electrical:
equipment

energized

electrical

As long as it's "plugged in," it would be considered a

class C fire. (Class C fires generally deal with electrical
Current.)

Page 2 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

Class D - Metals: potassium, sodium, aluminum,
magnesium
Unless you work in a laboratory or in an industry that
uses these materials, it is unlikely you'll have to deal
with a Class D fire. It takes special extinguishing agents
to fight such a fire.

2.3. Types of Fire Extinguisher:

A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply an extinguisher, is
an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in
emergency situations. Internationally there are several accepted classification
methods for hand-held fire extinguisher. Each classification is useful in fighting
fires with a particular group of fuel.

Extinguis
her

Extinguisher
Type

Type of Fire

Water

For Class A fire

Foam

For Class B fire

Page 3 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

Dry
Chemical

For Class ABC fire

CO2

For Class BC fire

2.4. Use of Fire Extinguisher

There are different types of fire extinguisher. Look closely at the extinguishers
around where you work and identify what type they are.
There are four (4) basic steps for using modern portable fire extinguishers.
The acronym PASS is used to describe these four basic steps.

Pull Pin:
Pull pin at the top of the extinguisher, breaking the
seal. When in place, the pin keeps the handle from
being pressed and accidentally operating the
extinguisher.

Aim:
Approach the fire standing at a safe distance. Aim
the nozzle or outlet towards the base of the fire.

Page 4 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

Squeeze:
Squeeze the handles together to discharge the
extinguishing agent inside. To stop discharge,
release the handles.

Sweep:
Sweep the nozzle from side to side as you
approach the fire, directing the extinguishing agent
at the base of the flames.

Page 5 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

2.5. Inspection and Maintenance Program
Inspection and maintenance programs define the frequency and scope of the
planned inspections or service. Where equipment manuals specify
maintenance requirements, the manuals in themselves may be sufficient to
define the maintenance program; but they must be reference in appropriate
procedures or work instructions.
Fire extinguishers need to be regularly checked to ensure that:

The extinguisher is not blocked by furniture, doorways, or anything that

might limit access in an emergency.

The pressure is at the recommended level. Some extinguishers have

gauges that indicate when the pressure is too high or too low.

All parts are operable and not damaged or restricted in any way. Make
sure hoses and nozzles are free of insects or debris. There should not be
any signs of damage or abuse, such as dents or rust, on the extinguisher.

The outside of the extinguisher is clean. Remove any oil or grease that
might accumulate on the exterior.

The nozzle or other parts are not hindered in any way.

The pin and tamper seal (if it has one) are intact.

There are no dents, leaks, rust, chemical deposits and/or other signs of
abuse/wear. Wipe off any corrosive chemicals, oil, gunk etc. that may have
deposited on the extinguisher

Inspection and testing of firefighting equipment is carried out on regular basis.

Detail SOPs have been prepared for this purpose.

2.6. SOP for Use of Fire Extinguisher

Check type of fire extinguisher (DCP, CO2 etc.)

Check the class of fire for which it is recommended
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) extinguisher is used for all classes of fire
Move the trolley towards the fire at a safe distance from fire.
Unroll the rubber hose of the trolley and squeeze the discharge hose handles.
Open the cylinder valve and direct the nozzle at the base of fire.
Operate from a distance of 10 to 15 feet from the fire standing against the
wind direction Escape route must be decided first while operating the fire
extinguisher inside the room.
In case the fire is extinguished, cool down the area and do not walk on the
area where fire is extinguished. If the fire is not extinguished, retreat back so
Page 6 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

That flame may not hurt you
SOP For Fire Extinguisher

1.2

SOP for Use of DCP Fire Extinguisher:

Check type of Fire Extinguisher (DCP, CO2 etc)

Check the class of fire for which it is recommended.
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) extinguisher is used for all classes of fire.
Operate from a distance of 10 to 15 feet from the fire standing against
Page 7 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

the wind direction.

Hold the discharge hose firmly, remove the pin and apply the powder on

the base of fire.

In case the fire is extinguished, cool down the area and do not walk on
the area where fire is extinguished

If the fire is not extinguished, retreat back so that flame may not hurt you
SOP For DCP Fire Extinguisher

1.3

SOP for Use of CO2 Fire Extinguisher:

Check type of Fire Extinguisher (DCP, CO2 etc).

Check the class of fire for which it is recommended.
CO2 fire extinguisher is used for energized electrical fire but it is better to

isolate the circuit while extinguishing the fire.

Operate from a distance of 5 feet from the fire standing against the wind

direction.
Hold the discharge hose firmly at the upstream of horn, remove the

Page 8 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

safety pin and direct the nozzle on the base of fire

Stop entrance of any person in the area where CO 2 fire extinguisher has

been operated.
Escape route must be decided while operating fire extinguisher inside
the room

1.4

SOP for Refilling / Inspection of Fire Extinguishers:

Compliance officer is responsible for inspection of all fire extinguishers

on quarterly basis and refilling after a year.

Unscrew the cap of fire extinguisher safely (Shell contains pressure, take

care).
Examine the inlet, outlet tubes, cartridge, powder and threads of cap. Try
to find any abnormality in inner structure of fire extinguisher. Check
powder, it must be in powder form. Powder in lump form must be
replaced.
Page 9 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

After inspection, refilling; screw the cap and tight it firmly and maintain
record.

2 HSE Risk Assessment:

A risk assessment is a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause
harm to people and environment, so that you can weigh up whether you have
taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. The aim is to
make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill, or environment is not polluted
by any means.
There are following five steps to risk assessment;
Step 1: Identify the hazards
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Page 10 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

Step 4: Record your findings and implement them
Step 5: Review your assessment and update if necessary

Detailed procedures have been established for identification and evaluation of

HSE risk factors. For details, please refer to procedure for Hazard Identification
and Environmental Aspect Evaluation.
After identification and assessment of identified hazards and environmental
aspects, control measures are defined to control the hazards. Control measures
are defined following the hierarchy of control;

Page 11 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

3 Safety Signs:
Some of the common safety signs used in the packaging industry are following.

Page 12 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

4 Emergency Preparedness and Response
All emergencies such as fire or any other safety or environmental incident
where there is damage to life, property or environment, it must be immediately
reported to the concerned supervisor / HOD who will then handle the situation
according to the circumstances.
Emergency numbers are displayed at appropriate locations in order to provide
awareness to all employees, as follows.

Fire Brigade:

_________________

Rescue:

_________________

Ambulance/first aid:

_________________

Civil Defense:

_________________

Bomb Disposal:

_________________

Nearest Hospital:

Nearest Police Station:

WAPDA:

Others:

_________________
_________________
_________________
____________________

Emergency preparedness will include:a. Firefighting techniques

b. Use of first aid kits.
c. Emergency evacuation plan.
Compliance officer will make proper arrangements for drills at periodic intervals
to reinforce training and get feedback efficiently.

5.1

Emergency Response Team

The ERT members are companys employees who are, or may be required at
an emergency site.
In any emergency situation ERT mission is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Protect life safety

Secure companys critical infrastructure and facilities
Resume the process and production
Protect environment from adverse environmental effects of any incidence

The ERT members shall include representatives from different sections.

Names of the emergency response team members are displayed at appropriate
locations in each department.

Page 13 of 15

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Guide

The ERT activates on communication of information as to emergency safety
and environmental situation which has occurred or has a high risk of occurring.
ERT leader will lead the team in case of emergency and guide his team
assigning different responsibilities to his team.
ERT leader shall establish a coordination point for all the activities that are
taking place around the company.
Assembly area has been defined and personnel are trained through evacuation
drills on following the evacuation routes in case of any emergency situation.
In this regard, a safety and environmental layout has been prepared for the
facility. The Environmental Layouts are attached as Appendix A of this guide.

Page 14 of 15