EL-201 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Credits: 4

Unit I
PN Junction Diode Characteristics and Parameters; Diode Resistance, Transition Capacitance
and Diffusion Capacitance; Special Diode Types; Schottky Barrier Diode, Photo Diode, LED,
Tunnel Diode, Varactor Diode and Their Applications
Unit II
Transistor as an Amplifier; Analysis Using Hybrid and T Models; High Frequency Hybrid
Model; BJT and FET Characteristics, Parameters, Configurations and Applications; UJT
and Its Applications.
Unit III
Biasing of BJT and FET; Bias Stability; Biasing Circuits; Classification of Amplifiers;
Frequency Response of RC Coupled Amplifier; Power Amplifiers with Their Classifications;
Regulated Power Supply.
Unit IV
Feedback Concept; General Feedback Structure; Properties of Negative Feedback; Basic
Feedback Topologies; Condition of Oscillation; BJT and FET Based Oscillator Circuits;
Crystal Oscillators; Frequency Stability.
Unit V
Differential Amplifier; Operational Amplifier Characteristics and Parameters; Slew Rate,
CMRR, Offset Voltage and Its Removal; Application as Instrumentation Amplifier, Voltage
to Current and Current to Voltage Converter, Log and Antilog Amplifier, Waveform
Generator, Comparator.

Books:
1. A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, Vth Edition,
2004.
2. R. Boylested and L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI, 1996.
3. J. Millnan and C.C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics, McGraw Hill, 1972.

EL- 203: LOGIC AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS

Unit I

Credits: 4

Introduction

Number Systems: Decimal, Binary Octal, Hexadecimal; Base Conversion; Binary

Arithmetic; Binary Codes; Boolean Algebra: Basic Theorems And Postulates; Basic AND,
OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR Gates.
Unit II

Digital Circuits

Switching Characteristics of Semi-Conductor Devices; Realization of Various Logic Gates;

DTL, TTL, HTL, ECL and MOS Logics; Comparison of Various Logic Families
Unit III

Design of Combination Circuits

Truth Table Representation; Canonical Forms; Minimization of Switching Functions

Karnaughs Maps; Design of Combinational Circuits; Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexers,
ROMs.
Unit IV

Sequential Logic Systems

Definition of Sequential Circuits; State Table and Diagram Representation; Flip-Flops: SR,
JK, T and D Type; Ripple Counter; Shift Registers; RAMs.
Unit V

Data Acquisition and Conversion

A/D and D/A Converters; Sample and Hold Circuits; Comparators; Multivibrators Astable
and Bistable
Books
1. M.M. Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, PHI, 1986.
2. A.P. Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications.
3. Ronald J. Tocci, Digital Systems Principles and Applications, PHI, 1995.

EL-211 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Unit I

Credits: 4

Devices

Varactor Diode, Schottky Barrier Diode, Tunnel Diode, Review of BJT Characteristics and
Parameters, Minority Carrier Profile in BJT, Base-width Modulation, BJT as a Switch,
Review of MOSFEET and Its Operation, MOSFET as a Resistor and as a Switch, Channel
Length Modulation.
Unit II

Biasing and Stabilization

Operating Point, Bias Stability of BJT and MOSFETs, Biasing Circuits of BJT and
MOSFETs, Stabilization Against Various Parameters, Bias Compensation.
Unit III

Small Signal and Low Frequency Amplifiers

Low Frequency Models for BJTs and MOSFETs, Small Signal-Low Frequency Analysis of
BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers in Various Configurations and Their Compensation.
Unit IV

Frequency Response of Amplifiers

Frequency Response, Effects of Coupling and Bypass Capacitors, Introduction to High

Frequency Response Using Hybrid Models of BJTs and MOSFETs, High Frequency
Response of Common Source Amplifier.
Unit V

Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators

Feedback Concept, Negative Feedback and Its Effect on Various Amplifier Characteristics,
Positive Feedbacks, Principle of Oscillator Circuits, Popular BJT and MOS Oscillators,
Colpitt and Hartleys Oscillator, Crystal Oscillators, Negative Resistance Oscillators.
Books:
1. A. S. Sedra & K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, 2009.
2. J. Millman & C.C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics McGraw Hill, 2005.
3. R. Boylestad & L. Nashelsky, Electronics Devices and Circuits, Prentice Hall, 2005.

EL-211N ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Credits: 4

Unit I Semiconductor Physics and Diodes

Energy Bands in Silicon, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Silicon; Carrier Transport in Silicon:
Diffusion Current, Drift Current, Mobility, and Resistivity; Generation and Recombination of
Carriers; PN Junction: Barrier Potential, Energy Band Diagram, Diode Equation, Charge
Storage, Recovery Time, Depletion and Diffusion Capacitances; Diode Clipping and
Clamping Circuits, Schottky Diode; Tunnel Diode
Unit II

BJT

BJT: Minority Carrier Profile, Current Equation, Base Width Modulation, Transistor
Breakdown, Temperature Effects; BJT in Different Regions of Operation; Ebers-Moll Model;
Biasing and Bias Stability; Small Signal Models for BJT; Analysis of Single Transistor
Amplifier: Inverting Amplifier (CE), Voltage Buffer (CC), Current Buffer (CB), Frequency
Response, High Frequency Analysis
Unit III

MOSFET

MOSFET and Its Operation: Current Equation, Channel Length Modulation, Oxide
Capacitance; Biasing and Bias Stability; Small Signal Models for MOSFET; Analysis of
Single Transistor Amplifiers: Inverting Amplifier (CS), Voltage Buffer (CD), Current Buffer
(CG), Frequency Response, High frequency analysis
Unit IV Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators
Feedback Concept; Negative Feedback and Its Effects on Amplifier Characteristics; Positive
Feedback; Principle of Oscillator Circuits; BJT and MOS Oscillators

Books:
1. A. S. Sedra, K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford Univ Press, 2004.
2. J. Millman, C. Halkias and Chetan D. Parikh, Integrated Electronics, 2e,Tata
MacGraw Hill, 2010.
3. Donald A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3e, Tata MacGraw Hill,
2007

EL-212 CIRCUIT THEORY

Unit I

Credits: 4

Elementary Network Analysis

Methods of Network Analysis: Mesh and Node Variable Analysis; Star Delta
Transformation; Steady State Analysis of AC Circuits; Characteristics of The Sinusoid:
Average , Peak and Effective Values; Impedance Concept; Active, Reactive and Complex
Power; Power Factor, Q of Coils and Capacitors; Series and Parallel Resonances; Bandwidth
and Selectivity; Series Parallel Reduction of AC/DC Circuits; Superposition, Reciprocity,
Thevenins, Nortons, Millmans and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems; Application of
Theorems to the Analysis of AC and DC Circuits, Steady State Analysis with Non-sinusoidal
Inputs
Unit II Graph Theory and Network Equations
Introduction to Graph Theory; Network Matrices: Incidence and Reduced Incidence matrix,
Loop Matrix, Fundamental Loop Matrix, Cut Set and Cut Set Matrix, Fundamental Cut Set
Matrix; Relationship Between Network Matrices; Basic Laws of Circuit Theory (KVL and
KCL); Formulation of Network Equations, Fundamental Loop Equations and Nodal
Admittance Matrix; Tellegens Theorem and Application
Unit III Two Port Circuit Parameters
Introduction to Two Port Networks, Two Port Network Parameters: Open Circuit Impedance
Z Parameters, Short Circuit Admittance Y Parameters, Hybrid h Parameters, Chain
Parameters ABCD and g Parameters; Image Impedances; T and Network; Relationship
Between Different Two Port Network, Interconnection of Two-Port Network: Cascade,
Series, Parallel, Series-parallel and Parallel-series Connections; Indefinite Admittance Matrix
and Applications.
Unit IV Introduction to State Variable Analysis
Introduction; Basic Consideration in Writing State Equations; Order of Complexity,
Formulation of State Equations; Solutions of State Equations, State Transisiton Matrix

Books:
1) M.E.Valkenburg, Network Analysis , PHI,1995
2) S.Ghosh, Network Theory: Analysis and synthesis, PHI, 2005
3) T.S.K.Iyear, Circuit Theory, TMG Hill, 1985
4) Del Toro, Principles of Electrical Engg, PHI, 1994

EL-213 ANALOG ELECTRONICS

Credits: 4

Unit I Differential Amplifiers

Differential Pair, Small Signal Operation, Differential and Common Mode Gains, CMRR,
Differential Amplifier with Active Load, Frequency Response of Differential Amplifier,
Biasing of ICs, Cascode Amplifier
Unit II Operational Amplifier
Design of Operational Amplifier: Gain Stage of Opamp, Level Shifting Stage of Opamp.,
Output Stages: Class A, B, and AB, Gain and Frequency Response of Opamp.
Unit III Opamp Applications
Non-ideal Opamp Parameters and Their Measurement, Current to Voltage and Voltage to
Current Converters, Instrumentation Amplifier, Precision Rectifiers, Log and Exponential
Converters, Schmitt Trigger and Applications as Monostable and Astable Multivibrators,
Square /Triangular Wave Generators, Voltage Controlled Oscillators
Unit IV Analog ICs Applications
Astable and Monostable Multivibrators Using CMOS Gates, 555 Timer Circuit and
Applications, Analog Multiplier/ Divider Using Log- antilog Amplifier, Introduction to PLL

Books:
1. A. S. Sedra, K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford Univ Press, 2011.
2. S. Soclof, Application of Analog ICs, PHI, 2004.
3. J. Millman & A. Grabel, Microelectronics, McGraw Hill, 1987.

EL-222 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Standards, voltage and Current Measuring Analog Instruments

Definitions of Accuracy, Precision, Resolution; Sensitivity and Linearity; Standards of
Resistance and EMF; Classification of Measuring Instruments; Theory and Constructional
Details of PMMC Instruments; Use of PMMC Instruments as Ammeter and Voltmeter;
Moving Iron Instruments; Electronic Voltmeter and Its Special Features; Measurement of
DC, RMS and Peak Values of AC Voltages by Electronic Voltmeter
Unit II Measurement of Power, Power Factor and Frequency
Electrodynamometer Type Instruments: Theory and Constructional Details; Use of
Electrodynamometer Type Instruments as Ammeter and Voltmeter; Theory and
Constructional Details of Electrodynamometer Type, Induction Type and Hall Effect Type
Wattmeters; Power factor Meters; Measurement of Frequency
Unit III Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance
Techniques for The measurements of Low, Medium and High Resistances; Different
Methods for The Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance; Theory of Q-Meters and
Their Applications; Different Types of Ohmmeters and Their Applications
Unit IV Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes
Important Components of a General Purpose CRO; Constructional Details of CRT; Theory
and Design of Time Base Generator; Purpose of Synchronization; Introduction to Different
Types of CROs: Dual Trace, Double Beam, Storage, Sampling and Digital Oscilloscopes;
Applications 01 CROs
Unit V Transducers
Introduction; Different Types of Transducers; Measurement of Linear Displacement, Strain,
Temperature, Pressure and fluid flow

Books:
1. W.D. Cooper and A.D. Helfrick, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques,
Prentice Hall of India, 2005.
2. E.W. Golding and F.C. Widdis, Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments,
Wheeler Publishing, 1993.

EL-223 CONTROL SYSTEMS

Credits: 4

Unit I Classification and Components of Control Systems

Introduction to Control Systems; Classification of Control Systems: Open-loop and Closedloop, Linear and Nonlinear, Continuous and Discrete-time, Deterministic and Stochastic,
SISO and MIMO, Static and Dynamic, Causal and Non-causal, Time Varying and Time
Invariant, Forced and Forced-free, Autonomous and Non-autonomous; Control System
Components: Potentiometer, Synchro, Tachometer, Gyroscope, DC Servomotors, AC
Servomotor and Their Modelling; DC and AC Servosystems
Unit II Stability of Linear Control Systems
Introduction, BIBO Stability, Methods of Determining Stability: Routh-Hurwitz Criterion,
Bodes Plot, Gain and Phase Margins, Root-locus, Nyquist Stability Criterion
Unit III Compensation Techniques
Concepts of Compensation; Steady State Errors; Design of Phase Lead and Phase Lag
Compensators; Effects of Compensation on the Systems Performance; Industrial Controllers:
P, PI, PD and PID Controllers
Unit IV State Variable Analysis
Introduction; Representation of State Equations; Relationship Between State Equations and
Differential Equations and Transfer Functions; Solution of State Equations; State Transition
Matrix; State Transition Equation; Different Forms of State Equations; Controllability and
Observability of Control Systems.
Unit V Analysis of Nonlinear Control Systems
Introduction to Nonlinear Systems; Physical Nonlinearities; Equivalent Linearization;
Describing Function Technique; Stability Analysis Using Describing Function

Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control System Engineering, New Age Int., 2007.
B.C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
K. Ogatta, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
Rihan M., Advanced Control System, Axioe Publication, 2011.

EL-231 LOGIC CIRCUITS

Credits: 4

Unit I Boolean Logic

Boolean Algebra - Huntingtons Postulates, Basic Theorems, Universal Sets; Switching
Algebra; Logic Function Representation Canonical SOP and POS Forms, Truth Tables,
Minterm and Maxterm List ; Logic Gates; Introduction to Number Systems Binary, Octal,
Hexadecimal and Inter-conversion; Ones and Twos Complement Signed Representation,
Addition and Subtraction, Binary codes BCD, Gray, Alphanumeric Codes
Unit II Combinational Logic Circuits
Logic Function Minimization Karnaugh Map, Prime Implicants, SOP and POS Forms,
Dont Care Conditions; Encoder, Decoder/Demultiplexer, Multiplexer; Variable Entered
Maps (VEM); Function Implementation with Multiplexer and Decoder; Magnitude
Comparator; Priority Encoder; Code Converters
Unit III Sequential Logic
Definition and State Representation, Mealy and Moore Machines, Latch and Flip-Flop - RS,
JK, D, T Flip-Flops and Their Operation, State Tables, Excitation Tables and Triggering;
Registers, Universal Shift Register; Synchronous Design; Asynchronous and Synchronous
Counters - Design and Analysis, Ripple, Up/Down, Modulo-n, Johnson, Ring Counters; Ring
Oscillator
Unit IV Selected Topics
Arithmetic Functions Half Adder, Full Adder, Binary Adder/Subtractor; Look Ahead Carry
Generator, Decimal Adder; BCD-to-7-Segment Decoder/Driver; Implementation Using XOR
and XNOR Gates - Parity Checker/Generator, BCD-Gray Code Converter; Introduction to
Programmable Logic Devices; Tabular Method for Logic Function Minimization
Books:
1. M. M. Mano and M. D. Ciletti, Digital Design, Pearson, 2004.
2. R. J. Tocci, N. S. Widmer and G. L. Moss, Digital Systems: Principles and Applications, 9th ed.
2004, Pearson.
3. C. H. Roth,Jr. Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th ed. 2004, Cengage Learning.
4. N. Balabanian and B. Carlson, Digital Logic Design Principles, 2001, Wiley.

EL-241 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction to Signals and Systems

Representation and Classifications of Continuous and Discrete Time Signals and Systems;
Fourier Series Representation; Singularity Functions; Convolution Integral; Impulse
Response and Its Properties.
Unit II

Transform Techniques

Fourier Transform and Its Properties; Hilbert Transform; Review of Laplace Transform;
Sampling; Z-Transform and Its Properties; Discrete Time Fourier Transform; Discrete
Fourier Transforms.
Unit III

Analysis Using Transforms

System Analysis Using Fourier and Laplace Transforms of I & II Order Systems; Transfer
Function; Feedback Systems; Block Diagram & Signal Flow Graph Techniques; Discrete
Time System Analysis Using Z-Transform.
Unit IV Random Signals
Review of Random Variables; Probability Distribution and Probability Density Functions;
Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential and Poissan Random Variables; Statistical Averages;
Random Processes; Correlation; Power Spectral Density; Analysis of Linear Time Invariant
Systems With Random Input; Noise and Its Representations

Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Alan, V. Oppenheim & A.S. Wilsky, Signals & Systems, PHI, 1998.
Simon Haykin, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 1999.
Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley, 1995.
Tarun Kumar Rawat, Signals and Systems, Oxford, 2010

EL-242 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Credits: 4

Unit I Continuous Wave (CW) Modulation

Representation of Bandpass Signals; Need of Modulation; Frequency Translation; Amplitude
Modulation Systems (AM, DSBSC, SSBSC, VSB Modulation/Demodulations); Angle
Modulation: Generation and Demodulation of FM; Non-linear Effects in AM and FM
Systems; Frequency Division Multiplexing; Superhetrodyne Radio Receiver
Unit II Pulse Modulation
Sampling Theorem; Various Sampling Techniques, Sampling of Low Pass and Bandpass
Signals; Time Division Multiplexing; Generation and Recovery of PAM, PWM and PPM;
Introduction to PCM; Quantization; Quantization Error; Line Coding; Companding;
Differential PCM (DPCM); Delta Modulation; Slope Overloading and Granular Noise;
Adaptive DPCM and Adaptive Delta Modulation; Digital Multiplexing (T1 and E1 Systems)
Unit III Noise in Modulation Systems
Different Types of Noise, Equivalent Receiver Model, Noise in CW Receivers Using
Coherent Detection; Noise in CW Receivers Using Envelope Detector; Noise in FM
Receivers; Threshold Effect; Noise in PCM System: Transmission and Quantization Noise
Unit IV Baseband Pulse Transmission
Introduction, Matched Filter and Correlation Receivers; Error Rate Due to Noise; InterSymbol Interference (ISI) and Eye Patterns; Nyquist Criterion of Distortion-less Baseband
Transmission; Baseband Pulse Shaping; Correlative Coding; Equalization Techniques

Books
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. H. Taub, D. L. Schilling & G. Saha, Principles of Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2008.
3. A. B. Carlson, Communication Systems, McGraw Hills, 2002.
4. B. P. Lathi, Modem Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 3rd Ed., Oxford Press,
2004.
5. R. E. Ziemer & W. H. Tranta, Principles of Communications, 5th Edition, John Wiley, 2002.
6. J. G. Proakis & M. Salehi, Communication Systems Engineering, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2006.
7. R. P. Sigh and S. D. Sapre, Communication Systems: Analog and Digital, 2nd Edition, TMH,
2007.

EL-311 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Credits: 4

Unit I Logic Families

Digital IC Terminology; TTL Logic Family; Analysis of TTL Gates; NAND, NOR, AOI
Gates; Schottky TTL; Open Collector and Tri-State TTL; Emitter Coupled Logic; Basic ECL
Circuits; ECL OR/NOR Gate.
Unit II MOS Based Circuits
MOS and CMOS Logic Circuits and Characteristics; CMOS Inverter, NAND, NOR, X-OR,
X-NOR Gates; CMOS Complex Gates; CMOS Transmission Gate; CMOS Clocked S-R and
D-Flip-Flops. Pseudo NMOS Logic Circuits; Pseudo NMOS Inverter and other Gates; Pass
Transistor Logic (PTL) and Complementary Pass Transistor Logic (CPTL); Realization of
Different Gates in PTL and CPTL; Bi-CMOS Digital Circuits; Introduction to Bi-CMOS;
Comparison of various Logic Families.
Units III Memory Devices
Memory Terminology, Semiconductor Memories; Types and Architecture; ROM -Architecture, Addressing and Timing; MOS ROM; PROM, EPROM, EEPROM (EAPROM),
ROM Applications; Programmable Logic Device Arrays (PAL and PLA); ROM/PLD Based
Combinational Design; Semiconductor RAM -- RAM Organization; Static RAM, Dynamic
RAM; DRAM Structure and Operation; Read/Write Cycles; DRAM Refreshing; Expanding
Word Size and Capacity; Concepts of CCD.
Unit IV Data Converters
Principle of Operation of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs); Basic Circuits Using Binary
Weighted Resistors and R/2R Ladder; DAC Specification; DAC Applications. Analog-toDigital Converters (ADCs); - Digital Ramp ADC, Up/Down Digital Ramp ADC, (Tracking
ADC), Successive Approximation ADC; Flash ADC, Dual Slope Integrated ADC; Data
Acquisition, Sample and Hold Circuits; Multiplexed ADC.

Books:
1. Ronald. J. Tocci, And Neal .S. Widmer, Digital Systems Principles And Applications,
Eighth Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2001
2. A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, Vth Edition,
2004.
3. J. Millman and Grabel, Microelectronics, McGaw Hill, 1987.

EL 312 ACTIVE NETWORK SYNTHESIS

Unit I

Credits: 4

Active Network Concepts

Network Functions; Filters: Types, Specifications and Transfer Functions; Active Networks;
Bilinear Transfer Functions: Passive and Active Realizations; Lossy and Lossless Integrators;
Differentiators; Pole-zero Plots
Unit II

Analog Filter Design Techniques

Approximation Methods: Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic Type; Frequency

Transformations; Sensitivity: Single Parameter and Multi Parameter Sensitivities, Hain
Sensitivity; Biquad Design Parameters and Their Significance
Unit III Synthesis Techniques
Biquad Topologies: Positive Feedback Topology, Negative Feedback Topology; Sallen Key
Configurations, KHN and Tow-Thomas Configurations; Cascade Approach; Ladder
Simulation Through Element Substitution; Inductance Simulation: FDNR Simulation, GIC,
Filter Realization; Operational Simulation of Ladders
Unit IV Applications in Signal Conditioning
Sample and Hold Circuits, Analog Multiplexing and De-multiplexing; Tuned Amplifiers,
Mixers, Programmable Gain Amplifiers; Current Mode Building Blocks and Tunable Filters
Using OTA; Current Conveyors; Quadrature Oscillator and High Frequency Oscillator

Books:
1. R. Schaumann and V.Valkenburg, Design of Analog Filters, Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.
2. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford Univ. Press, 2011.
3. Tahira Parveen, Textbook of Operational Transconductance Amplifier and Analog
Integrated Circuits, I.K. International, New Delhi, 2009
4. G. Daryanani, Principles of Active Network Synthesis & Design, John Wiley & Sons.

EL- 314N SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MODELLING

Unit 1

Credits: 4

Basic Semiconductor Physics

Quantum Mechanical Concepts and Atomic States; Solid State Structure; Band Structure;
Semiconductor Statistics; Intrinsic, Extrinsic & Compensated Semiconductors; Electron and
Hole Mobilities and Drift Velocities; Hall Effect and Magnetoresistance; Semiconductor
Equations Based on the Field Dependent Velocity and Diffusion; Quasi-Fermilevels;
Generation and Recombination of Carriers
Unit II Models for P-N Junction, Schottky Barrier Junction, Hetero Junction and
Ohmic Contacts
P-N Junction Under Zero Bias; I-V Characteristics Of p-n Junction; Generation &
Recombination Currents; Depletion & Diff. Capacitances; Junction Breakdown; Tunneling
and Tunnel Diodes; Schottky Barrier: Thermionic Emission Model, V-I Characteristics and
Thermionic-Field Emission Models; Ohmic Contacts and Heterojunctions
Unit III Bipolar Junction Transistors
Minority Carrier Profiles; Current Components; Base Spreading Resistance; Emitter Current
Crowding; Graded Base Transistors; Early Effect; Ebers-Moll Model; Gummel-Poon Model;
Breakdown; Small Signal Model and High Frequency Models
Unit IV Field Effect Transistors
MOS Capacitor; C-V Characteristics; MOSFET: Gradual Channel Approximation and
Charge Control Model; Charge Sheet Model; Constant Mobility Model; Velocity Saturation
Effects; Sub-Threshold Current in MOSFETs; Large Signal Modeling; Small Signal
Modeling (Low & Medium Frequency); High Frequency Small Signal Models; MOSFET
Modeling for Circuit Simulation.

Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

M. Shur, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Prentice Hall of India, 1990.

Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011
Y. Tsividis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS, McGraw Hill, 1999.
K. Ogatta, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, 1989.

EL 315 VLSI DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

Credits: 4

Unit I VLSI System Design

VLSI Design Problem; Design Flow of VLSI Systems; Introduction to High level Design
(HDL Based Design); RTL Based Description of Digital Systems; Concept of Critical Path in
Synchronous Systems; Concept of Datapath and Control Path; Design of Uniprocessor;
Pipelined and Parallel Architectures for a Given Algorithm
Unit II: VLSI Circuit Design
High Frequency MOS Models; Design and Performance Optimization of Static CMOS Gates
Using Logical Effort; Design Flow of Analog Circuits; Design of CMOS Inverting Amplifier;
Design Parameter Optimization in Analog Design (Gain, Bandwidth, Input/Output
Impedance, Output Swing, Slew Rate, Noise, Linearity, Offsets, Power); Integrated Circuit
Layout and Design Rules; Layout of a CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR Gates
Unit III IC Processing Steps
Mask Making and Pattern Generation; Mask and Printing Defects; Yield; Basic Processing
Steps of IC Fabrication; Lithography; Wet and Dry Etching; Oxidation, Diffusion, Ion
Implantation; Annealing, Epitaxial Growth, CVD, Metallization
Unit IV IC Process Integration
Self Alignment; Isolations: Junction Isolation; Guard-Ring; Shallow and Deep Trench; Local
Oxidation; CMOS Technology: High-k Processes, Bipolar Technology, BiCMOS
Technology; Introduction to SOI and GaAs
Books:
1. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikoli, Digital Integrated Circuits,
2/e, Pearson Education, 2003
2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 2002.
3. S.A. Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication, Oxford
University Press, 2001.
4. J. D. Plummer, M. Deal & P.D. Griffin, Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice,
and Modeling, Prentice Hall, 2000.

EL 332 MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

Credits: 4

Unit I The 8085 Microprocessor

Introduction to Microcomputer Architecture; 8085 Microprocessor Architecture; Instruction
Set of 8085; Assembly Language Programming; Timing and Control Unit; Instruction Cycle;
Comparison of Different Machine Cycles
Unit II Data Transfer Schemes
Hardware Schemes for Data Transfer - Programmed Data Transfer, Interrupt Data Transfer
and DMA; Interrupt Structure of 8085; Enabling, Disabling and Masking of Interrupts;
Various Interrupt Schemes; Multiple Interrupts; Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259);
DMA and DMA Controller (8257)
Unit III Interfacing Memory and I/O Devices
Need of Interfacing; Address Space Partitioning Memory Mapped I/O and I/O Mapped I/O,
Advantages and Disadvantages; 8085 Minimal System; Interfacing Devices - 8255 (PIC),
8251 (USART), 8253 (Timer), 8279 (Keyboard Controller)
Unit IV Microcontrollers and Advanced Microprocessor
Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller; Signals, I/O Ports, Memory, Counters and Timers;
Serial Data I/O; Interrupts, Interfacing with DAC/ADC; Introduction to 8086 Microprocessor

Books:
1. R. S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications, Wiley
Eastern Limited 5th edition
2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.
3. Douglas V. Hall, Microprocessor and Interfacing Programming and Hardware, Tata
McGraw Hill (2006)
4. M. Rafiquzzaman, Microprocessor and Microcomputer Development System, Cambridge
Publications, Harper and Row. (1997)
5. A. P. Malvino, Digital Computer Electronics- An Introduction to Microcomputer, Tata
McGraw Hill 2nd edition.

EL-340 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Credits: 4

Unit 1
Overview of Communication System; Channels and Their Characteristics; Modulation and its
Benefits; Amplitude Modulations: AM, DSBSC, SSB, and VSB modulation; Frequency and
Phase Modulation; Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Radio Receiver Principle.
Unit 2
Introduction to Pulse Modulation; Digital Pulse Modulations: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM),
Differential PCM, and Delta Modulation (DM); Time Division Multiplexing (TDM);
Overview of Baseband Communication.
Unit 3
Overview of Digital Modulation; Modulation Techniques: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK),
Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Frequency Shift Keying, Quaternary PSK (QPSK); Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM); Comparison of Different Modulation Techniques.
Unit 4
Source Coding and Data Compression; Channel Capacity; Error Detection and Correction;
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Codes; Overview of Spread Spectrum Communication and
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA); Introduction to Mobile Communication.
Books:
1.

Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wily & Sons Asia Pte. Ltd.,
2001.

2.

B. P. Lathi and Z. Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, OUP, India,
4th Edition, 2010.

3.

R. Blake, Electronic Communication System, Thomson Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

EL-342 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Signal Space Analysis and Detection

Geometric Representation of Signals; Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure;
Detection of Known Signals in Noise; MAP and ML Criteria; Probability of Error;
Correlation and Matched Filter Receivers; Estimation: Concepts and Criterion
Unit II Passband Communication
Introduction; ASK, PSK, FSK, QPSK, QAM and MSK; Power Spectra of Baseband and
Passband Signals; Coherent and Non-coherent Detection of Modulated Signals; Probability
of Error in Detection; Comparison of Various Modulation Techniques
Unit III Information Theory and Coding
Introduction; Discrete Memoryless Sources; Information Measure; Source Coding Theorem
and Source Coding Techniques; Channel Capacity; Channel Coding and Channel Capacity
Theorems; Error Detection and Correction; ARQ Protocols; Linear Block Codes;
Convolutional Codes
Unit IV Spread Spectrum Communication
Introduction; Spreading Sequences; Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum; Frequency and Time
Hopping Spread Spectrum; Applications of Spread Spectrum
Books:
1. G J Proakis, Digital Communication, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2008.
2. S Haykin, Digital Communication, Wiley, 1988.
3. B P Lathi and Z Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th Edition,
Oxford Univ Press, 2010
4. Tri T Ha, Theory and Design of Digital Communication, Cambridge Univ Press, 2010.
5. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Vol 1 and 2, John Wiley, 2004
6. R Bose, Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, 2nd Ed, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
7. G R Cooper and C D McGillem, Modern Communication and Spread Spectrum, McGraw
Hill, 2006.
8. S Haykin and M Moher, Communication Systems, 5th Ed, Wiley, 2009.

EL-343N DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Credits: 4

Unit I Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Review of DFT, Functional Operations with DFT; Efficient Computation of DFT; FFT
Algorithm; Fourier Analysis of Signals using DFT
Unit II Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters
Frequency Response for Rational System Functions; All Pass and Minimum Phase Systems;
Basic Structure for IIR Filters; Design of IIR Filters from Continuous Time Filters;
Frequency Transformations of IIR Low Pass Filters; Computer Aided Design of IIR Filters
Unit III Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters
Linear Systems with Generalized Linear Phase; Basic Network Structures for FIR Filters;
Design of FIR Filters; Window Function Methods and Frequency Sampling Technique;
Comparison of FIR and IIR Filters
Unit IV Finite Word Length Effects in DSP
Overview of Finite Precision Numerical Effects; Effects of Round Off Noise in Digital
Filters; Effect of Finite Register Length in DFT Computation; Introduction to Multirate
Digital Signal Processing

Books:
1. A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, Discret Time Signal Processing, PHI, 1992.
2. J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Applications, PHI 1996.
3. A. Antoniou, Digital Filters: Analysis, Design and Applications, Tata McGraw Hill Book
Co.

EL-344 COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Credits: 4
Unit I Introduction and Layered Network Architecture
Growth of Computer Networking; Resource Sharing; Growth of the Internet; Layering;
System Design; Network Topology; Packets, Frames and Error Detection
Unit II Multi access Communication
Introduction; Slotted Multi-access and Aloha Systems; Splitting Algorithms; Carrier Sensing;
Multi-access Reservation; Packet Radio Networks
Unit III

Routing and Flow Control

WAN Routing; Interconnected Network Routing; Network Algorithms and Shortest Path
Routing; Means of Flow Control; Window Flow Control; Overview of Flow Control in
Practice
Unit IV Internetworking
Concepts, Architecture and Protocols; Internet Protocol Addresses; Binding Protocol
Addresses; IP Datagrams and Datagram Forwarding; IP Encapsulation, Fragmentation and
Reassembly; Error Reporting Mechanism (ICMP); TCP: Reliable Transport Service

Books:
1. A Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
2. L.L. Peterson & B.S. Davie, Computer Networks, Elsevier, 2007.
3. D. Bertsekas & R. Gallager, Data Networks, PHI, 1997.
4. B.A. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005.

EL-352N OPTOELECTRONICS

Credits: 4

Unit I Optical Sources

Introduction, Importance of Optical Communication and Signal Processing; Desirable
Properties of Optical Sources for Communication applications; Semiconductor Materials;
Binary, Ternary and Quaternary Materials, Direct and Indirect Band Gap Materials; Spectrum
of Recombination Radiation; Heterojunctions and Double Heterostructure LED's; Internal
and External Quantum Efficiencies; SC Laser Diodes; Fabry-Perot Lasers; Number of
Modes, Single Mode Lasers; DFB Lasers, C3-Lasers, Quantum Well Lasers; Transmitter
Circuits
Unit ll Optical Detectors and Receiver Circuits
Photodiodes: Principle of Operation, Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity; P-I-N
Photodiodes: APD's, RAPD's, SOLAR Cells; Design Structure and Principle of Operation of
Photo Transistors; Opto Couplers; Receiver Amplifiers; Noise Performance; Differential
Photo Detectors
Unit Ill Opto-Electronic Amplifiers and Other ICs
FP Cavity as Optical amplifiers; Optical Filters and Optical Bistable Devices; Opto-electronic
Integrated Circuits
Unit IV Opto-Electronic Modulation and Switching Devices
Introduction, Analog & Digital Modulation; Quantum - Wel-electro - absorption Modulators;
Electro-Optic Modulators; Optical Switching and Logic Devices; SEED'S and Their
Applications

Books:
1. Pallab Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi, 2002.
2. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition.
3. M. J. Senior, Optical Communication System, Prentice Hall of India Ltd. 2nd Edition, 1994.

EL- 353 ADVANCE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Credits: 4

Unit I Practical Applications of Electromagnetic Field

Field Applications in Microwaves; Antennas Cathode Ray Tube; Television; Radars; Optical
Fibers; Integrated Circuits; Wave Propagation; Electromagnetic Interference; Transmission
Lines; Grounding, Instrumentation, Circuit Breakers, Relays, Control, and Other Static &
Rotating Field Devices/Systems
Unit II Solution Techniques-I
Experimental Methods: Curvilinear Mapping, Electrolytic Tank Mapping, Conducting Paper
Mapping; Image Method and Iteration Method
Unit III Solution Technique-II
Analytical Methods: Direct Integration Method, Separation of Variables Method, Moment
Method, Monte Carle Method; Geometrical Theory of Diffraction; Conformal
Transformation; Schwartz Christoffel Transformation
Unit IV Solution Techniques-III
Numerical Methods: Finite Difference Method, Finite Element Method; Computer
Techniques: Scattering Problems, Wave Guide Problems; Ray Tracing; Analysis of Linear
Antennas
Unit V Identification, Handling and Simplification of Field Problems
Physical Problems and Practical Constraints; Identification of Source; Relevant Field
Equations Appropriate Coordinate System; Components Present and Their Mode of
Variation; Pre- and Post- Analysis Simplification Techniques

Books:
1. Binns, K.J. & Lawrenson, P.J., Analysis and Computation of Electric and Magnetic Field
Problems, 2nd ed., Pergamon Press, Printed in Hungary, 1973.
2. Bewley, L.V., Two Dimensional Fields Electrical Engineering, McMillan, 1948.
3. Gibbs, W.J., Conformal Transformation in Electrical Engineering, Chapman and Hall,
London, 1958.

EL-354 MICROWAVE AND ANTENNA

Credits: 4

Unit I Microwave Components and Measurements

Introduction; Guided Wave Propagation; Waveguide Components: Tees, Hybrid Rings; WaveguideTuning, Matching, Loading, and Attenuating Components; Directional Couplers, Isolators,
Circulators and Detector; Modelling of Microwave Components-Scattering Parameters and their
Properties; Measurements of VSWR, Impedance, Frequency, Wavelength, Attenuation and Power

Unit II Microwave Tubes

Introduction; Frequency Limitations of Conventional Tubes; Multi-cavity Klystron Amplifiers and
Oscillators; Reflex Klystron Oscillators and Their Applegate Diagrams; Magnetrons and Traveling
Wave Tubes (TWTs) their Working and Applications

Unit III

Microwave Semiconductor Devices

Introduction; Micro-Strip & Strip Lines; Limitations of Transistor at High Frequencies;

Construction, Operation and Applications of Schottky Barrier Diode; Varactor Diode; Tunnel
Diode; Gunn Diode; PIN Diode; IMPATT & TRAPATT Diodes; Manley Rowe Relationship
and Parametric Amplifiers
Unit IV Antenna
Introduction; Hertzian Dipole; Half-Wave Dipole Antenna; Quarter-Wave Monopole
Antenna; Small-Loop Antenna; Microwave Antenna; Antenna Characteristics; Antenna
Arrays-Feed Points, Broad side and End fire Arrays; Multiplication of Patterns; Effect of
Ground; Effective Area and Firris Equation; Antenna Classification based on Frequency
Range and Applications; Antenna Analysis

Books:
1. S.Y. Liao, Microwave Devices & Circuits, 3rd ed., N. Delhi, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
2. G. Kennedy and B. Davis, Electronic Communication Systems, 4th ed. Tata McGraw-Hill,
New Delhi, 1985.
3. M.L. Sisodia & V.L Gupta, Microwaves, New Age International Publishers, N. Delhi, 2001
4. J. D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka & A.S. Khan, Antennas and Wave Propagation, 4th ed., Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2010.
5. C.G. Christodolou, P.F. Wahid, Fundamentals of Antennas: Concepts and Applications,
PHI, N. Delhi, 2004.
6. M. M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency and Microwave ElectronicsIllustrated, Pearson
Education-2001.

EL-409 NANO ELECTRONICS

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction to Nano-electronics

Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches; Classical and Quantum Mechanics; Schrdingers
Wave Equation; Energy Band Structures and Their Properties; Quantum Phenomena:
Tunneling, Quantum Confinement, Density of States
Unit II Nano-materials and Their Characterization
Nano-materials and Their Classifications: Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene Nanoribbon and
Nanowires; Overview of Their Properties; Nano-scale Characterization: Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Probe
Microscope (SPM)
Unit III Carrier Transport in Nano-structures
Diffusive vs Ballistic Transport; Quantum Transport Equations; Working and Operation
Nanostructure Devices: Resonant Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (FET), Si Nanowire
FETs, Graphene and Nanotubes FETs, Single Electron Devices and Multiple Gates FETs
Unit IV Applications of Nano-electronics
Nano-structures as Interconnect; Low Power Wireless Transceiver; Applications of Nanomaterials in the Field of Energy; Biosensor; Health Care & Polymers etc

Books:
1. Vladimir V. Mitin, Viatcheslav A. Kochelap, Michael A. Stroscio, Introduction to Nanoelectronics: Science, Nanotechnology, Engineering and Applications, Cambridge University
Press, 2008.
2. Tamar Seideman, Current-Driven phenomenon in Nano-electronics, Pan Stanford Publishing Pte.
Ltd, 2011.
3. Byung-Gook Park, Sung Woo Hwang, Young June Park, Nano-electronics Devices,Pan Stanford
Publishing Pte. Ltd, 2012.
4. Mircea Dragoman, Daniela Dragoman, Nano-electronics: Principles and Devices, Artech House,
2008.
5. S. Datta, Quantum transport: Atom to transsitor, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
6. Mani Vaidyanathan, Electronics From Bottom Up: Strategies for Teaching Nano-electronics at
UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL, IEEE Transaction on Education, 2010, pp 1-9.

EL-410 RF SYSTEM DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction of RF System

Overview of RF/Wireless Systems and Their Standards; Transmitter and Receiver
Architectures; Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System and Its Applications; Wireless
LAN, Wireless PANs, UWB and WiMAX; Basic Concepts of Blue Tooth and Software
Defined Radio
Unit II Communication Circuits
Integrated Circuit Requirements for Modern RF/Wireless System; RF Circuits Low-Noise
Amplifier (LNA) and Power Amplifier (PA); Oscillators; Mixers; Modulators and
Demodulators; Integration Issues of RF and Baseband Circuits
Unit III RF CMOS Modeling
Device Options and Requirements for Modern Wireless System; Low Frequency (LF) vs
Radio Frequency (RF) Model; RF Model Development; Equivalent Circuit Model
Representation; Parameter Evaluation; Model Verification; Figure-of-Merits (FoMs)
Unit IV RF Circuit Design
Design Goals and Objectives; Design Specifications; Design Issues and Approach; Circuit
Design of Front-end Blocks of Wireless System; Performance Assessments

Books:
1. T.H. Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits, Cambridge University
Press, 2004.
2. T. Ytterdal, Y. Chang and T.A. Fjeldly, Device Modeling for Analog and RF CMOS Circuit
Design, Wiley, 2003.
3. Ulrich L. Rohde and D.P. Newbrick, RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless
Applications, 2005.
4. Kai Chang, Inder Bahal and Vijay Nair, RF and Microwave Circuit and Component Design
for Wireless System, Wiley, 2002.
5. B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall, 2005.
6. Reed, Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering, Pearson, 2004.

EL- 411: FILTER CIRCUIT DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Active Devices

Current Conveyors; Practical NIC, GIC and Gyrator of Circuits; Nullators and Norators;
High Frequency Behaviour of Op-Amp and its Effect in Active Filters
Unit II Performance Evaluation
Review of Concept of Selectivity and Stability; Monte Carlo Simulation and its Comparison
with Approximate Sensitivity Analysis; Comparison of Multiple Op-Amp Biquads;
Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Considerations in Cascade Synthesis
Unit III Multiple Loop Feedback Method
Introduction; Follow the Leader Feedback (FLF) Filters: FLF Synthesis, Shifted Companion
Form (SCF) and Primary Resonator Black (PRB) Synthesis; Generalized FLF Synthesis;
Inverse FLF Synthesis
Unit IV Leap Frog and Minimum Sensitivity Topologies
LF Via Signal Flow Graph Simulation; Coupled Biquad (CB) Synthesis, Modified LF
Synthesis; Minimum Sensitivity Feedback (MSF) Topology; Design Example and
Comparative Discussion; Minimum Op-Amp MF Realization
Unit V Monolithic Filters
Active-R and Active-C Filters; OTA Based Filters; Introduction to Switched Capacitor
Networks; Current Mode Filters Using Current Conveyors

Books:
1. G. Daryanani, Principles of Active Network Synthesis and Design, John Willey & Sons,
1976.
2. R. Schaumann, M.S. Ghausi and K.R. Lakiv, Design of Analog Filters, PHI, 1990.

EL 412 ANALOG IC DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Design of Analog Building Blocks

Introduction to Analog Design; Analog Signal Processing; Design of MOS Analog Switches;
Active Resistors; Design of Voltage and Current References; Current Conveyor Circuit;
Analog Multipliers
Unit II MOS Based Amplifiers
Design of MOS Based Inverting Amplifiers, BiCMOS Amplifier, CMOS Differential
Amplifier, MOS Cascode Amplifier; Design of CMOS Operational Amplifier; Current
Feedback Opamp; GaAs Amplifier
Unit III Analog Sampled Data Networks
Switched Capacitor Concept, Resistor Emulation, Design of SC Amplifiers: Unity Gain
Amplifier/Buffer, Non-inverting/Inverting Amplifier, Precision Multiply-by-two Circuit, SC
Integrators and Filters, Programmable Capacitor Arrays, Field Programmable Analog Arrays
Unit IV Circuit Characterization and Layout Techniques
Analog Layout Techniques: Multifinger Transistors, Symmetry, Common Centroid
Technique, Reference Distribution, Pads and ESD Protection, Substrate Coupling, Properties
of IC Components Resistance/Capacitance Estimation of MOS Devices, Matched Cell
Layout Automation

Books:
1. Phillip E. Allen, and Douglus R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford Univ.
Press, 2007.
2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS ICs, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2008.
3. Neil H. E. Weste and K. Eshergian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Pearson Edu., 2001.
4. R. L. Geiger et al., VLSI Design techniques for analog and digital circuits, Mc Graw Hill,
1990.

EL-413 DIGITAL IC DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction to Digital IC Design

Issues, Cost, Functionality and Robustness; Performance; Power and Energy Consumption,
Review of Processing Steps; Behaviour of MOSFET in Digital ICs
Unit II The CMOS Inverter
Interconnect Parameter and Models; Properties, Static and Dynamic Behaviour of the CMOS
Inverter; Power and Energy Considerations
Unit III Combinational Logic Circuits
Static CMOS Design; Complimentary CMOS; Ratioed and PTL; Dynamic CMOS Design
Unit IV Sequential Logic Design and RC Parasitics
Static Sequential Circuits; Dynamic Sequential Circuit; Capacitive/Resistive Parasitics and
Performance

Books:
1. J.M. Rabacy & others, Digital Integrated Circuits A design perspective, Second edition,
Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2002.
2. D.A. Hodges et al, Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits, 3rd edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2005.
3. Sung-Mo-Kang and Yusuf Lablebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits, 3rd edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2003.

EL- 414 SWITCHED CAPACITOR NETWORKS

Credits: 4

Unit I Basic Signal Processing Operations

Introduction; Notations; Switched Capacitor Equivalent Resistors; Parallel, Series, SeriesParallel and Bilinear; SC Equivalent RC Networks; Use of Operational Amplifiers in SC
Networks
Unit II SC Integrators and First Order Sections
Lossless Discrete Integrator (LDI) Type I and II; Direct Transform Discrete Integrator (DDI)
Type I and II; First Order Circuits: High Pass, Low Pass and Differentiator Circuits
Unit III Introduction to Switched Capacitor Filter Design
Introduction; General Principles of LC Ladder Synthesis; SC Low Pass Ladder Structures;
State Variable; Chebyshev and Elliptic Type SC Band Pass Ladder
Unit IV Application of Switched Capacitor Circuits
Analog Signal Processing; Voltage Comparators; NMOS Schmitt Trigger, Modulator;
Demodulator; F.M. Detector and Operational Multipliers; Phase Shifters and Equalizers;
Phase-Lock-Loop

Books:
1. P.E. Allen & E.S. Senencio, Switched Capacitor Circuits, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, 1984.
2. V. Valkenburg, Analog Filter Design, Holt & Sounders, 1982.

EL-415 DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Verilog HDL

VLSI Design Problem, IC Design Hierarchy, Introduction to Verilog, Structural, Behavioral
and Dataflow Modelling, Simulation Based Verification, Concept of Assertion Based
Verification and Formal Verification, Concept of Synthesis, FSM Coding
Unit II Design of RTL Systems
RTL Systems: Organization, Specification and Implementation, Analysis of RTL Systems
and Design Examples, Implementation Technologies: Standard Cell ASIC, EPLDs and
FPGAs
Unit III Data and Control Subsystem
Data Subsystem Modules: Storage, Function and Datapath; Control Subsystem; MicroProgrammed Controller; Structure, Format and Design.
Unit IV Implementation of a Microcomputer
Architecture and Implementation of a Simple Microcomputer System; Operation of the
System, Processor Implementation in Verilog

Books:
1. Milos Ercegovac et.al, Introduction to Digital System, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
2. M.D. Ciletti, Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, Prentice Hall of India, 2008.

EL-416 CURRENT MODE ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction
Current-mode: Definitions and Comparison with Voltage-mode, Basic Bipolar and MOS
Translinear Loops
Unit II Current-mode Active Elements
Current Conveyors: Generations and Variations, Translinear Conveyors, Implementations in
CMOS and Bipolar, Current Feedback Opamps, Comparison of Various Current-mode
Active Elements
Unit III Current Conveyor Based Circuits
Current-mode Amplifiers, Instrumentation Amplifier, Integrators, Other STC Circuits,
Second Order Filters, Universal Filters, Oscillators, Precision Rectifiers
Unit IV Miscellaneous Topics
Multipliers and Dividers, Current Controlled Current Conveyor Applications, Dynamic
Current Mirrors, Current Memories, Current Copier Circuits, Current-mode A/D and D/A
Converters
Books:
1. C. Toumazou, F.J. Lidgey, and D.G. Haigh, Analogue IC Design: The Current Mode
Approach, IEE Press, 1998.
2. P.V. Anand Mohan, Current-mode VLSI Analog Filters: Design and Applications, Springer,
2004.

EL-417 VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Credits: 4
Unit I Architectural Transformations
Iteration Bound, Retiming, Pipelining, Parallel Processing, Block Processing, Folding,
Systolic Array Structure and Design Methodology, VLSI Performance Measures (Area,
Power and Speed)
Unit II DSP Building Blocks
Arithmetic Unit Architectures (Address, Multipliers, Dividers); Bit-parallel; Bit serial; Digit
Serial; Carry Save Architectures, Distributed Arithmetic Architectures
Unit III Architectures of basic DSP Algorithms
FIR Filters, IIR Filters and FFT Processors
Unit IV Architectures of Programmable DSP Processors
Generic DSP Processor Architecture, Architectures of DSP Processors from Texas
Instruments (TMS) and Analog Devices (ADSP)
Books:
1. K.K. Parhi, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems: Design and Implementation, John
Wiley & Sons, 1999.
2. P. Pirsch, Architectures for Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

EL- 421N ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Digital Display Devices & Systems

LED, LCD, CRT Elements; Nixie Tube; Flat Panel Display Systems; Multi-Digit Display
Systems Based upon Different Formats
Unit II Modern Transduction Techniques
Principle of Operation of Semi-Conductor Transducers, Fibre-Optic and Capacitive
Transducers and Their Interfacing
Unit III Digital Techniques for the Measurement of Electrical and Non electrical
Quantities
Different Types of Digital Voltmeters; Digital Transducers for the Measurement of
Temperature, Displacement, Speed and Flow
Unit IV Microprocessor and Personal Computer Based Instrumentation
General Applications of Microprocessors in Instrumentation; Microprocessor Based Data
Acquisition System; Thermo-Couple Reference Junction Compensation; Personal Computer
Based Weighing Machine; Temperature Controller
Unit V Special Purpose Instruments
Different Types of Spectrum Analysers; Storage Oscilloscope; Sampling Oscilloscopes and
Curve Tracers

Books:
1. W.D. Cooper and A.O. Helfrick, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques,
Prentice Hall, 1990.
2. E.O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems: Application and Design, McGraw Hill, N.Y., 1990.
3. Daniel H. Sheingold, Transducer Interfacing Handbook, Analog Devices, Inc., Narwood,
Massachusetts, USA.

EL-422 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Basic Concepts of Medical Instrumentation

Basic Sensors Used in Bioinstrumentation, Sources of Bioelectric Potentials Resting and
Action Potentials, Bioelectric Potentials. Electrodes for Measurement of Bio-potentials
Unit II Cardiovascular Systems
The Heart Blood Pressure, Characteristics of Blood Flow, Heart Sounds,
Electrocardiography, Measurement of Blood Pressure, Measurement of Blood Flow and
Cardiac Output, Plethysmography, Measurement of Heart Sounds
Unit III Chemical Biosensors
Blood Gas and Acid Base Physiology, Electrochemical Sensors, Chemical Fibro-sensors,
Ion-selective Field Effect Transistors (ISFET), Immunologically Sensitive FET, Non
Invasive Blood Gas Monitoring, Blood Glucose Sensors
Unit IV Electrical Safety
Physiological Effects of Electricity; Macro-shock Hazards, Micro-shock Hazards, Electrical
Safety Codes and Standards, Basic Approaches to Protection Against Shock; Electrical Safety
Analyses, Tests for Electrical Systems and Appliances

Books
1. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell & Enrich A. Pfeiffer, Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurements, 2nd edition, PHI.
2. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation, Applications & Design, 3rd edition, Wiley &
Sons.

EL-424 INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction
Introduction to Instrumentation System, static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instrument,
Dynamic Analysis of Measurement System, Mathematical Model of Measurement Systems,
Familiarization and Use of Virtual Instrument Software
Unit II Digital Measurements and Transducer:
Digital Voltmeters, Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), Classification of Encoders,
Construction of Encoders- Contacting or Brush Type, Optical Displacement Transducers,
Shaft Encoders, Measurement of Temperature
Unit III Non Destructive Testing Methods and Applications
Radiography-X and Gamma, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Dye Penetration Inspection,
Ultrasonic Flaw Detection
Unit IV Fiber Optic Sensors
Classification of Fiber Optic Sensor, Intensity Modulated Sensor, Phase Modulated Sensors,
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors, Industrial Application of Fiber Optic Sensors

Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

E. O. Doeblin, Measurement Systems Application and Design, McGraw Hill, N.Y

Nakra Chaudhry, Instrumentation Measurement And Analysis, Tata McGRAW Hill
David A. Bell, David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements
R. P. Khare, Fiberoptics and optoelectronics, Oxford, 2010.

EL-432N ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & NEURAL NETWORKS

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction to AI and Search Techniques

Foundations of AI, Rational Agents; Problem Solving Agents: Search Strategies Breadthfirst Search, Depth-first Search, Depth-limited Search, Iterative Deepening Depth-first
Search, Bi-directional Search, Greedy Best-first Search, A* search, Hill Climbing, Simulated
Annealing; Alpha-Beta Pruning, Minimax Algorithm
Unit II Knowledge and Reasoning
Prepositional Logic; First Order Predicate Logic (FOPL); Inference Rules; Resolution, Rule
Based Systems - Forward Reasoning, Conflict Resolution, Backward Reasoning; Logic
Programming, Introduction to a Logic Programming Language (Prolog)
Unit III Fundamentals of ANN
Biological Neuron; Introduction to ANN; Artificial Neuron, Activation Functions. Single
Layer Perceptron, Limitation of Single Layer Network, Linearly Separable Problems. Multi
Layer Perceptrons, Learning and Backpropagation; Radial Basis Function Networks;
Feedback Neural networks
Unit IV ANN Applications
Applications of ANNs in Bioinformatics, Forecasting, Healthcare, Intrusion Detection,
Communication, Robotics, Image Processing and Compression, Control, Pattern Recognition,
Optimization

Books:
1. Stuart J. Russell & Pete Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd ed., PHI,
2009.
2. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, TMH, 2005.
3. Jacek. M. Zurada, Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, JPH, 1994.
4. Sivanandam, S. N Deepa , Introduction to Neural Networks Using MATLAB 6.0, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2006.

EL-433 MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN

Credits: 4

Unit I Architecture of 16/32 bit Microprocessors

Architecture of 16 and 32 Bit Microprocessors Such as Intel 8086/186/286/386/486/Pentium
Processors; Motorolas 68000/68010/68020 etc.; Comparative Studies of the Architecture,
Instruction Types; Addressing Modes and Programming; Interrupt Structure; Assembly
Language Programming of 1/32 Bit Microprocessors; Hardware and Software Interrupt
Management
Unit II Controllers
Controllers Such as Keyboard, Diskette and DMA; Serial Communication Controller;
Dynamic RAM and its Controller
Unit III Co-processors and Bus Standards
Multiprocessor Configurations; Numeric Processor; I/O Processors; I/O Standards, RS232C,
Centronics, SCSI, VME, Ethernet, LAN, etc
Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

D.V. Hall, Microprocessor and Interfacing, TMH, 1993.

Rosch, Hardware Bible, PHI, 1994.
Liu-Gibson, Microprocessor System The 8086/8088 family, PHI, 2nd edition.
Michael A. Miller, The 6800 Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Application,
Universal Book Stall, 1989.

EL-441N TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING & NETWORKS

Credits: 4
Unit I Introduction
Circuit and Packet Switching; The Need of Networks; Telephone Networks: Subscriber Loop
System, Transmission Plan and Numbering Plan; Layered Communication Architecture;
Signaling Techniques
Unit II Queuing Theory
Littles Theorem; Modelling and Analysis of M/M/-/-/- And M/G/1 Queue; Nonpreemptive
Priority Queuing System; Elements Of Traffic Engineering
Unit III Circuit Switching
Electronic Space Division Switching; Time Division Multiplexing; Digital Switching
Networks; Examples of Digital Switching Systems; Comparison of Circuit and Packet
Switching
Unit IV Data Networks
Physical and Data Link Layers; ARQ Strategies and Throughput Calculations; Media Access
Control Layer (MAC); MAC Protocols; Internetworking; ISDN; ATM Networks

Books:
1. T. Viswanathan, Telecommunication Switching System and Networks, PHI, 1992.
2. J. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
3. M. Schwartz, Telecommunication Networks: Protocols, Modelling and Analysis, Addison
Wesley, 1988.
4. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, PHI, 1997.

EL-442 ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Cyclic Codes and its Types

Cycling Codes and Their Properties; Efficient Encoder and Decoder Circuits for Cyclic
Codes; CRC Codes; Golay Codes; BCH Codes; Reed Solomon Codes
Unit II Convolutional Encoding and its Variants
Basics of Convolutional Encoding; Impulse Response and Generator Polynomial Methods;
Code Tree and Its Use; Sequential Decoding; Trellis and State diagram; Maximum
Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes; Viterbi Algorithm; Soft Decision and Hard
Decision Decoding
Unit III Practical Systems using Modern Error Control Coding and Modulation
Coding for AWGN Channels; Coding for Compound Error Channels; Interleaving and
Concatenated Coding; Trellis Coded Modulation and Its Applications; Voiceband Modems;
OFDM; DSL, ADSL, XDSL
Unit IV Signalling over Distorted Channels
Linear Equalization; Decision Feedback Equalization; Reduced Complexity Maximum
Likelihood Detectors; Adaptive Linear Equalization; Adaptive DFE; Digital Communication
over Fading Multipath Channels; Multiuser Systems

Books:
1. John G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 2001.
2. S. Haykin, Digital Communications, Prentice Hall.
3. Peterson, Digital Communications, Pearson, 2001.

EL-443 COMMUNICATION HARDWARE DESIGN

Credits-04

Unit I Network Noise and Intermodulation Distortion

Review of Noise in Electronic Networks; Network Noise Representation; Network Noise
Factor; Low Noise Design; Low Noise Amplifier; Optimization of BJT Bias Current;
Intermodulation Distortion; Gain Compression; Intermodulation Distortion Ratio; Dynamic
Range
Unit II Design of High Frequency Amplifier and Oscillators
Broad Banding Techniques - Input Compensation, Feedback, Lossless Feed-back Amplifiers,
Neutralization, Cascode Amplifiers; Theory of Automatic Gain Control; AGC System
Components; Design Examples; High Frequency Oscillator Circuits; Amplitude and Phase
Stability; Parallel Mode and Series Mode Crystal Oscillators; Voltage Control Oscillators;
Design Examples
Unit III Phase Lock Loop and Their Applications
Introduction; Linear Model of the Phase Locked Loop, Phase Detectors, VCOs and Loop
Filters Design Examples and Applications; Tracking Filters; Angle Modulation: Frequency
Demodulation, Amplitude Demodulation; Phase Shifters; Signal Synchronizers; Costas Loop;
Digital Phase Lock Loop
Unit IV Frequency Synthesizers
Introduction; Direct Frequency Synthesis; Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock; Effect of
Reference Frequency on Loop Performance; Variable Modules Dividers; Methods for
Reducing Switching Time; Direct Digital Synthesis; Synthesizer Design Examples; Output
Noise Considerations
Unit V Mixers, High Efficiency Amplifiers
Frequency Mixers; Switching Type; Mixers and Their Performance; Square Law Mixers;
BJT and FET Mixers; Balanced Modulator ICs, Class C Power Amplifier Design; Frequency
Multiplication; Class D, E and S Amplifiers; Modulators and Amplifiers Using Vacuum
Tubes and Power Electronic Devices

Books:
1. J. Smith, Modern Communication Circuits, McGraw Hill Book, 1996.
2. D. Roddy & J. Coolan, Electronic Communication, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1987.
3. Sidney Soclof, Applications of Analog ICs, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1990.

EL-444 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING II

Credits-04

Unit I Multirate Digital Signal Processing

Review of Sampling Rate Conversion Operation; Polyphase Decomposition; Digital Filter
Design; Multistage Decimators and Interpolators; Digital Filter Banks; Applications of
Multirate Signal Processing; Matlab Exercises.
Unit II Adaptive Filters
Introduction to Adaptive Signal Processing; Applications of Adaptive Filters; Adaptive
Direct Form FIR Filters; Minimum Mean Square Error Criterion, Widrow LMS Algorithm
and its Properties; Recursive Least Squares Algorithm for Direct Form FIR Filters and its
Properties; Adaptive Lattue-Ladder Filters; Matlab Exercises.
Unit III Power Spectrum Estimation
Introduction; Energy Density Spectrum; Estimation of Auto-correlation and Power Spectrum
of Random Signals; DFT in Spectral Estimation; Power Spectrum Estimation: NonParametric and Parametric Methods, Pisrenko and Pronys Method; Matlab Exercises.
Unit IV Two Dimensional Digital Signal Processing

Books:
1. J.G. Proakis et al, Advanced Digital Signal Processing, Macmillan International Edition,
1992.
2. L.R. Rabiner & B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, PHI, 1975.
3. S.K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.

EL-445 AUDIO AND VIDEO SIGNAL PROCESSING

Credits: 4

Unit I Basis of Speech Processing

Characteristics of Speech and Audio; Human Vocal Auditory System; Classification of
Speech Sounds; Speech Production Model; Linear Predictive Coding; Speech Recognition Basic Principles, Types and Applications
Unit II Modern Audio Coding
Sub-band Coding and Adaptive Sub-band Coding; Perceptual Audio Coding; MPEG Audio
and Other Audio Coding Standards and Their Applications
Unit III Basics of Image and Video
Image and Its Types; Image Representation, Filtering and Enhancement; Binary Image
Compression and FAX Coding; Vector Quantization and Transform Coding of Images; JPEG
and Other Standards
Unit IV Video Coding and Compression
Types of Scanning and Associated Video Systems; Basics of Video Coding and Subsampling; Inter-frame and Intra-frame Video Compression; Motion Compensation; MPEG-1,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H-261 and H-263 Standards

Books:
1. Rabiner and Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall.
2. R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison Wesley, 1993.
3. K.R. Rao & J.J. Hwang, Techniques and Standards for Image, Video & Audio Coding,
Prentice Hall, 1995.

EL-446 DATA COMMUNICATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction to Data Communication

Data Representation; Modes of Data Transmission; Directional Capabilities of Data
Exchange; Transmission Errors; Asynchronous Data Error Detection; Error Correction Using
Parity; Data Detection for Synchronous Transmission; Checksum Error Detection; Error
Testing Equipment
Unit II Local and Long Distance Data Communication
Significance for Data Networking; Components of a Low Speed Data Network; Universal
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter; Interfaces; Low Speed and Medium Speed Modems;
Optical and RF Modems; Data Multiplexers; Statistical Time Division Multiplexers
Unit III Local Area Network (LAN)
Need for LAN; LAN Topologies and Architecture; Wireless LAN; Distance Limitation and
LAN Design; Fiber-Optic Extensions
Unit IV Network Interconnections and Network Security
Interconnecting Issues; Bridges; Routers; Issues in Network Security; Data Encryption:
Concepts, Transposition, Substitution and Stream Ciphers; Data Encryption Standards; Public
Key Cryptography

Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

M.A. Miller, Introduction to Digital and Data Communication, Jaico Pub. House, 1996.
P.C. Gupta, Data Communication, PHI, 1996.
G.E. Keiser, Local Area Networks, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1989.
D.E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets, Pearson Education Asia Pt. Ltd., 2000.

EL-447 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

Credits: 4

Unit I Introduction
Brief History; Basic definitions; New Media elements; Characteristics of Multimedia
Systems; Classification of Media; Multimedia System and Components; Evolution of
Enabling Technologies for Multimedia; Electronic pen; flat panel displays; Handwriting and
speech recognition; Multimedia Applications
Unit II Text and Image Coding & Transmission Standards
Basics of Text; Repetition Suppression; Statistical Encoding; Dictionary Modeling; LZ and
LZW Coding; Image Basics; Types of Image; Image Representation; Colour Models; Image
Processing; Compression of Binary Images and its standards; Compression of Gray Scale &
Colour Images; JPEG, JPEG2000
Unit III Audio & Video Coding & Transmission Standards
Basics of Audio; Audio Compression & its Standards; MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4
Audio; Basics of Video; Brief overview of Analog TV; Digital Video; High Data Rate &
Low Data Rate Digital Video Formats; Principles of Video Compression; Types of frames in
a compressed video sequence; MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 & other Video
Communication Standards
Unit IV Networked Multimedia
Timing Relationships in Networked Multimedia; Video Conferencing & Video on Demand &
their Standards; Standards for Interactive Applications over Internet. Entertainment
Networks; World Wide Web

Books:
1. Fred Halsall, Multimedia Communications, Pearson Education (Low Priced ed.), 2002.
2. Ranjan Parekh, Principles of Multimedia Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Nalin K. Sharda, Multimedia Information Networking, Pearson Education, 1999.

EL-451 TV AND RADAR ENGINEERING

Credits: 4

Unit I Monochrome T.V. System

Elements of T.V. System: Analysis and Synthesis of T.V. Pictures; Scanning and
Synchronizing; Composite Video Signals; T.V. Standards; T.V. Cameras; T.V. Picture
Tubes; T.V. Receivers
Unit II Color Television
Essentials of Color TV: Compatibility; Color TV Cameras; Color TV Display Tube; Various
Color Picture Tubes, NTSC, PAL and SECAM TV Color Systems and Their Comparisons;
Color TV Receivers; Fault Diagnosis and Servicing; CCTV; Digital TV; HDTV
Unit III Radar Basics
Principle and Historic Developments; Radar Frequencies; Radar Applications; Pulse Radar
Operation; Radar Range Equation; Parameters Influencing Radar Performance and Estimates;
Radar Losses; Radar Classification
Unit IV Radar Systems
CW, FMCW, MTI, PD; Search and Tracking Radars, Transmitters; Receivers; Displays and
Duplexers; Scanning

Books:
1. Gulathi, R.R., Monochrome & Color Television, New Age Publications Ltd., 1985.
2. Grob Bemard, Basic Television & Video Systems, 5th ed., McGraw Hill, 1998.
3. Skolnik, M.I., Introduction to Radar Systems, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2001.
4. Hoveinsen, S.A., Radar System Design and Analysis, Artech House, USA, 1984.

EL-454 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Microwave Communication

Introduction to Microwave Line of Site Communication, Path Clearance; Effect of Earth and
Atmosphere; Super Refraction; Obstacles; Fading; Interference; Link Budget Design for LOS
Communication, Fresnel Zone
Unit II Satellite Systems
Different Types of Satellites, Advantages, Limitations and Applications; Orbits Inclination of
Satellite; Orbit Control of Satellites Station Keeping and Satellite Attitude; Satellite Subsystems and Their Functions; Degradation of Satellite Signals, Causes and Remedial
Measures; Satellite Signal Processing Models
Unit III Satellite Channels and Multiple Access Format
Satellite-link Analysis, Up-link and Down-link; Satellite Cross Links: Multiple Access
Formats TDMA, FDMA, CDMA and SSMA
Unit IV Satellite Networks
MSAT Network Concept; CDMA MSAT Network; Direct Home TV Broadcasting; Satellite
Ranging System; VSAT Technology; Indian Satellite System

Books:
1. Gagliardi R.M., Satellite Communication, CBS Publications & Distributors, Delhi, 1977.
2. Pratt Timothy and Bostian Charles W., Satellite Communication, 2nd edition, John Wiley &
Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2003.
3. Tri T.H., Digital Satellite Communication, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New
Delhi, 1990.
4. Jakes, W.C., Microwave Mobile Communication, John Wiley, 1974.

EL- 455 COMMUNICATION LINKS

Credits: 4

Unit I Broad Band Systems

Introduction to Broad Band Systems; Types and Radio Environment for Broad Band
Systems; Diversity Techniques and Combining Methods; Cables Types and Characteristics
Unit II Basics of Satellite Communication
Introduction; Types; Advantages and Applications; Launching and Deployment; Orbits and
Inclination of Satellites Orbit Control; Advantages and Limitations of Geo-Synchronous
Satellites; Satellite Frequencies
Unit III Satellite Systems
Satellite Signals; Causes of Degradation and Remedial Measures; Link Calculations; Satellite
Sub-Systems; Earth Stations; Signal Processing and Multiple Access Techniques; Indian
Satellites
Unit IV LOS Links
Introduction; Wave Propagation and Signal Strength; Path Clearance; Effect of Earth and
Atmosphere; Super Refraction; Obstacles; Fading; Interference; Site and Route Selection;
Equipment for LOS Link Terminals and Repeaters
Unit V Tropo-Scatter Links
Tropo-Scattering Propagation Theories; Fading and Diversity Reception; Path Loss
Calculations and Other Losses; Equipment Configuration; Comparison with LOS System;
System Design Considerations

Books:
1. Jakes, W.C., Microwave Mobile Communications, John Wiley, 1974.
2. George Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, 3rd ed. McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1996.
3. Gagliardi, R.M., Satellite Communication, CBS Publications & Distributors, Delhi, 1977.
4. Kumar. A., Microwave Communication, Notes of Short Term Course held at IISc Bangalore
in November 1982.

EL-456 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

Credits: 4

Unit I Optical Fibers

Review of Optical Fibers; Ray Model; Numerical Aperture of Step Index and Graded Index
Fibers; Power Coupling; Normalized Frequency; V Number and Modes in Multi Mode
Fibers, Propagation Constant & Its Effective Value; Mode Groups; Normalized Propagation
Constant, Inter-modal & Intra-modal Dispersion, Single Mode Fibers; Dispersion Shifted and
Dispersion Flattened Fibers; Introduction to Polarization Maintaining Fibers
Unit II Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Techniques
Attenuation Management and Fiber-optic Amplifiers; Dispersion Management and
Techniques; System Design Consideration; Digital Systems: Receivers, Probability of error,
Power Budgeting; Analog Systems: Direct Intensity Modulation, Sub-carrier Intensity
Modulation, Sub-carrier Frequency Modulation; Noise Performance
Unit III Coherent Optical Communication Systems
Basic System; Detection Principles; Practical Constraints; Modulation and Demodulation
Schemes; Receiver Sensitivities-Probability of Error Calculations; Performance Comparison
Unit IV Optical Networking
Fiber Optic Link Design; Distribution Systems; Multiplexing/ Demultiplexing Components
and Techniques; Time Division Multiplexing; SONET/SDH; Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexing; Wave Division Multiplexing; WDMA Single Hop and Multiple Hop
Networks

Books:
1. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, 2013.
2. J. M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, Pearson Education, 2010.
3. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
4. M.M.K. Liu, Principles and Applications of Optical Communication, Tata McGraw Hill,
1998.

EL-457 MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Unit I

Credits: 4

Cellular System Fundamentals

Overview of Wireless Communication; Frequency Reuse and Cellular Concept; Co-Channel

and Adjacent Channel Interferences; Cell Sectoring and Cell Splitting; Handoff Strategies;
Channel Assignment Techniques
Unit II Propagation Modeling
Propagation Path Loss; Shadowing; Path Loss Models; Multipath Fading; Narrowband
Fading Models: Correlation and Power Spectral Density, Envelope and Power Distribution,
Level Crossing Rate (LCR) and Average Fade Duration (AFD); Wideband Channel Models:
Power Delay Profile, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Power Spectrum and Channel
Coherence Time
Unit III Modulation and Multiple Access Techniques
Performance of Digital Modulation over Wireless Channel; Diversity Techniques;
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM); Multiple Access Techniques:
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Hybrid Techniques, OFDMA
Unit IV Mobile Systems and Standards
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); CDMA Cellular System (IS-95);
Evolution of Second-Generation (2G) Systems; Third-Generation (3G) Systems; Beyond 3G
Systems
Unit V Wireless Networks
Wireless Local Loop; Mobile IP; Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Technology; IEEE
802.11 WLAN Standards; Ad Hoc Networking and Wireless Personal Area Networks

Books:
1. A. S. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Pearson Education
India, 2002.
3. J. Schiller, Mobile Communications, Pearson Education India, 2nd Edition, 2008.
4. A.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2011.
5. J.W. Mark and W. Zhuang, Wireless Communications and Networking, Prentice-Hall India,
2005.
6. G. L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Springer, 3rd Edition, 2011.