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GEo Minipojek

This document outlines the procedures and results for laboratory tests conducted to determine the strength of different rock samples. Three tests were used: point load testing, uniaxial compression testing, and rebound hammer testing both in the laboratory and in-situ. The rebound hammer and point load tests found that granite has a higher strength index than limestone. Similarly, the uniaxial compression tests showed granite to be stronger than both limestone and sandstone. The conclusions drawn were that granite exhibits the highest compressive strength compared to limestone and sandstone based on the experimental results.

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Nur Syahira
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views11 pages

GEo Minipojek

This document outlines the procedures and results for laboratory tests conducted to determine the strength of different rock samples. Three tests were used: point load testing, uniaxial compression testing, and rebound hammer testing both in the laboratory and in-situ. The rebound hammer and point load tests found that granite has a higher strength index than limestone. Similarly, the uniaxial compression tests showed granite to be stronger than both limestone and sandstone. The conclusions drawn were that granite exhibits the highest compressive strength compared to limestone and sandstone based on the experimental results.

Uploaded by

Nur Syahira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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No

Content

Pages

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE

LEARNING OUTCOMES

APPARATUS MATERIAL

PROCEDURE

3-4

DATA ANALYSIS

5-6

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

9-10

INTRODUCTION
1

This open-ended laboratory activities is created to provide a platform for


students as a group to determine the objective and scopes of the laboratory
assignment , identify the necessary apparatus, and prepare step by step
methodology to carry out the task to address the given problem. The group will
be required to analyse all the data obtained and present them in a technical
format.
The need for an open-ended laboratory test is to determine and classify the
strength index of rocks materials.

OBJECTIVE
The objective for this laboratory test is to determine and classify the strength
index of rocks materials.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this laboratory activities, student would be able to:
1. Determine the suitable laboratory test to be conducted to address the
given problem.
2. Analyse test data and present the solution to the open-ended problem.
3. Work in a group to produce the relevant technical report.

APPARATUS MATERIAL
A) POINT LOAD TEST
- Rock samples (granite, marble ), point load test machine, safety mask

B) REBOUND HAMMER
- Rebound hammer, rock samples ( granite, limestone )
C) UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Rock samples (granite, sandstone ), UCS machine

PROCEDURE
2

1) REBOUND HAMMER(In laboratory)


1. The rebound hammer is taken out from the box and is turned on.
2. Granite was chosen to be tested.
3. The unit was set up to N/mm^2.
4. Before starting to use the rebound hammer, calibrate must be done to
avoid any error that will occur during or after the test.
5. The test must be done on smooth or clear surface. Avoid testing it on
rough surface or honeycomb.
6. For digital rebound hammer, choose TEST in menu and next, choose
SPARE MEASUREMENT.
7. Wait until the screen has READY in pop-up.
8. The result will come out on screen.
9. Test must be done three times to get the average strength of the rock.
10.
Step 1 to 9 is repeated by using the limestone.
REBOUND HAMMER (At site)
1) The rebound hammer is taken out from the box and is turned on.
2) A rock is chosen from the site.
3) The unit was set up to N/mm^2.
4) Before starting to use the rebound hammer, calibrate must be done to
avoid any error that will occur during or after the test.
5) The test must be done on smooth or clear surface. Avoid testing it on
rough surface or honeycomb.
6) For digital rebound hammer, choose TEST in menu and next, choose
SPARE MEASUREMENT.
7) Wait until the screen has READY in pop-up.
8) The result will come out on screen.
9) Test must be done three times to get the average strength of the rock.
2) UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST
1) Two types of rock in cylinder-shape were chosen which is granite and
sandstone.
2) Granite is placed vertically on the plate surface of the compression test
machine.
3) The machine was turned on and the reading is set to zero.
4) Compression load is chosen before running the test and the load is
released.
5) As the rock is compressed, the value of compression will come out and
the load is reverted once the reading has reached the maximum
reading. The machine was turned off.
6) The data from the reading is collected.
7) The machine is turned on again and tension load is chosen to release
the compression on the rock.
8) The load is then released. The crushed rock is then taken out.
9) Step 2 to 8 is repeated by using the sandstone.
3) POINT LOAD TEST
1) Take the two type of rock which is granite and limestone.
2) Measure half length (L) and diameter (D) of the core specimen. Specimen
of L > 0.5D, are placed horizontally between the two plates while the
specimen will placed vertically if the dimension is same.
3) Apply load to the core specimen such that failure occur within 10-60 sec.
3

4) Record the failure load, P


5) Repeat step 2-4 using different type of specimen.

DATA ANALYSIS
A) REBOUND HAMMER
1) LABORATORY TEST FOR GRANITE AND LIMESTONE

LIMESTONE
TRIAL

R1

STRENGTH ( N/
2

mm

ELEVATION
ANGLE

28.6

21.5

90

29.6

23.0

90

31.6

26.2

60

R1

STRENGTH

IMPACT ANGLE

39.7

40.0

80

51.7

62.5

70

32.3

27.3

GRANITE
TRIAL

2) IN-SITU
TRIAL

STRENGTH ( N/ mm

1
2
3

B) POINT LOAD TEST


5

60

Weight of specimen
Limestone : 315.0 g
Granite: 373.3 g

ROCK

LENGTH, L (cm)

DIAMETER, D

FORCE, F (N)

STRENGTH
(kN / m

(cm)
LIMESTONE

6.0

4.9

3.865

2.049

GRANITE

5.8

5.5

21.62

9.1

C) UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE TEST


TYPE OF ROCK

STRENGTH (kN )

GRANITE

66

LIMESTONE

23

DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment that we have conducted, we were given a task to
determine the experimental strength value of some rock samples as mentioned
in the objective of this mini project which is to determine and classify the
6

strength index of rocks materials. We complete all this experiment by using three
type of test which is point load test, uniaxial compressive strength and rebound
hammer test. As for the rebound hammer test, this method required us to
determine the strength of rock samples in laboratory which is by using granite
and limestone and rock samples at site.
An error is a must while doing an experiment. The error that could effect the
result that we have obtained is human error. As for the three experiment, this
could happen when taking the maximum reading of the force applied. For
example, in the point load test, we have to apply load slowly or record a video to
prevent an error while reading the value.
The other error that could happen is parallax error. This may be happen while
marking the centre of the specimen for point load test. The error may also occur
while taking the mass of the rock samples because did not push the tare button.
The result of strength of rock may be slightly different because of this error.

CONCLUSION

Based on the experiment that we have done, we can conclude that in the point
load test, the strength for limestone is 2.049 kN / m
kN / m

while for granite is 9.1

. It shows that granite is tougher than limestone.

In rebound hammer test in lab, the result that we obtained for limestone are 21.5
2

N/ mm
60

mm2

with 90

, 23.0 N/ mm

angle of elevation and 26.2 N/ mm

with

angle of elevation. Besides that, the strength for granite are 40.0 N/
2
with 80 , 62.5 N/ mm with 70

and 27.3 N/ mm

with 60
2

angle of elevation. The average strength for limestone is 23.57 N/ mm


2

granite is 43.47 N/ mm

while for

. For the in-situ test, the average strength that we

obtained is
So, we can conclude that granite has the higher or maximum strength compared
to limestone for both in laboratory test and in-situ test.
Lastly for the UCS test, the strength for granite is higher which 66 kN while for
the limestone the strength is 23 kN.

As a conclusion, we know that granite has the highest or maximum strength


compared to limestone and sandstone.

APPENDIX
A) REBOUND HAMMER
1) LABORATORY TEST FOR GRANITE AND LIMESTONE

2) INSITU

B) UCS TEST
9

C) POINT LOAD TEST

10

11

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