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SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH, PUTRAJAYA

SLOT 1 : COMMON FORMULA OF IONS IN SPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
Write The Formula Of Ions.
Cation (Positive Ions)
Sodium ion
Potassium ion
Lithium ion
Silver ion
Copper(I) ion
Hydrogen ion
Ammonium ion
Silver ion
Magnesium ion
Calcium ion
Barium ion

Ammonium ion
Zinc ion
Iron(II) ion
Copper(II) ion
Manganese(II) ion
Lead(II) ion
Nickel(II) ion
Iron (III) ion
Aluminium ion
Chromium (III) ion
Tin(II) ion

Fluoride ion

Oxide ion

Chloride ion

Sulphide ion

Bromide ion

Sulphate ion

Iodide ion

Sulphite ion

Hydroxide ion

Carbonate ion

Nitrate ion

Thiosulphate ion

Nitrite ion

Chromate(VI) ion

Ethanoate ion

Dichromate(VI) ion

Manganate(VII) ion

Phosphate ion

Cation (Positive Ions)

SLOT 2 : COMMON CHEMICAL FORMULAE IN SPM CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS
Write The Chemical formula for given chemical substance.

Ionic Formula
Chemical Substance

Chemical Formula

Chemical Substance

Chemical Formula

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Hydrochloric acid

Zinc hydroxide

Nitric acid

Calcium carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Sodium carbonate

Methanoic acid

Potassium bicarbonate

Ethanoic acid

Potassium nitrate

Phosphorus acid

Lead(II) nitrate

Carbonic acid

Sodium nitrate

Hypochlorous acid

Lead(II) iodide

Potassium hydroxide

Silver chloride

Sodium hydroxide

Magnesium sulphate

Calcium hydroxide

Sodium thiosulphate

Ammonia

Copper(II) oxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium oxide

Copper(I) hydroxide

Zinc oxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Sodium oxide

Iron(II) hydroxide

Aluminium oxide

Iron(III) hydroxide

Iron(III) oxide

Molecular Formula
Chemical Substance

Chemical Formula

Chemical Substance

Carbon monoxide

Chemical Formula

Anmonia
2

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Carbon dioxide

Water

Nitrogen monoxide

Hydrogen chloride

Nitrogen dioxide

Tetrachloromethane

Sulphur dioxide

Glucose

Sulphur trioxide

Hydrogen bromide

Fluorine

Hydrogen iodide

Bromine

Hydrogen sulphide

Chloride

Nitrogen

Iodine

Nitrogen dioxide

SLOT 3 : IDENTIFY TYPE OF PARTICLES AND COMPOUND

State type of particles and compounds for given chemical substance.
Chemical
Substance
Chlorine, Cl2

Particles

Chemical Substance

Compound

Water, H2O
3

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Calcium carbonate,
CaCO3

Magnesium oxide,
MgO

Zinc chloride, ZnCl2

Sodium chloride,
NaCl

Naphthalene, C8H10

Tetrachloromethane,
CCl4

Ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH

Carbon dioxide, CO2

Hydrogen chloride,
HCl

Zinc chloride, ZnCl2

Sulphur, S

Naphthalene, C8H10

Helium, He

Ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH

Copper(II) oxide,
CuO

Chlorine, Cl2

Butane, C4H10

Calcium carbonate,
CaCO3

SLOT 4 : CONSTRUCT AND BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Complete the chemical equations below.
4

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a) ____ Na + ____ Cl2

_____ NaCl

b) ____ Mg + ____ HNO3 _____ Mg(NO3)2 + ____H2

c) ____ C2H4 + _____ O2

_____ CO2 + _____H2O

d) ____ Cu + _____ AgNO3

_____ CuSO4 + ____ Ag

2. Write a balances chemical equation for each of the following reactions:

a) Sodium oxide + water

sodium hydroxide

_____________________________________________________________________
b) Silver nitrate + sodium chloride silver chloride + sodium nitrate
_____________________________________________________________________
c)

Sodium thiosulphate + Sulphuric acid sodium sulphate + sulphur + sulphur dioxide+ water

_____________________________________________________________________
d) Magnesium metal reacts with the chlorine gas to form solid magnesium chloride.
_____________________________________________________________________
e) Solid calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water
and carbon dioxide.
_____________________________________________________________________
f) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulphate
and water.
_____________________________________________________________________

SLOT 5 : RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM) AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR

MASS (RMM)
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A. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM)
Relative Atomic Mass

B. RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)

Calculate the relative molecular mass for following substance below.

1.

O2

2.

CO2

3.

NaCl

4.

AgNO3

5.

C2H4

6.

Cu(OH)2

7.

Fe2O3.5H2O

8.

Mg(NO3)2

SLOT 6 : MOLE CONCEPTS

6

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TEST YOURSELF :
1

Diagram 1.1 shows a syringe filled with carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at room temperature and
pressure.
Syringe

Piston

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
cm3
Carbon dioxide gas
Diagram 1.1

[Relative atomic mass of C = 12 , O = 16, Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room

temperature and pressure]
1.

Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe.

[2 marks]

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2. Calculate
(i)
the number of carbon dioxide molecules in the syringe.
[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]
(ii)

the number of atoms in the syringe.

[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]
3. Diagram 1.2 shows 25 g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 .
25 gmass
of calcium
[Relative atomic
of C = 12,carbonate
O = 16, Ca = 40]

Diagram 1.2
Calculate
(i)

The relative formula mass of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]
(ii)

the number of moles of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]
(iii)

the percentage of oxygen by mass in calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]

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(d) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 x 1023 mol-1.
(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?

[1 mark]
(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?

[1 mark]
(e) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 1020 atoms of

copper.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 1023 mol-1.

[1 mark]

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SLOT 6 : EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAE

1. DEFINATION
Empirical
formula
Molecular
formula
2. EMPIRICAL FORMULA
A. Magnesium Oxide
DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATING
Clean the magnesium ribbon with sand
paper.
DURING HEATING
When the Mg start burning, closed the
crucible with the lid
Open the lid intervals
AFTER HEATING
Make sure all Mg is fully oxidized/
completely react
OBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION
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B. Copper (II) Oxide

DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATING
Materials to produce H2 gas.
Material used to dry H2 gas.
Flow the H2 gas for few minutes
before heating
Make sure that other air have been
removed
DURING HEATING
Why burn the excess H2 gas.
AFTER HEATING
Continue flow the H2 gas / Let the
hot metal Cu cool in the flow of H2
Make sure all CuO is fully reduced/
completely react
OBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION

Why this method cannot be used to determine empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

11

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TEST YOURSELF
1. 0.64 g of metal X combine with 0.71 g of non-metal Y. What is the empirical formula of
this compound? [RAM : X = 64; Y=35.5]

2. 2.24g of iron combines chemically with 0.96g of oxygen to form an oxide. What is the empirical
formula of the oxide? [ RAM : O = 16, Fe = 56 ]

3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2. If the relative molecular mass of the
compound is 84, what is its molecular formula?
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12]

12

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SLOT 7 : SOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL

EQUATIONS STOICHIOMETRY
Calculation steps :
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6

: Write a balance chemical equation.

: Write the information from the question above the equation.
: Write the information from the chemical equation below the equation.
(information about the number of moles of reactants/products)
: Change the information in s2 into moles by using method shown in the chart below.
: Use the relationship between number of moles of substance involved in S3 to
find the answer
: Change the information to the unit required using the chart below.

TEST YOURSELF : Solve the following problems by using chemical

equations.
(a)

What is the volume of carbon dioxide releases when 5 g of calcium carbonate reacts with
hydrochloric acid at room condition?
[RAM : C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupied 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]

(b)

5.0 g of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O, is heated to remove its water vapour.
CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O
Calculate the mass of water vapour removed.
[ RAM : H = 1; O =16; S = 32; Cu = 64]
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(c)

3.1g of sodium oxide is formed when the sodium metal is burnt completely in oxygen at STP.
Calculation the volume of oxygen used.
[RAM : O = 16; Na = 23 ; molar volume = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at STP]

(d)

0.8g of copper (II) oxide powder is added to excess dilute nitric acid and heated. Find the mass
of copper (II) nitrate produced?
[RAM : N = 14; O = 16; Cu = 64]

(e)

0.46g of sodium is burn completely in chlorine gas at room condition.

Find the volume of chlorine gas.
[ RAM : Na = 23; Cl =35.5; molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]

14

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15

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