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Circular Motion Physics

1. Circular motion involves an object moving in a circular path. 2. Key quantities in circular motion include the period (time for one full rotation), frequency (rotations per second), angular distance and displacement (distance traveled along the circular path), and angular velocity (rate of rotation). 3. Angular velocity relates to linear velocity via the equation v = ωr, where v is linear velocity, ω is angular velocity, and r is the radius of the circular path. Centripetal acceleration is directed toward the center of the circular path and relates to angular velocity via the equation ac = ω2r.

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249 views

Circular Motion Physics

1. Circular motion involves an object moving in a circular path. 2. Key quantities in circular motion include the period (time for one full rotation), frequency (rotations per second), angular distance and displacement (distance traveled along the circular path), and angular velocity (rate of rotation). 3. Angular velocity relates to linear velocity via the equation v = ωr, where v is linear velocity, ω is angular velocity, and r is the radius of the circular path. Centripetal acceleration is directed toward the center of the circular path and relates to angular velocity via the equation ac = ω2r.

Uploaded by

dhion13
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Circular Motion
• Circular Motion is the motion of object which have the circular path

I. Quantities in Circular Motion

a. The period
The period is the time required by an object (particle) to
reaches one complete rotation

Consider the figure :


Suppose A passes through a circular path
which has radius R and back to that point
v (A).

0R A

The period of circular motion can be expressed by the equation

t
T =
n

Where T = period
t = rotating time
n = the sun of rotation

b. Frequency
The is the sin of rotation in one second.
There fore can be expressed by the following equation :

n
f=
t

f = frequency
n = the sin of rotation
t = rotation time

The relationship of period (T) and frequency (f) can be expressed by :

1 1
T= f or f=
T

2. Angular Distance and Angular Displacement


A
X The particle which moves from A to B
θ within time interval ∆t = tB – tA the
B
particle are changing angular position
of Ө and traveling the path of X
2

Then the angular displacement or distance can be determine as


follows

X
θ=
R

Ө = the angular displacement or distance (rad)


X = the linear displacement or distance (m)
R = the radius of path (m)

When a particle travels one complete rotation, then X = 2πR (one


circum ferine of circle), there fore

X 2πR
θ= =
R R

θ = 2π radian

If related with one complete rotation angle, then 1 rotation = 2π radian


= 360

3. Angular velocity (speed) = ω

The angular speed or velocity of particle which moves in a circular


motion can be expressed by the following equation :

θ1 − θ 0 ∆θ
ω= =
t1 − t 0 ∆t

ω = the average angular speed or velocity (rad/s)


∆θ = angular displacement (rad)
Δt = interval time

The angular velocity can also expressed in rpm (rotation per minute
unit)

1 rotation 2π rad π
1 rpm = = = rad / s
minute 60 second 30

The relation ship of Angular velocity with period and frequency can be
expressed by the equation as follows.

2π 1
ω= → because T = f
T

then : ω = 2πf
3

ω = angular velocity
T = period
f = frequency

4. Linear speed (V)

A particle travels one complete rotation, or circumference of


circle 2 πR in one the period (T)

2πR
There fore : v= → v = 2π f R
T

The relationship of Angular velocity with linear velocity.

2πR 2π
v= → ω=
T T

Then v=ω.R v = linear velocity


T = period
ω = angular velocity

Angular Acceleration : α

∆ω
α=
∆t

Tangential acceleration (at)

∆v
at =
∆t

Because : v = ω . R, then R . Δω = Δv

∆ωR ∆ω
at = =α
∆t ∆t

then at = α . R

The centripetal acceleration (as)

The centripetal acceleration that is the acceleration of the object which


its direction to word the center of the circle.

The centripetal acceleration can be determined by the equation as


follows.

v2
as = → as = ω 2 . R
R

then a = 2
at + a s
2
4

5. Angular Distance

θ=ω.t → θ = θo + θ

θt = θo + ω . t

θ = θo + θ1

θ1 = ω ο t + ½ α t2

θ = θo + ω ο t + ½ α t2 → θo = 0

Then θ = ω ο t + ½ α t2

Give two wheels with different radius are connected in two ways, as
shown below
ωA = ω B ωA ≠ ωωBA ≠ ωB
vA ≠ vB vA = vBvA = vB

A B

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