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1. COORDINATE SYSTEM

Synopsis :

1. The distance between the points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is AB = ( x1 − x 2 )2 + ( y1 − y 2 )2 .
2. The point which divides the line segment joining the points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) in the ratio l : m.
lx + mx1 ly 2 + my1 ⎞
i) internally is ⎛⎜ 2 , ⎟ (l + m≠0)
⎝ l+m l+m ⎠
lx − mx1 ly 2 − my1 ⎞
ii) externally is ⎛⎜ 2 , ⎟ (l ≠ m)
⎝ l−m l−m ⎠

3. Let A, B be two points. The points which divide AB in the ratio 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 are called points of
trisection of AB .
x1 − h y −k
4. If P(h, k) lies on the line joining A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) then = 1 and P divides AB in the
h − x2 k − y2
ratio x1 – h : h – x2 or y1 – k : k – y2.
5. x-axis divides the line segment joining (x1, y1), (x2, y2) in the ratio –y1 : y2.
6. y-axis divides the line segment joining (x1, y1), (x2, y2) in the ratio –x1 : x2.
7. If D (x1, y1), E (x2, y2), F (x3, y3) are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB of ABC, then A = (x2
+ x3 –x1, y2 + y3 – y1), B(x3 + x1 – x2, y3 + y1 – y2), C = (x1 + x2 – x3, y1 + y2 – y3)
8. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) are three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram, then the fourth vertex
is (x1 – x2 + x3, y1 – y2 + y3).
9. If a point P divides the line segment joining the points A, B in the ratio l : m, then the point Q
which divides AB in the ratio l : –m is called harmonic conjugate of P with respect to A and B.
10. The centroid of the triangle formed by the points

A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) is ⎛⎜ 1 2 3 , 1 2 3 ⎞⎟ .

x +x +x y +y +y

⎝ 3 3 ⎠
11. The circumcentre of a right angled triangle is the midpoint of the hypotenuse.
12. The orthocentre of a right angled triangle is the vertex at the right angle.
13. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of ΔABC and if a = BC, b = CA, c = AB, then
incentre
ax + bx 2 + cx 3 ay1 + by 2 + cy 3 ⎞
I = ⎛⎜ 1 , ⎟
⎝ a+b+c a+b+c ⎠
Excentre opposite to A is
− ax1 + bx 2 + cx 3 − ay1 + by 2 + cy 3 ⎞
I1 = ⎛⎜ , ⎟
⎝ −a+b+c −a+b+c ⎠
Excentre opposite to B is
ax − bx 2 + cx 3 ay1 − by 2 + cy 3 ⎞
I2 = ⎛⎜ 1 , ⎟
⎝ a−b+c a−b+c ⎠

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Coordinate system
Excentre opposite to C is
ax + bx 2 − cx 3 ay1 + by 2 − cy 3 ⎞
I3 = ⎛⎜ 1 , ⎟
⎝ a+b−c a+b−c ⎠
14. Orthocentre O, centroid G, circumcentre S of a triangle are collinear and G divides OS in the ratio
2 : 1.
1
15. The area of the triangle formed by the points O (0, 0), A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) is | x1y 2 − x 2 y1 | .
2
1 x1 − x 2 x1 − x 3
16. The area of the triangle formed by the points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) is .
2 y1 − y 2 y1 − y 3

1
17. If G is the centroid of ΔABC, then area of ΔGAB = area of ΔGBC = area of ΔGCA = [area of
3
ΔABC]
18. If D, E, F are the mid points of the sides BC, CA, AB of ABC, then area of ΔDEF = area of ΔAEF
1
= area of ΔBDF = area of ΔCDE = [area of ΔABC]
4
19. Three points A, B, C are collinear if area of ΔABC is zero.
20. The area of the quadrilateral formed by the points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3), (x4, y4) taken in order is
1 x1 − x 3 x 2 − x 4
.
2 y1 − y 3 y2 − y4

21. A1(x1, y1), A2(x2, y2), …. An(xn, yn) are the vertices of a polygon, then its area =
1 ⎡ x1 y1 x 2 y 2 x y x yn ⎤
⎢ + + .... + n −1 n −1 + n ⎥
2 ⎢⎣ x 2 y 2 x 3 y 3 xn yn x1 y1 ⎥⎦

x y
22. The incentre of the triangle formed by the line + = 1 with the coordinate axes is
a b
⎛ ⎞
⎜ a|b|
,
|a|b ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝| a | + | b | + a +b | a | + | b | + a +b
2 2 2 2
⎠
23. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are two vertices of an equilateral triangle, then its third vertex is
⎛ x1 + x 2 ± 3 ( y1 − y 2 ) y1 + y 2 ∓ 3 ( x1 − x 2 ) ⎞
⎜ , ⎟
⎜ 2 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
24. If P and Q are the points of trisections of the line joining the points A and B, then the mid point of
AB = mid point PQ.
25. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are extremities of the hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles triangle, then its
⎛ x + x ± ( y1 − y 2 ) y1 + y 2 ∓ ( x1 − x 2 ) ⎞
third vertex is ⎜ 1 2 , ⎟.
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
26. The orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (x1, y1), (x2, y2) is (–k (y1 – y2), k(x1 – x2))
x x +y y
where k = 1 2 1 2 .
x1y 2 − x 2 y1

27. In ΔABC, if AD is the median drawn to BC, then

AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + CD2) = 2(AD2 + BD2)

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Coordinate system
28. If G is the centroid of ΔABC, then AB + BC + CA = 3(GA + GB + GC ).
2 2 2 2 2 2

29. If P is a point in ΔABC and G is the centroid, then PA + PB + PC = GA + GB + GC + 3PG .

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

30. The coordinates of the vertices of an equilateral triangle are not all rationals.
31. If Q is the harmonic conjugate of P w.r.t. A, B then AP, AB, AQ are in H.P.
32. Nine point circle : Let L, M, N be the feet of the altitudes and D, E, F be the midpoints of the
sides of ΔABC. Let X, Y, Z be the midpoints of AO, BO, CO where O is the orthocentre of the
triangle. Then L, M, N; D, E, F; X, Y, Z lie on a circle called nine point circle of the triangle.
33. The radius of the nine point circle of ABC is R/2 where R is the circumradius.
34. If N is the center of the nine point circle, O is the orthocentre, S is the circumcentre and G is the
centroid of ΔABC, then ON : NG = 3 : 1, ON : NS = 1 : 1, NG : GS = 1 : 2.
x1 y1 z1
1
35. Area of the triangle formed by (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) is x2 y2 z2 .
2
x3 y3 z3

36. If θ is the angle subtended by the line segment joining A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) at the origin, then cosθ =
x1x 2 + y1y 2
.
2 2 2 2
x1 + y1 x2 + y2

37. Three points which are such that only two x-coordinates are equal and only two y-coordinates are
equal form a right angled triangle. Then its
i) orthocentre = (repeated x-coordinate, repeated y-coordinate)
ii) circumcentre = (sum of distinct x-coordinates/2, sum of distinct y-coordinates/2)

PREVIOUS EAMCET BITS

1. If, l, m, n are in arithmetic progression, then the straight line lx + my + n = 0 will pass through
the point [EAMCET 2008]
1) (–1, 2) 2) (1, –2) 3) (1, 2) 4) (2, 1)
Ans: 2
Sol. l, m, n are in A.P ⇒ m – l = n – m ⇒ l – 2m + n = 0 ⇒ (1, –2) lies on lx + my + n = 0
2. In the triangle with vertices at A ( 6,3) , B ( −6,3) and C ( −6, −3) , the median through A meets BC
at P, the line AC meets the x-axis at Q, while R and S respectively denote the orthocentre and
centroid of the triangle. Then the correct matching of the coordinates of points in List – I to
List – II is [EAMCET 2007]

List – I List – II
i) P A) (0, 0)
ii) Q B) (6, 0)
iii) R C) (–2, 1)
iv) S D) (–6, 0)
E) (–6, –3)

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Coordinate system
F) (–6, 3)
i ii iii iv i ii iii iv
1) D A E C 2) D B E C
3) D A F C 4) B A F C
Ans: 3
Sol. i) P is midpoint of BC = (–6, 0) = D
ii) Midpoint of AC is (0, 0) ⇒ AC meets x-axis at Q(0, 0) = A
iii) ΔABC is right angled at B. Orthocentre = R = (–6, 3) = F
iv) Centroid = S = (–2, 1) = C
3. The area (in square units) of the triangle formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and 3x + 4y = 12 is
[EAMCET 2005]
1) 3 2) 4 3) 6 4) 12
Ans: 3 B(0,3)
1 x y
Sol. Area of Δle OAB = base × height 3 + =1
2 4 3
1
Area = × 4 × 3 = 6 O 4 A
2 (0,0) (4,0)

4. If PM is the perpendicular from P(2, 3) onto the line x + y = 3, then the coordinates of M are
[EAMCET 2005]
1) (2, 1) 2) (–1, 4) 3) (1, 2) 4) (4, –1)
Ans: 3
Sol. P(2, 3), = x + y = 3 , slope = - 1 by verification product of slopes = –1
3− 2
from (3) option slope PM = =1
2 −1
1(–1) = – 1
5. The point P is equidistant from A(1, 3), B(–3, 5) and C(5, –1). Then PA - . [EAMCET 2003]
1) 5 2) 5 5 3) 25 4) 5 10
Ans: 4
Sol. PA 2 = PB2 = PC2
( x − 1) + ( y − 3) = ( x + 3) + ( y − 5 )
2 2 2 2

= ( x − 5 ) + ( y + 1)
2 2

⇒ P ( x, y ) = ( −8, −10 )

∴ PA = 5 10

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Coordinate system
6. If (–2, 6) is the image of the point (4, 2) with respect to the line L = 0, then L = [EAMCET 2002]
1) 6x − 4y − 7 2) 2x + 3y − 5 3) 3x − 2y + 5 4) 3x − 2y + 10
Ans: 3
Sol. L = 0 is perpendicular bisector of line segment joining the roots (–2, 6) (4, 2) L = 3x –2y+5
7. If the altitude of a triangle are in arithmetic progression, then the sides of the triangle are in ..
progression [EAMCET 2002]
1) arithmetic 2) harmonic 3) geometric 4) arithmetico-geometric
Ans: 2
1 2Δ
Sol. Δ = P1a ⇒ P1 =
2 a
2Δ 2Δ
P2 = P3 = P1 , P2 , P3 are in A.P.
b c
⇒ a, b, c are in H.P
8. The lines 2x + 3y = 6, 2x + 3y = 8 cut the x-axis at A, B respectively. A line l drawn through the
point (2, 2) meets the x-axis at C. In such a way that abscissae of A, B and C are in arithmetic
progression. Then the equation of the line l is [EAMCET 2001]
1) 2x + 3y = 20 2) 3x + 2y = 10 3) 2x − 3y = 10 4) 3x − 2y = 10
Ans: 1
Sol. The lines 2x + 3y = 6 and 2x + 3y = 8 cuts x-axis at A and B
∴ Α(3, 0), Β(4, 0)
The point ‘C’ lies on x-axis and the abscissae of the points A, B, C are in A.P.
∴C(5, 0)
∴ The equation of the line passing through (2, 2) and (5, 0) is 2x + 3y = 10
9. The incentre of the triangle formed by the lines x + y = 1 , x = 1, y = 1 is [EAMCET 2001]
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
1) ⎜1 − ,1 − ⎟ 2) ⎜1 − , ⎟ 3) ⎜ , ⎟ 4) ⎜ ,1 − ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠
Ans: 3
Sol. The vertices of the triangle are (1, 0) (0, 1), (1, 1) and lengths of the sides are 1, 1, 2
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
∴ Incentre ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
10. The vertices of a triangle are (6, 6), (0, 6) and (6, 0). The distance between the circumentre and
centroid is [EAMCET 2000]
1) 2 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1
Ans: 3
Sol. Circumcentre = S(3, 3)
Centroid = G(4,4 ) ∴ SG = 2

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