On-load tap-changers, type UBB

Technical guide

Manufacturers declaration
The manufacturer

ABB Components AB
SE-771 80 LUDVIKA
Sweden

Hereby declares that

The products

On-load tap-changers
type UB
with motor-drive mechanisms
types BUE and BUL

comply with the following requirements:

By design, the machine, considered as component on a mineral oil filled power transformer, complies
with the requirements of

Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC (amended 91/368/EEC and 93/44/EEC) and 93/68/EEC

(marking) provided that the installation and the electrical connection be correctly realized by the
manufacturer of the transformer (e.g. in compliance with our Installation Instructions) and

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC regarding the intrinsic characteristics to emission and

immunity levels and

Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC (modified by Directive 93/68/EEC) concerning the built-in
motor and apparatus in the control circuits.

Certificate of Incorporation:
The machines above must not be put into service until the machinery into which they have been
incorporated have been declared in conformity with the Machinery Directive.
Date

1997-02-10

Signed by

.........................................................................
Olof Heyman

Title

Manager of Division for tap-changers

This Technical Guide has been produced to allow transformer manufacturers, and their designers
and engineers, access to all the technical information required to assist them in their selection of
the appropriate on-load tap-changer and motor-drive mechanism. The guide should be used in
conjunction with the Selection Guide and the Design Guides, to allow the optimum selection to be
made.
The technical information pertaining to on-load tap-changers and motor-drive mechanisms
manufactured by ABB Components has been divided and is contained in separate documents,
with one document for each type.
The information provided in this document is intended to be general and does not cover all
possible applications. Any specific application not covered should be referred directly to
ABB Components AB, or its authorized representative.
ABB Components AB makes no warranty or representation and assumes no liability for the
accuracy of the information in this document or for the use of such information. All information in
this document is subject to change without notice.
ABB Components also manufactures the following products:
Transformer bushings
Wall bushings
GIS bushings
Transformer cooling equipment

Table of Contents
General Information _____________

Design Principles ______________

On-Load Tap-Changer _____________________

Selector Switch __________________________
Transition Resistors ____________________
Change-over Selector __________________
Geneva Gear _________________________
Selector Switch Housing ________________
Oil Conservator _______________________
Motor-Drive Mechanism ____________________
Type BUL ____________________________
Type BUE ____________________________
Special Applications ____________________
Accessories __________________________

6
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
9

Principles of Operation __________

10

On-Load Tap-Changer _____________________

Switching Sequence ____________________
Selector Switch _______________________
Change-over Selector for
Plus/Minus Switching ___________________
Change-over Selector for
Coarse/Fine Switching __________________

10
10
10
11
11

Characteristics
and Technical Data _____________

12

On-Load Tap-Changer _____________________

Type Designation ______________________
Rated Phase Step Voltage _______________
Standards and Testing __________________
Rating Plate __________________________
Contact Life __________________________
Mechanical Life _______________________

12
12
12
12
12
13
13

Insulation Levels _______________________

Short Circuit Current Strength ____________
Highest Phase Service Voltage Across
the Regulating Winding _________________
Tie-in Resistors _______________________
Rated Through Current _________________
Maximum Rated Through Current _________
Occasional Overloading _________________
Oil Temperature _______________________
Conductors from the Windings ____________

14
14
14
14
14
14
14

Design, Installation
and Maintenance _______________

15

On-Load Tap-Changer
Schematic Diagrams ___________________
Drying _______________________________
Painting _____________________________
Weights _____________________________
Oil Filling _____________________________
Installation ___________________________
Maintenance __________________________
Oul Filter Unit ____________________________
Pressure Relay ________________________
General Description _________________
Design ____________________________
Operation _________________________
Function Pressure ___________________
Testing ___________________________
Dimensions, On-Load Tap-Changer
Type UBB ____________________________
Motor-Drive Mechanism ____________________
Design ______________________________
Installation ___________________________
Maintenance __________________________
Dimensions, Drive Shaft System and
Motor-Drive Mechanism _________________

13
14

15
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
22

General Information
When the on-load tap-changer operates, arcing occurs in
the tap-changer. To avoid contamination of the transformer oil, the tap-changer is housed in its own oil
compartment separated from the transformer oil. All
components that make or break the current during the
operation of the tap-changer are located in the tapchanger compartment. The UB range of on-load tapchangers operates according to the selector switch
principle, that is, the tap selector and diverter switch
functions are combined in one.
The UB type of on-load tap-changer is mounted on the
inside of the transformer tank. Both cover-mounting and
yoke-mounting may be specified. The tap-changer
comes ready for mounting on the inside of the transformer tank, which simplifies installation procedures.
All of the equipment necessary to operate the tapchanger is contained in a cylinder of glass fibre
reinforced plastic, the selector switch housing. Driving is
from a separate motor-drive mechanism, fitted to the
side of the transformer tank, and connected by means of
drive shafts and bevel gears.

Fig. 1. On-load tap-changer type UBBRT

L037164

Connection to oil
conservator

Oil valve

Bevel gear

Pressure relay

Top-cover

Air release valves

Flange

Position indicator
window

Cylinder
Change-over selector:
Moving contacts
Fixed contacts

Selector switch:
Fixed contacts
Moving contacts

Current collector
terminal

Selector switch shaft

Transition resistor

Shielding rings
Bottom valve
drain screw

Bottom

Fig. 2. On-load tap-changer type UBBRT

5

Design Principles
On-Load Tap-Changer
contact, which consists of two fingers, pressed on the
fixed contact by springs. The moving switching contact
and the transition contacts are made as rollers, which
move over the knife-like fixed contacts. See Fig. 3. The
making and breaking take place between the fixed and
moving switching contacts.

The tap-changer is built-up by using three single-phase

units, mutually identical, mounted in the selector switch
housing. Each single-phase unit consists of a selector
switch and transition contacts.
When plus/minus or coarse/fine switching there is also a
change-over selector.

The switching contacts are made of copper/tungsten or,

in the case of tap-changers for lower currents, the
contacts are made of copper. In service position the
current is carried by clean surfaces of copper or silver,
which are not subjected to arcing.

Selector Switch
The selector switch consists of fixed contacts and a
moving contact system.
The fixed contacts are mounted on bushings which are
inserted through the cylinder wall of the selector switch
housing. Each fixed contact has two contact paths on
each side, one for the moving main contact and one for
the moving switching contacts.
The moving contact system for a single-phase consists
of the main contact, the main switching contact and two
transition contacts. The system is built as a rigid unit
rotated by a common insulated drive shaft. In the service
position the load current is carried by the moving main

Fixed contacts

Moving contacts

Fig. 3. Moving and fixed contacts

6

Transition Resistors

Change-over Selector

The resistors are made from spirally wound wire mounted on insulating bobbins. They are connected between
the moving main contact and the transition contacts.

The change-over selector is used for reversing the

regulating winding or for changing connection in the
coarse/fine regulation.
One phase of the change-over selector consists of a
moving contact and three fixed contacts. The moving
contact is fixed to an insulated cylinder pivoted on the
top of the drive shaft, see Fig. 4. The current is carried
by the four contact fingers of the moving contact. The
contact surfaces consist of silver and copper. The
change-over selector does not make or break the current
during operation.

Fixed contacts
Moving contacts

Fig. 4. Change-over selector

Geneva Gear
The Geneva gear principle is used to change a rotary
motion into a stepping motion. Drive is transmitted via a
shaft system and bevel gears from the motor-drive
mechanism. A spring energy accumulator actuates the
Geneva gear. The Geneva gear operates the selector
switch and the change-over selector. The Geneva gear
is also used to lock the moving contact system into
position. The gearing mechanism is maintenance-free.

Selector Switch Housing

Oil Conservator

The tap-changer oil compartment is separated from the

transformer oil by a vacuum-proof cylinder, designed to
withstand a test pressure of 100 kPa or full vacuum. The
cylinder is made of glass fibre reinforced plastic, which
on its upper end has attached a metal flange and on the
lower end a closed metal bottom. The bottom, the flange,
the top-cover and the accessories mounted on the cover
are made from casted aluminium. The cylinder and the
gasket are designed to be oil-tight, and the tightness is
routinely tested with a vacuum/helium-method. This
safety guarantees the contaminated tap-changer oil to
remain separated from the transformer oil. The top-cover
is provided with connecting flanges for pipes to the oil
conservator and the pressure relay. The connections are
stepless orientable.

The tap-changer shall be connected to a separate oil

conservator, preferably placed at the same height or just
below the conservator for the transformer.

Horizontal drive-shaft and

protection cover
Bevel gear

Bevel gear

Vertical drive-shaft
and protection cover

On-Load Tap-Changer

Hand crank

Motor-Drive Mechanism

Fig 5. On-Load tap-changer system

8

Motor-Drive Mechanism
The motor-drive mechanism provides the drive to allow
the tap-changer to operate. As the name implies, drive is
provided from a motor through a series of gears and out
through a drive shaft. Several features are incorporated
within the mechanism to promote long service intervals
and reliability.

For detailed operation description, see separate

Technical Guides for Motor-Drive Mechanisms types
BUL or BUE, respectively.

There are two sizes of motor-drive mechanisms that can

be used:

Special Applications

Type BUL

ABB Components should be consulted for all special

application tap-changers, such as transformers for use
with arc-furnaces and converters.

BUL is the standard motor-drive mechanism for the

on-load tap-changer type UBB, but has limited space for
optional accessories.

Accessories

Type BUE

For a list of accessories available for both the TapChanger and the motor-drive mechanisms, see the
Selection Guide or consult ABB Components.

If there are any doubts about which type to select,

please, consult ABB Components.

BUE is used when extra space is required for optional

accessories in the Motor-Drive Cubicle.

Fig. 6. Motor-Drive Mechanism type BUE

Fig. 7. Motor-Drive Mechanism type BUL

L37166

L37167

Principles of Operation
On-Load Tap-Changer
Switching Sequence
The switching sequence is designated the symmetrical
flag cycle. This means that the main switching contact of
the selector switch breaks before the transition resistors
are connected across the regulating step. This ensures
maximum reliability when the switch operates with overloads.
At rated load the breaking takes place at the first current
zero after contact separation, which means an average
arcing time of approximately 6 milliseconds at 50 Hz.
The total time for a complete sequence is approximately
50 milliseconds. The tap change operation time of the
motor-drive mechanism is approximately 5 seconds per
step.

Fig. 8c.
The transition contact M1 has made on the fixed contact
2. The load current is divided between the transition contacts M1 and M2. The circulating current is limited by the
resistors.

Selector Switch
The switching sequence when switching from position 1
to position 2 is shown in the diagrams of Fig. 8 below.
The moving contact H is shown as one contact but
consists in fact of two, the main contact and the main
switching contact. The main contact opens before and
closes after the main switching contact.

Fig. 8d.
The transition contact M2 has broken at the fixed contact 1. The transition resistor and the transition contact
M1 carry the load current.

Fig. 8a.
Position 1. The main contact H is carrying the load
current. The transition contacts M1 and M2 are open,
resting in the spaces between the fixed contacts.

Fig. 8e.
Position 2. The main switching contact H has made on
the fixed contact 2. The transition contact M1 has opened at the fixed contact 2. The main contact H is carrying
the load current.

Fig. 8b.
The transition contact M2 has made on the fixed contact
1, and the main switching contact H has broken. The
transition resistor and the transition contact M2 carry the
load current.

For plus/minus and coarse/fine switching, the changeover selector is used.

10

Change-over Selector for Plus/Minus

Switching
The switching sequence, when the change-over
selector R changes over for plus/minus switching, is
shown in the diagrams of Fig. 9. The contact arm of the
selector switch has reached the fixed contact K (=10)
after switching from the fixed contact 9. It is connected to
the end of the main winding. The load current goes
directly from the main winding through the contact K and
out through the current collector at the selector switch
shaft. The upper end of the regulating winding is still
connected to the main winding. This is the change-over
position.

10 loops

SELECTOR SWITCH

CURRENT
COLLECTOR
TERMINAL

H Main contact
M1, M2 Transition contacts

Fig. 9a. Change-over position

The contact arm of the change-over selector R has
travelled from the contact (+) to the contact (), through
which the lower end of the regulating winding has been
connected to the main winding. The load current still
goes directly from the main winding through the
contact K. After the change-over selector has finished its
operation the contact arm of the selector switch starts
moving towards contact 1. Both those movements above
takes place in the same operation by the motor-drive, so
there is no through position.

Fig. 9b.

Change-over Selector for Coarse/Fine

Switching
Mechanically, coarse/fine switching is carried out exactly
the same as for the plus/minus switching, the electrical
switching is different however. The change-over selector
connects or disconnects the coarse winding.

11

Characteristics and Technical Data

On-Load Tap-Changer

Standards and Testing

Type Designation

The UB types of on-load tap-changers fulfil the

requirements according to IEC standard, publication
214 (1989-07).

UBB..

XXX/YYY

Type
Type of Switching
L Linear
R Plus/Minus
D Coarse/Fine
Type of Connection
N Three-Phase Star Point
T Three-Phase Fully Insulated
Impulse Withstand Voltage To Earth
200 kV, 350 kV

The type tests include:

The routine tests include:

o Contact temp. rise test

o Switching tests
o Short-circuit current test
o Transition impedance test
o Mechanical tests
o Dielectric tests

o Check of assembly
o Mechanical test
o Sequence test
o Auxiliary circuits
insulation test
o Vacuum test
o Final inspection

Rating Plate

Maximum Rated Through-Current

150 A, 400 A, 500 A
Maximum Number of Positions
Linear Switching:
Plus/Minus Switching:
Coarse/Fine Switching:

14 positions
27 positions
27 positions

Rated Phase Step Voltage

The maximum allowable step voltage is limited by the
electrical strength and the switching capacity of the
selector switch. It is therefore a function of the rated
through-current as shown in Fig. 10.
Step Voltage (V)

Fig. 11. Example of rating plate

1500

1000

500

100

200

300

400

500
Rated throughcurrent (A)

A. Tap-changer with: max 14 positions linear,

13, 25-27 positions plus/minus,
25-27 positions coarse/fine
B. Tap-changer with: max 12 positions linear,
11, 21-23 positions plus/minus
21-23 positions coarse/fine
C. Tap-changer with: max 10 positions linear,
9, 15-19 positions plus/minus
15-19 positions coarse/fine

Fig. 10. Rated phase step voltage

12

fm_00252

Number of
operations

Contact Life
The predicted contact life of the fixed and moving
contacts of the selector switch, is shown as a function of
the rated through-current in Fig. 12. The values are
calculated from the results of the service duty test. For
step voltages equal to or below 40 V at 50 Hz and equal
to or below 50 V at 60 Hz the predicted contact life is
always 500 000 operations.

500 000

Mechanical Life

200 000

The mechanical life of the tap-changer is based on an

endurance test. The test showed that the mechanical
wear was negligible, and that the tap-changer was still
mechanically sound after more than 500 000 operations.

100 000

150A

300 000

100

1)

Insulation levels kV
to earth
between phases
fully insulated 1)
20070
350140

200

300
400
500A
Rated through current

Fig. 12. Predicted contact life at 50 Hz. At 60 Hz

the predicted contact life is about 20 % higher,
up to the maximum 500.000 operations.

The insulation levels are indicated as 1.2/50 s impulse

withstand voltage power frequency withstand voltage.

200/...
350/...

80 %

400 000

lnsulation Levels

UBB
On-load tap-changer type

300600A

80 %

20070
350140

Max service voltage between phases for

fully insulated design UBB.T 1)
kV
36.5
76

Class II according to IEC 214, clause 8.6.2

Within one phase

Type of
switching

Linear

Number of
positions

a2
Between the first
and the last
contacts
(Figs. 1315)

10
12
14

20060
18060
17060

Plus/Minus 9, 1519
11, 2123
13, 2527

20060
18060
17060

Coarse/Fine

20060
18060
17060

1519
2123
2527

Between phases for neutral point type

c1
Across
change-over
selector
(Figs. 14 and 15)

b1
In selector
switch

25060

25060

d1
In change-over
selector
BIL 200

BIL 350

25060

350140

Table 1. Insulation levels

b1 is to the corresponding contacts
in the next phase

Fig. 13. Linear switching

Fig. 14. Plus/minus switching

13

b1 and d1 are to the corresponding

contacts in the next phase

Fig. 15. Coarse/fine switching

Short Circuit Current Strength

Occasional Overloading

The short circuit current strength is verified with three

applications of 2 seconds duration, without moving the
contacts between the three applications. Each application has an initial value of 2.5 times the rms value.

If the rated through-current of the tap-changer is not less

than the highest value of tapping current of the tapped
winding of the transformer, the tap-changer will not
restrict the occasional overloading of the transformer,
according to IEC 354 Loading guide for oil-immersed
transformers (1991), ANSI/IEEE C57.92 Guide for
loading mineral-oil-immersed power transformers and
CAN/CSA-C88-M90.

Max Rated ThroughThree Applications of

Current
2 Seconds Duration
A rms
A rms
150, 400, 500

To meet these requirements, the UB models have been

designed so that the contact temperature rise over the
surrounding oil, never exceeds 20 K at a current of 1.2
times the maximum rated through-current of the tapchanger.

8000

Table 2.

Highest Phase Service Voltage Across

the Regulating Winding

The contact life stated on the rating plate, and given in

this guide, is given considering that overload currents of
maximum 1.5 times the rated through-current occur
during a maximum of 3% of the tap-changer operations.

The highest permissible phase service voltage is the

product of the maximum number of steps and the
allowable step voltage according to Fig. 10.

Overloading beyond these values, results in increased

contact wear and shorter contact life.

Tie-in Resistors

Oil Temperature

If the service voltage and the winding capacitances are

such that the recovery voltage of the change-over
selector exceeds 25 kV, it must be limited to this value or
lower, by means of a tie-in resistor. The tie-in resistors
are placed under the bottom for star point types and on
the connections outside the cylinder for fully insulated
types.

The temperature of the oil surrounding the on-load tapchanger shall be between -25 and +105 oC for normal
operation, as illustrated in Fig. 16. The range can be
extended to -40 oC provided that the viscosity of the
tap-changer oil is between 2-800 mm 2/s (= cst).
o

Calculation rules for tie-in resistors are provided in a

separate document, On-Load Tap-Changer Tie-in
Resistors, 5492 0030E-28

C
1)

+115
2)
+105

Rated Through-Current
The rated through-current of the tap-changer is the
current which the tap-changer is capable of transferring
from one tapping to the other at the relevant rated step
voltage, and which can be carried continuously whilst
meeting the technical data in this document.

3)

1) No operations allowed
2) Emergency overloading.
The on-load tap-changer will not
restrict the occasional overloading
of the transformer according to the
standards in section Occasional
Overloading above.
3) Normal operating range.

0
4) When operating within this range,
no overload is allowed.

The rated through-current is limited by the step voltage

according to the curve in the diagram, Fig. 10.

-25
4)
-40

The rated through-current determines the dimensioning

of the transition resistors and the contact life.

5) Operation with de-energized

transformer only.

5)

The rated through-current is stated on the rating plate,

Fig. 11.

Fig. 16. On-load tap-changer oil temperature

fm_00215

Maximum Rated Through-Current

The UB models are designed for maximum rated
through-currents of 150 A, 400 A or 500 A.

Conductors from the Windings

The temperature of the conductors connected to the
terminals on the back of the on-load tap-changer must
not exceed 30 K over the surrounding oil.

14

Design, Installation and Maintenance

On-Load Tap-Changer
Single-Phase Diagrams
The basic connection diagrams illustrate the different
types of switching and the appropriate connections to the
transformer windings. The diagrams illustrate the
connections with the maximum number of turns in the
transformer winding, with the tap-changer in position 1.

The tap-changer can also be connected in such a way

that position 1 gives a minimum effective number of
turns in the transformer winding with the tap-changer in
position 1.
The connection diagrams can be downloaded from our
website: www.abb.se/com/

Linear

Plus/minus

Coarse/Fine

8
9

4
9

4
9

8 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)
9 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

9
10

15

Linear

Plus/minus

Coarse/Fine

10 Regulating steps

Number of Loops
Tap Positions (Electrical)

10
11

5
11

5
11

6
13

6
13

11 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

11
12

12 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

12
13

13 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

13
14

16

Plus/minus

Coarse/Fine

14 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

8
15

7
15

8
17

8
17

10
19

9
19

10
21

10
21

16 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)
18 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)
20 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

17

Plus/minus

Coarse/Fine

22 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

12
23

11
23

12
25

12
25

14
27

13
27

24 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)
26 Regulating steps

Number of loops
Tap positions (electrical)

Basic connection diagrams for the UBB series of on-load tap-changers

18

Drying

Maintenance

The tap-changer should be stored indoors and left in its

plastic shipping cover until time for assembly. Drying of
the tap-changer is not necessary if the plastic cover not
have been destroyed before assembly.

The UB range of on-load tap-changers has been

developed to provide a maximum of reliability. The
simple and rugged design gives a service life that equals
the service life of the transformer. A minimum of maintenance is required for absolutely trouble-free operation.
The only parts that require maintenance during the
service life are the contacts, the oil and the motor-drive
mechanism.

The tap-changer can be dried together with the transformer according to one of the following processes:
alternating hot-air and vacuum or vapour-phase at a
maximum temperature of 135 oC (275 oF) and a maximum pressure difference of 100 kPa between the tapchanger and the transformer.

An annual inspection should be carried out while the

transformer is in service. At this inspection the counter is
read to determine when overhaul is due.

Painting

Overhaul shall normally be carried out after one fifth of

estimated contact life or at least every fifth year,
whichever comes first. The overhaul must be carried out
by personnel well acquainted with the product. At
overhaul the oil is drained and the insert is lifted up. The
overhaul mainly consist of cleaning, checking of the
contacts (replacement if they are worn) and filtering or
replacement of the oil. The motor-drive mechanism and
shaft system should also be checked and lubricated, and
the pressure relay checked.

The top section against air of the tap-changer is painted

on surfaces facing the air.
The painting system consist of 3 layers,
30 m single component acrylic based primer
60 m two component epoxy based primer and
60 m two component polyurethane based finishing
coat.
The finishing colour is grey/blue according to Munsell
5.5B 5.5/1.25.

The appropriate Maintenance Guide should be consulted

for further information.

Weights
Table 3 contains the weights of all the models in the UB
range of on-load tap-changers. The motor-drive
mechanism and the drive shaft system are not included
in the overall weight.
On-load tap-changer
Type designation

Approx. weight in kg
Tap-changer
Required
without oil
oil

Oil Filter Unit

The on-load tap-changer can be equipped with an oil
filter unit for continuous oil filtration. For further
information, see manual 1ZSE 5492-152.

Ordering Alternatives

Total

Pipe
UBBLN XXX/YYY
UBBRN XXX/YYY
UBBDN XXX/YYY

140

UBBLT XXX/YYY
UBBRT XXX/YYY
UBBDT XXX/YYY

155

100

240

Standard
Valve R

125

Pipe for connection to conservator

280

Cover with air release valve

fm_00258

Pressure relay

Table 3. Weights
Motor-drive mechanism (BUL):
Motor-drive mechanism (BUE):
Drive shaft system:

Draining
For assembly of pipe and valve on the transformer
75 kg
130 kg
Approx. 10 kg

Pipe with air release valve for oil-draining

Pipe for connection to conservator

Oil Filling

Cover with air release valve

fm_00255

Pressure relay

For the correct oil filling procedure, consult the

appropriate Installation and Commissioning Guide.

Oil filtering
Pipe for connection to oil-filter, suction side

Installation

Pipe for connection to conservator

For installation instructions, consult the appropriate

Installation and Commissioning Guide.

fm_00257

Pipe for connection to oil-filter, return pipe

Pressure relay

19

Pressure Relay
Switching contact
30

54

67

ABB Components

Cable gland for

cable 6-13 mm

~200

~35

Adjusting nut
Spring
Piston

,,
,,

110

One single-pole
switching contact

Connection for
test equipment
R 1/8

~155

15

32

11

Two single-pole
switching contacts

NO NC C NO NC C
64 66 65 61 63 62

NO NC C
61 63 62

fm_00213

Fig. 17.
General Description

The pressure relay is designed for one or two switching

elements. The function pressure (set point) has been
set by the manufacturer. The micro-switch is
hermetically sealed and filled with nitrogen with overpressure, and separated from the connection space with
a sealed cap. These measures are done to ensure a
safe function.

Protection for the on-load tap-changer is provided by a

pressure relay which is mounted on the tap-changer
cover. In the event of an over-pressure in the tapchanger, the relay will trip the transformer main circuit
breakers. After a pressure relay trip, the tap-changer
must be opened and carefully investigated according to
the Repair Guide. Faults, if any are located, should be
repaired before the tap-changer is energized.

Operation

Design

When the pressure acting on the face of the piston

exceeds the spring load of the piston, the piston will
move and activate the switching element.

The pressure relay is mounted on a three-way valve. On

the other two outlets of the valve there is a connection
flange on one side, and a connection for test equipment
on the other, see Fig. 17.

The function time is less than 15 ms in the temperature

range of -40 oC to +80 oC, with a pressure of 20-40 MPa/
sec. The function time is the time from the pressure in
the on-load tap-changer oil compartment exceeds the
adjusted set point of the pressure relay until the pressure
relay gives a stable signal for operating the main circuit
breakers.

The pressure relay housing is made of copper-free

aluminium alloy and is externally coated with an enamel.
A stainless steel model can be provided on request.
Degree of protection IP66.

Technical data Micro-switch

Voltage

Function Pressure

Breaking capacity
Resistive Inductive
load
load

Withstand voltage
between open
contacts

110 V DC

0.8 A

0.2 A

L < 40 ms
R

125 V DC

0.6 A

0.15 A

220 V DC

0.4 A

0.1 A

L < 40 ms
R
L < 40 ms 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
R

125 V AC

5A

5 A cos j > 0.4

250 V AC

2.5 A

2.5 A cos j > 0.4

The function pressure (set point) is 100 kPa (14 Psi) if

the oil level is less than 7 metres above the level of the
pressure relay. Pressure relay with higher function
pressure can be delivered on request.
Testing
At commissioning of the transformer and for testing the
pressure relay, the instructions in the Installation and
Commissioning Guide should be consulted.

Table 4.

20

Dimensions, On-Load Tap-Changer

Type UBB

Motor-Drive Mechanism
Design

All dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise

stated.

For detailed design description, see separate Technical

Guides for Motor-Drive Mechanisms types BUL or BUE
respectively.

To oil conservator

132

Installation
The motor-drive mechanism is fitted to the outside of the
transformer tank, and connected to the tap-changer (or
tap-changers) by drive shafts and bevel gears.
For correct installation procedure, consult the
appropriate Installation and Commissioning Guide.
H (see table 5)

Maintenance
The motor-drive mechanism should be inspected at
regular intervals and at the same time as the tapchanger is inspected.
For the correct inspection and maintenance procedures,
consult the appropriate Maintenance Guide.

600

394

Fig. 18. Dimensions, Type UBB

On-load tap-changer
Type Designation

Dimension H
mm

UBBLN XXX/YYY
UBBRN XXX/YYY
UBBDN XXX/YYY

1193

UBBLT XXX/YYY
UBBRT XXX/YYY
UBBDT XXX/YYY

1489

Table 5. Dimensions, Type UBB

21

Dimensions, Drive Shaft System and Motor-Drive Mechanism

All dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.

AA
o

> 500 mm

1)

R67.50.5

45

70

921

96

Drillingplan for gearbox

36

775

825

115

75

> 525 mm 1)

M10 (4x)

426

318

BUE 1

BUL

268

366

338

263

12
5 o 2)

)
o2

140

168

192

1) Angle deviation max 4o

2) The shaft can be mounted
within these angles.
(The gearbox stepless turnable).
90o if a pressure relief is used

Fig. 20. Dimensions, drive shaft system and motor-drive mechanism

22

Notes:

23

Printed in Sweden by Globe, Ludvika, 2000

1ZSE 5492-106 en, Rev. 4, 2000-06-30

ABB Components AB
Visiting address: Lyviksvgen 10
Postal address: SE-771 80 Ludvika, SWEDEN
Tel.+46 240 78 20 00
Fax +46 240 121 57
E-mail: [email protected]
www.abb.com