MULTICHOICE PAPER ONE

7. One of the following alloys is non-magnetic - which?

a. 4.0% chromium molybdenum
b. 12.0% chromium
c. Austenitic stainless steel
d. 9.0% nickel steel
23. When a metal regains its original shape when a stress acting upon it is removed, the metal is
said to have:
a. Ductility
b. Plasticity
c. Malleability
d. Elasticity
24. Proof stress is used when non-ferrous metals are undergoing tensile tests to determine the
equivalent:
a. Tenacity
b. Elasticity
c. Yield strength
d. Tensile strength
25. To test a component for vibrational loading, a suitable mechanical test would be:
a. Impact
b. Tensile
c. Compressive
d. Fatigue

27. One purpose of a microscopic examination of a weld is to establish the:

a. Strength of the weld
b. Number of alloying elements
c. Grain size
d. Number of runs used
28. The predominant structure of an hyper-eutectoid steel that has been quenched at above its
upper critical point will be:
a. Austenite
b. Martensite
c. Troostite
d. Sorbite
29. When weld metal refinement takes place in a multi-run deposit, it is known by the term:
a. Weld annealing
b. Weld refining

c. Weld normalising
d. Weld recrystallisation
30.
MULTICHOICE PAPER TWO
1. BS499 communicates by the use of symbols the type of joint preparation to be used. Which
of the following symbols indicates the depth of weld penetration required on the joint?
a.
b. 10
c. 10
d.
10
2. Which of the following symbols would indicate that a weld has to be finished on the 'other'
side of the weld?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9. Which of the following elements has the greater effect on the hardenability of a steel plate?
a. Molybdenum
b. Chromium
c. Titanium
d. Carbon
14. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in which of the following properties?
a. Ductility
b. Toughness
c. Fatigue strength
d. Mechanical strength

16. In X-ray work the quality of the radiographic image is assessed by the:
a. Density of the film
b. IQI indicator
c. KVA available
d. Stand-off distance
17. A steel described as QT will have improved tensile properties because it has:
a. Had control of chemical composition

b. Been heat-treated
c. Been quality tested
d. Been vacuum melted
18. Which one of the following types of steel would give rise to the formation of porosity when
autogenously welde
d with an arc process?
a. Fully killed steel
b. Semi killed steel
c. Rimming steel
d. Fine grained steel
23. In a steel that has improved creep properties at elevated temperatures, which one of the
following elements helps in this improvement?
a. Tungsten
b. Manganese
c. Molybdenum
d. Carbon
28. In a tensile test a brittle material would be indicated if the fracture surface:
a. Shows a reduction in size
b. Is flat and featureless
c. Breaks in the parent material
d. Breaks at 45 to the load

MULTICHOICE PAPER THREE

1. The British code for visual inspection requirements is:
a. BS 4872
b. BS 499
c. BS 4870
d. None of the above
3. Incomplete root penetration in a butt joint could be caused by:
a. Excessive root face width
b. Excessive root gap size
c. Low current setting
d. Both A and C
4. Incomplete root fusion would certainly be caused by:
a. Linear misalignment

b. Incorrect tilt angle

c. Differing root face widths
d. All of the above

6. You notice a very 'veed' ripple shape. This is most likely caused by:
a. Poor consumable choice
b. Welding position
c. Excessive travel speed
d. All the above
7. Toe blending is important as it may affect:
a. Corrosion
b. Fatigue life
c. Overlap type defects
d. All the above
9. Undercut is principally caused by:
a. Excessive amps
b. Excessive volts
c. Excessive travel speed
d. All the above
10. Undercut is normally assessed by:
a. Its depth
b. Its length
c. It's blending
d. All the above
11.
12. An essential variable may:
a. Change the properties of a weld
b. Influence the visual acceptability
c. Require re-approval of a weld procedure
d. All the above
13. A magnifying glass may be used during visual inspection, but BS 5289 states that its
magnification should be:
a. Up to 5
b. 2 to 2.5
c. 5 to 10

d. None of the above

15. A planar defect is:

a. Incomplete fusion defects
b. Slag inclusion
c. Incomplete penetration
d. Both A and C
16. Penetrant inspection and magnetic particle inspection are mainly used:
a. To aid visual inspection
b. Because the application says so
c. To confirm visual uncertainties
d. All the above
17. Defects outside the limits specified in a standard should always be:
a. Repaired
b. Reported to 'a senior person'
c. Assessed along with other defects
d. All the above
20. The main cause of porosity in welded joints is:
a. Poor access
b. Loss of gas shield
c. 'Dirty' materials
d. All the above
22. A weave technique may give rise to:
a. Better profiles
b. Improved toe blending
c. Improved ripple shape
d. All the above
23. With reference to a root penetration bead you would certainly assess:
a. Root fusion and penetration
b. Root concavity
c. Burnthrough
d. All the above
24. In a fatigue failure the appearance of the fracture surface is characteristic. It would be:
a. Rough and torn
b. 'Chevron'-like

c. Smooth
d. None of the above
25. Stray arcing may be regarded as a serious defect because:
a. It may reduce the thickness dimension of a component
b. It may cause loquation cracks
c. It may cause hard zones
d. All the above
26
27.
28. Macroscopic examination requires any specimen to be inspected:
a. Once, after etching
b. Twice, before and after etching
c. Using a microscope
d. None of the above
29. Which of the following may be classed as a more serious defect:
a. Slag inclusions
b. Fusion defects (inter-run)
c. Fusion defects (surface)
d. Porosity
30. A code of practice is:
a. A standard for workmanship only
b. A set of rules for manufacturing a specific product
c. Levels of acceptability of a weldment
d. None of the above
MULTICHOICE PAPER FOUR
1.

3. Oxy pressure and nozzle size in flame cutting would influence:

a. The temperature required for cut initiation
b. The ability to cut stainless steels
c. The depth of the cut obtainable
d. None of the above
4. The main usage of arc cutting/gouging processes is:
a. The cutting of single bevel preparations
b. The removal of deposited welds
c. The cutting of single U type preparations

d. The cutting/gouging of non-ferrous materials only

9. Which type of SAW flux is more resistant to moisture absorption?
a. Fused
b. Agglomerated
c. Basic
d. All the above have the same resistance
10. The flame temperature of oxy/acetylene mixture gas is given as:
a. 3200C
b. 2300C
c. 5000C
d. None of the above
11. A large grain structure in steels is said to produce:
a. Low ductility values
b. Low fracture toughness values
c. High fracture value values
d. High tensile strength
12. The likelihood of brittle fracture in steels will increase with:
a. A large grain formation
b. A reduction of in-service temperature to sub zero temperatures
c. Ferritic rather than austenitic steels
d. All the above
16. Porosity is caused by:
a. Entrapped slag in the solidifying weld
b. Entrapped gas in the solidifying weld
c. Entrapped metallic inclusions in the solidifying weld
d. None of the above
17. In a bend test the face of the specimen is in tension and the root is in compression. What
type of test is being carried out?
a. A root bend test
b. A side bend test
c. A face bend test
d. None of the above

19. Tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the following processes?
a. Annealing

b. Normalising
c. Hardening
d. Stress relieving

25. Gamma rays and X-rays are part of a family of waves called:
a. Acoustic waves
b. Light waves
c. Electromagnetic waves
d. Transverse waves
26. A measure of the accuracy of a radiograph as an NDT tool is given by its:
a. Intensity
b. Density
c. Sensitivity
d. Exposure

28. The advantage of ultrasonic non-destructive testing for the examination of weldments is:
a. It can be used to locate flaws
b. It can be used to size flaws
c. It has a high sensitivity to planar flaws
d. All the above
29. Under normal contract conditions weld procedure approval tests for pipework are:
a. Mandatory
b. Dependant on site and weather conditions
c. Dependant upon the contractor's confidence in his procedures
d. Only required when MMA welding is used

MULTICHOICE PAPER FIVE

3. Cobalt as an isotope would generally be used on:

a. Thin material.
b. Tee joints.
c. Plate thicknesses greater than 25 mm.

d. All the above.

4.
.
5. Weld symbols placed on a dotted line in accordance with ISO requirements means:
a. Weld on 'arrow' side.
b. Weld on 'other' side.
c. Weld on site.
d. Full penetration required.

7. Technically, a code of practice is:

a. A standard.
b. A 'set of rules' for the manufacture of a product.
c. Related to welder and weld procedure approval.
d. All the above.
8. The correct term for 'cap height' is:
a. Reinforcement.
b. Cap profile height.
c. Excess weld metal.
d. All the above.
9. A tensile test will assess:
a. Impact values.
b. Stress.
c. Strain.
d. Both b and c.
10. The important point of high temperature steels is that:
a. They can withstand creep failure.
b. They may suffer re-heat cracking problems.
c. They may suffer loss of toughness.
d. All the above.

17. Ultrasonics would be preferred over radiography due to:

a. Ability to find most defects.
b. Lower skill requirement.
c. Ability to detect laminations.
d. Both a and c.

25. Which of the following defects would you not expect to find by visual inspection of welds?
a. Linear slag inclusions.
b. Undercut.
c. Overlap.
d. Linear misalignment.

27. What is the maximum hardness usually recommended for the heat-affected zone of a
medium strength ferritic steel weld?
a. 100 DP Hv.
b. 350 DP Hv.
c. 500 DP Hv.
d. 750 DP Hv.
28. What effect does mid thickness laminations in steel plate normally have when they are
located within a weld heat affected zone?
a. Cause lamellar tearing.
b. Fuse together to form a bond.
c. Affect the weld metal composition.
d. Cause internal tearing on a micro scale.
29.
30. The overall length of a pipeline can be affected by:
a. Transverse shrinkage.
b. Longitudinal shrinkage.
c. Angular shrinkage.
d. Circumferential shrinkage.

MULTICHOICE PAPER SIX

2. An electroslag weld requires what heat treatment to improve the grain structure?

a. Annealing.
b. Stress relieving.
c. Normalising.
d. Quench and tempering.
3. The most common type of failure associated with sharp fillets, notches and undercut is:
a. Crystallisation.
b. Fatigue.
c. Corrosion.
d. Brittle fracture.
4. Weld decay in stainless steels can be avoided by:
a. Stress relieving.
b. Slow cooling after welding.
c. Addition of more manganese to the steel.
d. Addition of titanium to the steel.
5. An eutectoid mixture in steel is:
a. A mixture of ferrite and austenite.
b. A mixture comprising a substitutinal solid solution.
c. Called pearlite.
d. Called ledeburite.
16. Stress relief is not helpful in which of the following cases?
a. In improving resistance to stress corrosion.
b. In improving dimensional stability after machining.
c. In lowering the peak residual stresses.
d. In softening the metal.

19. Chromium, when added to steel as an alloying element, has the effect of making the alloy
more:
a. Ductile.
b. Plastic.
c. Hardenable.
d. Malleable.
20. When depositing weld metal, fusion will take place at the sides of the joint resulting in an
admixture between weld metal and parent metal. This alloying effect is known as:
a. Diffusion.
b. Absorption.
c. Dilution.
d. Migration.

21. Percentage elongation of a metal undergoing a tensile test is a measure of:

a. Elasticity.
b. Plasticity.
c. Ductility.
d. Malleability.
22. When a longitudinal load is put on a lap joint, the stress set up is normally:
a. Shear stress.
b. Tensile stress.
c. Compressive stress.
d. Residual stress.
23. When a metal is subjected to a fluctuating load, a condition of cyclic stressing can be set up,
which eventually can result in structural breakdown known as:
a. Tensile failure.
b. Fatigue failure.
c. Yield failure.
d. Shear failure.
24. What happens to the mechanical properties of steel if the carbon content is increased to
0.5%?
a. The material becomes softer.
b. Malleability is increased.
c. The tensile strength is increased.
d. Ductility is increased.
25. Columnar growth takes place when a metal is:
a. Cold.
b. Losing heat.
c. Being heated.
d. Being rolled.
26. If a low carbon steel pipe has to carry a liquid, care must be taken when making the butt
welds to ensure penetration is not excessive because it:
a. Reduces the flow rate of the liquid.
b. May increase the rate of corrosion.
c. Can contaminate the liquid.
d. May cause excessive pipe wear.
27. When a steel suffers hot shortness, it is mostly due to the presence of:
a. Sulphur.
b. Phosphorous.
c. Silicon.
d. Manganese.
28. When a steel is heated to above its upper critical temperature, the structure produced is:

a. Martensite.
b. Austenite.
c. Pearlite.
d. Sorbite.
29. The type of crystal normally found in a single run arc weld in the as welded condition is:
a. Equi-axed.
b. Polycrystalline.
c. Dendritic.
d. Columnar.
30. The first sub-zone in the heat affected zone of the parent metal nearest the weld deposit will
consist of:
a. Large crystal grains.
b. Small crystal grains.
c. Elongated crystal grains.
d. Distorted crystal grains.
MULTICHOICE PAPER SEVEN
1
2. The different grain structure between the weld deposit and the base metal can be determined
by:
a. A face bend test.
b. A root bend test.
c. A hardness test.
d. An etching test.
3. A root bend test is used to test the amount of weld:
a. Ductility.
b. Elongation.
c. Hardness.
d. Penetration.
5. What is the most common cause of failure in root bend tests?
a. Too high a current setting.
b. Too long a pause in the down cycle of the weave.
c. Lack of fusion and penetration.
d. Too high a travel speed.
6. The purpose of a nick break specimen is to provide a test for:
a. Tensile strength and fracture appearance.

b. Ductility and fracture appearance.

c. Elongation and fracture appearance.
d. Soundness and fracture appearance.
15. Incomplete penetration in a single 'V' butt joint could be caused by:
a. Too large a root gap.
b. Too small a root gap.
c. Too high a heat input.
d. Too small a root face.

17.
18. The main reason why all adhering scale should be removed when the pipe end preparation is
made by oxy-gas cutting is?
a. Oxidisation of the weld metal is minimised.
b. The speed of welding is increased.
c. Pipe bore alignment is made easier.
d. Reduction of the weld deposit is prevented.

23. In the examination of a welded aluminium joint, macro etching may reveal:
a. Lack of inter-run penetration.
b. Carbon pick-up.
c. Weld decay.
d. Micro cracks.
27. Too large a diameter of filler rod should not be used to make a welded joint because:
a. Excess reinforcement profile will be difficult to obtain.
b. The included bevel angle will have to be reduced.
c. Root fusion may be difficult to obtain.
d. The gap setting will have to be changed.
28. If pipe bores are not matched correctly it can result in:
a. Lack of root penetration.
b. Incorrect gap setting.
c. Excessive root faces.
d. Overheating during welding.
29. A correctly made tack weld should slope from the middle to the ends in order to:
a. Aid better penetration at the join-up.
b. Prevent porosity at the join-up.
c. Reduce the electrode size required.

d. Reduce the overall consumable consumption.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1. The ability of a material to withstand a load pulling it apart is called its Tensile Strength.
2. The ability of a material to be stretched out without breaking is called Ductility.
3. An Izod impact machine is used to give indication of the Toughness of a material.
4. The ability to withstand indentation is called Hardness.
5. Lack of ductility is called Brittleness.
6. The property of a metal to return to its original shape is called Elasticity.
7. Increase in carbon content causes an Increase in strength and hardness.
8. When carbon percentage increases, there is a decrease in Ductility.
9. Low carbon steel contains less than 0.2% carbon.
10. Low ductility in a weld metal could result in Cracking.
11. Alloying is used to Increase mechanical and physical properties of a steel.
12. Sulphur and phosphorus are not alloying elements; they are Impurities.
13. Alloying allows designers to use Smaller/Thinner sections and still have the same strength.
14. An alloy that contains a high percentage of chromium and nickel would have resistance
to Corrosion.
15. Quenching a carbon or low alloy steel will result in an Increase in hardness and a Decreasein
ductility.
16. The hard constituent that results when steel is quenched is called Martensite.
17. The tough laminated structure that is formed on slow cooling of ferrite and iron carbide
(cementite) is called Pearlite.
18. The amount of martensite formed depends on the speed of Cooling and the percentage
of Carbon.

19. After quenching, the structure may be improved by reheating to 200-300C. This is called
Tempering.
20. Small percentages of chromium will increase the strength and Hardness, while a small
percentage of nickel will increase Toughness.