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EFP

End fault protection-basics

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Neelakandan Masilamani
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271 views

EFP

End fault protection-basics

Uploaded by

Neelakandan Masilamani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

Topic:

Technology and Solutions


Protection and Substation Automation

END FAULT
PROTECTION
APPLICATION

EFP_basics / 2003-04-01 / RW

ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1

BASICS

Topic Objectives
Objectives
r Definition Protection Zone - Physical Zone
r Definition End- Fault Condition
r Fault clearance without EFP
r Fault evaluation
r EFP application
r Fault clearance with EFP
r End- Fault Condition in a bus- coupler
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r CB auxiliary circuits
r Modern protection systems
r BBP - additional CB functionality on feeders
r Future standards

Definition Protection Zone - Physical Zone


protection
zone

2 CTs
(overlapped
protection zones)

protection
zone

1 CT

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protection
zone

protection
zone
line zone

busbar zone

(physical)

(physical)

Definition End- Fault Condition


End - Zone

2 CTs
(overlapped
protection zones)

End - Fault

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1 CT

End - Zone

Busbar Configurations

How will an End- Fault condition


be cleared in different busbar
configurations (without any EndFault Protection) ???
CT
line side

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single or multiple
busbar

1 1/2 breaker
busbar

CT
bus side

CT
overlapped
Selectivity
Speed
Selectivity
Speed

Fault clearance (without EFP)

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Busbar

I. Multiple BB, CT line side

Fault clearance (without EFP)

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Line

I. Multiple BB, CT line side

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Line

Busbar

Fault clearance (without EFP)


II. Multiple BB, CT bus side

Fault clearance (without EFP)


II. Multiple BB, CT bus side

Line Distance

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OC Back- up

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Line

Busbar

Fault clearance (without EFP)


III. Multiple BB, CT overlapped

Fault clearance (without EFP)

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III. Multiple BB, CT overlapped

Fault clearance (without EFP)


IV. 1 1/2 CB BB, CT line side

OC Back- up

OC Back- up
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Line Distance

Fault clearance (without EFP)


V. 1 1/2 CB BB, CT bus side

OC Back- up
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OC Back- up

Fault clearance (without EFP)

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VI. 1 1/2 CB BB, CT overlapped

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Fault Evaluation
CT
line side

CT
bus side

CT
overlapped

single or multiple
busbar

++

++

Selectivity

++

Speed

1 1/2 breaker
busbar

++

Selectivity

++

Speed

++

very good

acceptable

critical

Fault Evaluation
Conclusion:

An additional protection function is


required in CT bus side and 1 1/2 circuit
breaker configuration without
overlapped CTs

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!!!

End- Fault Protection Function

End- Fault Protection Function


logic depending on the
switchgear configuration
(CT bus side, Line side;
1 1/2 CB)
CB open

EFP

~120 ms

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feeder
current

&

I>
remote
tripping

intertripping

t = EFP pick up time (higher than the highest possible


arc extinguish time + safety time

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Fault clearance (with EFP)

How will an End- Fault


condition be cleared in
different busbar configurations
(with End- Fault Protection)
???

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Line

Busbar

Fault clearance (with EFP)


II. Multiple BB, CT bus side

Fault clearance (with EFP)


II. Multiple BB, CT bus side

Fault cleared selectively


!!!(~250ms)

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Intertripping

EFP
G

Fault clearance (with EFP)


IV. 1 1/2 CB BB, CT line side

Intertripping
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Remote trip

EFP
Fault cleared selectively
!!!(~250ms)

Fault clearance (with EFP)

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V. 1 1/2 CB BB, CT bus side

Intertripping

EFP
Fault cleared selectively
!!!(~250ms)

End- Fault Condition in a Bus- Coupler

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How will an End- Fault


condition be cleared in a
bus- coupler (without any
EFP)
???

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End- Fault Condition in a Bus- Coupler


BB2

BB1

~
~

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End- Fault Condition in a Bus- Coupler

End- Fault Condition in a Bus- Coupler

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by the coupler
function of the
BUSBAR protection

End Fault Protection application


Summery:
An EFP function in strictly required in:
r multiple BB configuration with CT bus side
r 1 1/2 circuit breaker configuration without
overlapped CTs
It is not required in:
r configuration with overlapped CTs
It will reduce the tripping time in:
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r a bus- coupler
r multiple BB configuration with CT line side

CB auxiliary circuits

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What problem will


occur in case on a switch
onto fault situation
???

CB auxiliary circuits

CT bus side

EFP will trip the BB wrongly

flash over before CB


indicates closed

CB open !!!
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CB closing
command

I>
EFP enabled

CB auxiliary circuits
CT line side

flash over before CB


indicates closed

CB open !!!
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CB closing
command

I>
EFP enabled

EFP will trip the line remote end wrongly

CB auxiliary circuits

in case on a switch onto fault


situation the EFP will generate a
tripping signal before the closed
indication appears

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(flash- over in the circuit breaker)

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CB auxiliary circuits

How can this be avoided


???

CB auxiliary circuits

the protection system must be


informed in advance that the CB is
going to be closed

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by the (manual) close command


of the CB

End- Fault Protection Function


logic depending on the
switchgear configuration
(CT bus side, Line side;
1 1/2 CB)
CB open

EFP

~120 ms

CB (manual)
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feeder
current

close command

I>

&
remote
tripping

intertripping

t = EFP pick up time (higher than the highest possible


arc extinguish time + safety time

CB / isolator auxiliary circuits


Phase
+
CB closing

Phase
+
NC aux.

coil

contacts

S
CB closed
protection

system
CB open
NC aux.

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contacts
CB (manual)
close command
CB close
order
+

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