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ROAD DESIGN
STANDARD

PART 1. GEOMETRY
CAM PW.03.101.99

1999

ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

FOREWORD
The Cambodia Road Design Standard is intended to be used for the design of all
new roads in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The Cambodian Road Design Standard
consists of the following complementary documents which shall be considered
together:
-

CAM PW 03-101-99 Road Design Standard Part 1 - Geometry;

CAM PW 03-102-99 Road Design Standard Part 2 - Pavement;

CAM PW 03-103-99 Road Design Standard Part 3 - Drainage;

For the purpose of regulating and interpreting the provisions of this Standard, the
AUTHORITY shall be the Cambodian Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

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ROAD DESIGN PART 1 - GEOMETRY, CAM PW 03-101-99

FOREWORD

ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

This document has been produced for the

Kingdom of Cambodia as a joint Australia
Cambodia project sponsored by the Australian
Agency for International Development (AusAID).
Valuable assistance and operational advice was
provided by the staff of the Cambodian Ministry of
Public Works and Transport (MPWT)
Technical research and specialist input was
provided by the Australian consulting firms of
McMillan Britton & Kell Pty Limited and Willing &
Partners Pty Ltd.

Reproduction of extracts from this publication may be made subject to due

acknowledgment of the source.
Although this publication is believed to be correct at the time of printing, neither the
MPWT nor AusAID accept responsibility for any consequences arising from the use
of the information contained in it. People using the information should apply, and
rely upon, their own skill and judgement to the particular issue which they are
considering.

ROAD DESIGN PART 1 - GEOMETRY, CAM PW 03-101-99

FOREWORD

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ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 7
1.1.1

Design Standards.................................................................................. 7

1.2

DESIGN STANDARDS & ROAD CLASSIFICATION ............................ 7

1.2.1

Design Factors ...................................................................................... 7

1.2.1.1

Financial Level ........................................................................................ 7

1.2.1.2

Terrain ..................................................................................................... 7

1.2.1.3

Traffic Volume ......................................................................................... 7

1.2.1.4

Traffic Composition ................................................................................. 8

1.2.1.5

Safety ...................................................................................................... 8

1.2.1.6

Road Classification ................................................................................. 8

1.2.1.7

Environment ............................................................................................ 8

1.2.1.8

Energy ..................................................................................................... 8

1.2.1.9

Stage Construction.................................................................................. 8

1.2.2

Road Standards..................................................................................... 9

1.2.2.1

Rural and Urban Areas ........................................................................... 9

1.2.2.2

Application of Standards ......................................................................... 9

1.2.3

ROAD CLASSIFICATION .................................................................... 10

1.2.3.1

Function of Road ................................................................................... 10

1.2.3.1.1.1 Categories of Road ............................................................................... 12

1.2.4

ACCESS CONTROL ............................................................................ 13

1.2.4.1

Degree of Control .................................................................................. 13

1.2.4.2

Application............................................................................................. 13

1.2.5

DESIGN STANDARDS......................................................................... 14

1.2.6

Utilities ................................................................................................. 14

1.3

DESIGN CRITERIA .............................................................................. 15

1.3.1

Topography.......................................................................................... 15

1.3.2

Design Vehicles and Characteristics ................................................ 15

1.3.3

Speed.................................................................................................... 19

1.3.3.1

Operating Speed ................................................................................... 19

1.3.3.2

Design Speed........................................................................................ 19

1.3.3.3

Design Sections .................................................................................... 20

1.3.4

Capacity ............................................................................................... 20

1.3.4.1

Average Daily Traffic (ADT) .................................................................. 20

1.3.4.2

Design Hourly Volume (DHV) ............................................................... 20

1.3.4.3

Design Hourly Volume Ratio (K) ........................................................... 21

1.3.4.4

Directional Distribution Ratio (D)........................................................... 21

1.3.4.5

Vehicle capacity conversion.................................................................. 21

1.3.4.6

Capacity under ideal conditions ............................................................ 21

1.3.4.7

Design Volume ...................................................................................... 22

1.3.4.8

Service Volume ..................................................................................... 22

1.3.4.9

Design Level of Service and Volume/Capacity Ratio ........................... 23

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ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

1.4

HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT ................................................................ 24

1.4.1

General ................................................................................................. 24

1.4.2

Movement on a Circular Path............................................................. 24

1.4.3

Superelevation..................................................................................... 25

1.4.3.1

Maximum Super elevation..................................................................... 25

1.4.3.2

Minimum Superelevation....................................................................... 25

1.4.4

Maximum Side Friction ....................................................................... 25

1.4.5

Horizontal Curvature........................................................................... 27

1.4.6

Plan Transition Curves ....................................................................... 28

1.4.7

Application of Superelevation ........................................................... 30

1.4.8

Superelevation Development Length................................................ 31

1.4.8.1

Rate of Rotation .................................................................................... 32

1.4.8.2

Relative Grade ...................................................................................... 32

1.4.9

Positioning of Superelevation Development.................................... 33

1.4.9.1

Plain Circular (No plan transition provided specifically)........................ 33

1.4.9.2

Transitioned Curves .............................................................................. 34

1.4.10

Small Changes in Alignment.............................................................. 34

1.4.11

Widening on Horizontal Curves......................................................... 35

1.4.12

Curves with Adverse Crossfall .......................................................... 36

1.4.13

Radius to Meet Sight Distance Requirements ................................. 36

1.5

SIGHT DISTANCE ................................................................................ 38

1.5.1

General ................................................................................................. 38

1.5.2

Driver Capability.................................................................................. 38

1.5.3

Constants Assumed for Calculation of Sight Distance .................. 39

1.5.4

Height of Eye and Object Cut Off Height .......................................... 39

1.5.5

Stopping Sight Distance..................................................................... 40

1.5.5.1

Derivation .............................................................................................. 40

1.5.5.2

Reaction Time ....................................................................................... 40

1.5.5.3

Longitudinal Deceleration...................................................................... 41

1.5.5.4

Stopping Sight Distance........................................................................ 41

1.5.6

Passing Sight Distance ...................................................................... 42

1.5.6.1

General.................................................................................................. 42

1.5.6.2

Passing Sight Distance ......................................................................... 43

1.5.6.3

Effect of Grade on Passing Sight Distance........................................... 43

1.5.6.4

Frequency and Length of Passing Sections ......................................... 43

1.6

CROSS SECTIONS .............................................................................. 44

1.6.1

Elements of Cross Sections............................................................... 44

1.6.2

Crossfalls ............................................................................................. 44

1.6.2.1

General.................................................................................................. 44

1.6.2.2

Pavement Crossfalls ............................................................................. 45

1.6.2.3

Shoulder Crossfalls ............................................................................... 45

1.6.3

Lane Widths and Marginal Strips ...................................................... 45

1.6.4

Shoulder Widths.................................................................................. 46

1.6.4.1

General Characteristics......................................................................... 46

ROAD DESIGN PART 1 - GEOMETRY, CAM PW 03-101-99

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ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

1.6.4.2

Width of Shoulders ................................................................................ 47

1.6.4.3

Shoulder Structure ................................................................................ 47

1.6.5

MEDIANS.............................................................................................. 47

1.6.5.1

General.................................................................................................. 47

1.6.5.2

Median Types and Width ...................................................................... 48

1.6.6

PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS ................................................................ 50

1.7

VERTICAL ALIGNMENT...................................................................... 51
1.7.1

General ................................................................................................. 51

1.7.2

Type of Curve ...................................................................................... 51

1.7.3

Crest Vertical Curves.......................................................................... 51

Design Speed (km/h) 52

1.7.4

Sag Vertical curves ............................................................................. 52

1.7.5

GRADES ............................................................................................... 52

1.7.5.1

General.................................................................................................. 52

1.7.5.2

Vehicle Operation on Grades................................................................ 53

1.7.5.3

Uphill Speeds of Vehicles ..................................................................... 53

1.7.5.4

Downhill Speeds of Vehicles................................................................. 53

1.7.5.5

General Maximum Grades .................................................................... 53

1.7.5.6

Grades Steeper than the General Maxima ........................................... 54

1.7.5.7

Critical Grade Length ............................................................................ 55

1.8

DESIGN FORM ..................................................................................... 58

1.8.1

General ................................................................................................. 58

1.8.2

Design Approach ................................................................................ 58

1.8.3

The Driver's View ................................................................................ 58

1.8.4

Fitting the Road to the Terrain........................................................... 59

1.8.5

Horizontal Alignment .......................................................................... 63

1.8.5.1

Minimum Standards .............................................................................. 63

1.8.5.2

Horizontal Curves in Easy Terrain ........................................................ 63

1.8.5.3

Compound Curves ................................................................................ 63

1.8.5.4

Reverse Curves..................................................................................... 63

1.8.5.5

Similar Curves ....................................................................................... 64

1.8.6

Vertical Alignment............................................................................... 64

1.8.7

Combined Horizontal and Vertical Curvature .................................. 65

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ROAD DESIGN STANDARD

Please contact the General Directorate of Public Works!

Address : Corner Norodom Blvd/Street 106, Duan Penh,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Web site : http://www.pwrc.info
E-mail: [email protected]

ROAD DESIGN PART 1 - GEOMETRY, CAM PW 03-101-99

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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