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CHE 378: Heat and Mass Transfer: Spring 2014 Exam 1 Review Sheet

This document provides an overview and review of key concepts in heat and mass transfer covered in CHE 378 for the Spring 2014 Exam 1. It discusses the three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation - and the governing equations for each. It also summarizes concepts related to the conservation of energy, steady and transient heat conduction, dimensionless analysis, thermal resistance networks, and finned heat exchangers.

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Danson Fan
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408 views

CHE 378: Heat and Mass Transfer: Spring 2014 Exam 1 Review Sheet

This document provides an overview and review of key concepts in heat and mass transfer covered in CHE 378 for the Spring 2014 Exam 1. It discusses the three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation - and the governing equations for each. It also summarizes concepts related to the conservation of energy, steady and transient heat conduction, dimensionless analysis, thermal resistance networks, and finned heat exchangers.

Uploaded by

Danson Fan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHE 378: Heat and Mass Transfer

Spring 2014
Exam 1 Review Sheet
Three modes of heat transfer
o Conduction transfer of energy from more energetic particles to adjacent less
energetic particles as a result of interactions (vibrations, collisions) between
particles
Q
Fouriers Law: q kT
A
o Convection Energy transfer between a surface and the adjacent liquid or gas in
by bulk motion (forced and natural convection)
Q
Newtons Law of Cooling: q
h(Ts T )
A
o Radiation Energy emitted by matter in the form of electromagnetic waves

Stefan-Boltzman Law:

Q
Ts4
A

Conservation of Energy
o Equation of Thermal Energy
Du

q p v v : g
Dt
A
B
C
D
E

A: Rate of internal energy gain per unit volume


B: Rate of internal energy input by conduction per unit volume
C: Reversible rate of internal energy increase per unit volume by compression
D: Irreversible rate of internal energy increase per unit volume by viscous
dissipation
E: Rate of heat generation per unit volume
o Heat Conduction Equation
Constant physical properties, no phase change
Applicable for a solid, incompressible fluid, or fluid at constant pressure with
no bulk motion
T
C p
k 2T g
dt
k
T
or
2T g where the thermal diffusivity is given by
C p
dt

Steady, One-Dimensional Conduction


o Plane wall: Temp varies linearly with x and is not a function of k, q and Q are
constants and are independent of x
o Cylinder: Temp is logarithmic (not linear) with respect to r, q varies as 1/r and is
not constant, Q is constant and independent of r
o Sphere: Temp varies as 1/r, q varies as 1/r2, Q is constant and independent of r
Thermal Resistance
T
o Q
R
o Plane wall: R

L
kA

r2
r1
o Cylinder: R
2Lk
ln

o Sphere: R

r2 r1
4kr1 r2

o Convection: R

1
hA

o Overall heat transfer coefficient: U


o Resistors in series: Rtotal Ri
i

o Resistors in parallel: Reffective

1
1

R
i

1
Rtotal A

Finned Heat Exchangers


o Used to promote heat loss from a hot surface to the surrounding fluid
o Most effective when k is high, h is low, when fluid is a gas instead a liquid, and
when transfer is by natural rather than forced convection
o Minimum Q (no fin so heat loss occurs at base area)
Q min 2Bwh(Tw Ta )
o Maximum Q (if fin is uniformly at wall temp Tw)
Q max 2wLh(Tw Ta )
o Efficiency of fin
Q

Q max
o Temp varies exponentially with z
Steady, One-Dimensional Conduction with Internal Heat Generation
o Materials with internal heat generation cannot be represented by a thermal circuit
element
o Plane wall: Temp distribution is parabolic, q and Q are dependent on x
o Cylinder: Temp distribution is parabolic
k
o Critical radius r * i
h
Below r*, additional material acts like a fin by increasing surface area for
convection
Above r*, conduction dominates and additional material acts like insulation
Dimensionless Numbers

hLc
conductive resis tan ce of solid

k solid convective resis tan ce of fluid


heat conduction rate in solid
t
o Fourier Number: X Fo 2
Lc rate of energy storage in solid
o Biot Number: Bi

Transient Heat Transfer

T Ta
To Ta
hAt
Dimensionless time variable:
VC p
x
Dimensionless length:
L
Lumped capacitance method (Bi << 1), e
Solution for long times (XFo > 0.1): one term approximation using Heisler charts
y
Solution for short times or a semi-infinite medium: erf

2 t
Penetration length ( T 4 t ): distance at which goes from surface
temperature to nearly the initial temperature (0.99).

o Dimensionless temperature:
o
o
o
o
o

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