Logica - Basic Logic Symbols
Logica - Basic Logic Symbols
Name
Symbol
Read as
Category
material implication
implies; if .. then
material equivalence
if and only if; iff; means the same as
propositional logic
negation
not
&
propositional logic
logical conjunction
and
exclusive disjunction
xor
Tautology
top, verum
Contradiction
bottom, falsum, falsity
universal quantification
for all; for any; for each
()
first-order logic
existential quantification
there exists
first-order logic
uniqueness quantification
definition
is defined as
everywhere
precedence grouping
()
parentheses, brackets
everywhere
Turnstile
provable
propositional logic, first-order logic
double turnstile
entails
Explanation
Examples
Unicode
Value
(hexdecimal)
U+21D2
x = 2 x2 = 4 is true, but x2 = 4 x = 2
is in general false (since xcould be 2).
U+2192
U+2283
may mean the same as (the symbol may also meansuperset).
U+21D4
U+2261
A B is true only if both A and B are false,
x+5=y+2 x+3=y
or both Aand B are true.
U+2194
(A) A
U+00AC
x y (x = y)
U+02DC
U+0021
U+2227
U+00B7
The statement A B is true if A and B are
both true; else it is false.
U+0026
n< 4n>2n= 3 whennis anatural number.
U+2228
U+002B
U+2225
n 4n 2n 3 whennis anatural number.
U+2295
The statement A B is true when either A
(A) A is always true, A A is always
or B, but not both, are true. A B means
false.
the same.
A is always true.
U+22A4
A is always true.
U+22A5
The statement is unconditionally false. (The symbol may also refer toperpendicularlines.)
n : n2 n.
U+2200
! n : n + 5 = 2n.
U+2203 U+00
21
U+2254
(U+003A U+0
03D)
xyorxymeansxis defined to be another name fory(but note that can also mean other thin
cosh x (1/2)(exp x + exp (x))
A XOR B : (A B) (A B)
U+2261
U+22A2
U+22A8
A B B A
HTML
Value
HTML
Entity
(decimal)
(named)
⇒
⇒
LaTeX
symbol
\Rightarrow
\to
→
→
\supset
\implies
⊃
⊃
⇔
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
\equiv
≡
≡
\leftrightarrow
\iff
↔
↔
¬
¬
\lnot or \neg
\sim
˜
˜
!
!
∧
∧
\wedge or \land
\&[2]
·
·
&
&
∨
+
∨
\lor or \vee
∥
⊕
\oplus
⊕
\veebar
⊕
⊻
⊤
\top
⊥
⊥
\bot
∀
∀
\forall
∃
∃
\exists
∃
!
\exists !
≔
(: =)
:=
\equiv
≡
:\Leftrightarrow
≡
⊜
⇔
( )
()
⊢
\vdash
⊨
\vDash
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