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Pointer Basics: CSE 130: Introduction To Programming in C Spring 2005

This document provides an overview of pointer basics in C, including: - Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Pointer variables contain integers representing addresses. - Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory addresses. Functions like scanf() take pointer arguments to access variables. - The & operator returns the memory address of a variable. The * operator accesses the value at the memory address stored in a pointer. - Pointer arithmetic allows incrementing and decrementing pointers to access sequential memory locations. Structures can also have pointer members accessed with ->.

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Anmol Kumar
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40 views

Pointer Basics: CSE 130: Introduction To Programming in C Spring 2005

This document provides an overview of pointer basics in C, including: - Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Pointer variables contain integers representing addresses. - Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory addresses. Functions like scanf() take pointer arguments to access variables. - The & operator returns the memory address of a variable. The * operator accesses the value at the memory address stored in a pointer. - Pointer arithmetic allows incrementing and decrementing pointers to access sequential memory locations. Structures can also have pointer members accessed with ->.

Uploaded by

Anmol Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pointer Basics

A pointer is a variable that contains a


memory address

Pointers

pointer variables (like memory

CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C


Spring 2005

addresses) are integers

Pointers are used to access memory and


manipulate addresses

Ex. scanf() takes a pointer to a variable


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Pointer Addressing

Pointer Dereferencing

& is the (unary) address operator


If v is a variable, then &v is the memory

The dereference (indirection) operator * is

Ex:

NOTE: this value is NOT the value stored

used to access the value stored in a


pointed-to memory location

address at which v is stored

in the pointer!

int i, *p;
p = &i;

The pointer holds a memory address


* returns the value stored at that address

Pointer Examples

More Examples

int a = 7;

double x, y, *p;

int *p = &a; /* p points to a */

p = &x;

printf(*p = %d\n, *p); /* prints 7 */

y = *p; /* equivalent to y = *&x or y = x */

*p = 3; /* a is now 3 */
printf(a = %d\n, a); /* prints 3 */

int a, *p = &a; /* &a is ps initial value */

p = 0; /* only legal integer assignment */

int *p = &a, a; /* a must be declared first! */

Printing Pointers

Pointers to void

Pointers may not be assigned to one another

The %u format prints an address as an

unless they are of the same type (i.e., both


int*), or one of them is a pointer to void

unsigned decimal integer

The %p format prints an address in a

Pointer to void is a generic pointer type

system-specified format (ex. hexadecimal)

int *p; void *v;

int i = 77, *p = &i;

p = v; /* legal */

printf(is address: %u or %p, p, p);

v = p; /* legal */

prints is address: 234880252 or dfffcfc

v = 1; /* illegal */
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Call-by-Reference

An Example
void swap (int *p, int *q)

Normally, variables are passed by value

their values are copied to the function


parameters

int tmp;

Variables not changed in the calling ftn

tmp = *p;

Using pointers, we can call by reference


Variables ARE changed in the calling ftn

*p = *q;
*q = tmp;
}
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Pointers and Arrays

Pointer Arithmetic

Pointers and arrays are closely related


An array expression is a pointer to the first

If pa is a pointer to an array A:
A[i] can be written as *(pa + i)
Where pointers are concerned, (pa + 1)

element of the array

Thus, given an array A, pa = *A[0] means


that pa and A have the same value

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points to the next object, regardless of the


variable type or size

This can also be written as pa = A;

BUT: A = pa is not legal (A is not a variable)


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The Structure Pointer


Operator ( -> )

An Example
int A[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
int *pa = A; /* pa points to A[0] */
printf(%d, *pa); /* prints 1 */
printf(%d, *(pa + 3)); /* prints 7 */
pa++; /* pa now points to A[1] */
printf(%d, *pa); /* prints 3 */

Minus sign followed by greater-than sign


Usage:
pointer_to_structure -> member_name

Equivalent to:
(*pointer_to_structure).member_name

The parentheses are necessary here!


. and -> have equal precedence
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Structure Pointers
struct student temp, *p = &temp;
temp.grade = A;
p -> lastName = Bushker;
p -> studentID = 590017;
printf(%c\n, (*p).grade);

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