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Transactional Analysis

Transactional analysis focuses on social transactions between people and how they respond to each other based on their ego states of parent, adult, and child. A transaction is an exchange between two people involving a stimulus and response. Understanding ego states and how they influence behavior and communication is key to transactional analysis. The theory also examines life positions, complementary and crossed transactions, and the goal of developing a healthy "I'm OK - You're OK" position.

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105 views

Transactional Analysis

Transactional analysis focuses on social transactions between people and how they respond to each other based on their ego states of parent, adult, and child. A transaction is an exchange between two people involving a stimulus and response. Understanding ego states and how they influence behavior and communication is key to transactional analysis. The theory also examines life positions, complementary and crossed transactions, and the goal of developing a healthy "I'm OK - You're OK" position.

Uploaded by

Shalvv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transactional Analysis

What is T.A?
When two people interact with each other,

they engage in social transactions, in which


one person responds to the other.
Study of such Social Transactions is
called Transactional Analysis.

What is a Transaction?

A Transaction is an exchange of two


strokes between two people. The first
stroke is called Stimulus, the second is
called the Response.

Transactional Analysis
Transactions are

psychological in nature and


relate to how people behave
and how other people
behave with them in
response to their behaviour.

Transactional Analysis(cont)
To understand Transactional Analysis we must first

understand EGO STATES:


EGO STATES:

Within each human being, several


human beings are existing at the same
time, depending upon how
the person is behaving at any given time.

Ego state of a normal person

Ego Stage of a small Child


It has only Parent
& Child ego state.
Adult not yet
formed

Top Managers Ego State


Dominant Parent

A
C

Mostly critical,

or giving orders
Normal Adult.
Fragile Child

Comedians Ego State

A
C

Dominant Child
Insignificant

Parent

1. Parent Ego State


Set of thoughts, feelings,

and behaviours learnt


from parents or other
care takers.
Nurturing Parent
Soft, loving and
permission giving

Parent Ego State

While in the parent ego state,


people treat others like children.
Critical Parent:
This is a role where people becomes
authoritative; caring; controlling; and
sometimes bossy.

Adult Ego State


Oriented towards current reality and

objectivity gathering of information.


Data processing centre.
This is a role of care, concern, respect,
responsibility and maturity.

Child Ego State


Seat of emotions , thoughts and
memories from childhood.
The child ego state has the liberty of fun
loving and carefree behaviour.
It is a storehouse of Creativity.

Ego States
Acting, thinking, feeling like your parent

Dealing with current realities, gathering facts,


objectivity

Acting or feeling like u did when u were child

Eric Bernes Transactional Analysis


It deals with the theory of

development and is
underpinned by the philosophy:
1. People can change
2. We all have a right to be in
this world and be accepted

Eric Berne

EGO STATES
Each human being has three
ego states:
P

1. Parent ego state

2. Adult ego state

3. Child ego state

Development of Ego States

Child

Parent
Adult

Parent Ego state This pertains to behaviors,


thoughts and feelings copied during the early
years ( roughly , the first 5 years )

Parent Ego State: This pertains to behaviors,


thoughts and feelings copied from parents

The Parent is a huge collection of

recordings in the brain of imposed external


events perceived in the early years(roughly
the first 5 years.)

Every thing the Child saw the parents do and


every thing he heard them say, are recorded
straight without editing in his PARENT

There are thousands of Nos and Donts that

bombarded him.

Parent data appear in how to category. How to


hit a nail. how to eat.
On the basis of these feelings the child concludes- I
am not O.K-you are O.K
But, sometimes parent says one thing but does another
thing like parent says dont lie, but tells lies himself.
It is not safe for the child to question this
inconsistency. He defends himself by turning off
the recording.

CHILD EGO STATE :


* It is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings

replayed from our childhood


* These are permanent recordings and cant be
erased

CHILD EGO STATE


*The happy and pleasurable events are recorded in
child.
* In our Child reside creativity, curiosity and the desire
to know and the urge to touch and feel.
* These are O.K. recordings

As in the case of Parent, the Child is a state which


brings the feelings which we felt at that time

Creativity is born from curiosity in the Child, as it


provides want to and Adult provides how to

In our child is a vast store of positive


data. In our Child are recorded
countless experience of the firsts of life

Gradual transition from Child stage to


Adult.

Adult Ego State


At about 8-10 months of age, the child starts
creeping, crawling and walking. He starts playing
with a cup and pretends to drink.
At the age of 10 months, comes his own
awareness and original thoughts. This is the
beginning of Adult.
He starts gathering and processing data. This is
thought process and is different from the earlier
felt concept in the child.

Cont

Adult Ego State..

Adult during this period is very fragile. It is


easily knocked down by commands from parents.
The Adult is a data processing computer. The

adult starts testing the Parent data and updates it.


It also updates Child data.
The ongoing work consists of checking out old
data, validating or invalidating and refilling it
for future use.

LIFE POSITIONS
T.A has four possible life positions:
You are O.K

I
am
O.
K

I am O.K
You are O.K

You are O.K


I am not O.K

I
am
not

I am O.K
You are not O.K

I am not O.K
You are not O.K

You are not O.K

O.
K

Life Positions
T . A. has four possible life positions

Cont..
I am not O.K You are O.K:
This is a feeling of inferiority.
I am not O.K You are not O.K:
By the end of first year the child starts walking. He
is no longer picked up. Mothers stroking stops
entirely. The life which was comfortable in the
first year becomes difficult. Punishment comes
harder.
The child concludes I am not O.K You are not
O.K.

Cont..
I am O.K You are not O.K:

The child who is brutalized long enough by


parents will switch over to this position of I am O.K
You are not O.K
I am O.K You are O.K:
The earlier three positions have been based on
childhood feelings, but this fourth position is based on
Thought and Faith. It is a decision we make.
The Adult can comprehend. We have the
presence of old recordings, but we can choose to
turn them off.

Psychological Positions
Im OK, Youre OK

Mentally healthy position


Realistic people; can solve problems on their own
Accepts significance of others

Im OK, Youre notOK

Person feels victimized, So victimizes others


Blame others for their miseries
Delinquents & criminals extreme: Homicide

Im not-OK, Youre
OK

Feel powerless when compare with others


Leads them to withdraw, to experience depression
Severe case: suicidal

Im not-OK, Youre
not-OK

Lost interest in living


Schizoid behavior
Extreme case: suicide or homicide

Complementary Transactions

TRANSACTIONS
A) PARENT-PARENT TRANSACTION

1. Stimulus: Her duty is at home with children.

Response: She has no sense of duty


P

Cont..
2. Stimulus: Kids now-a-days are lazy.

Response: It is a sign of the present generation.


3. Stimulus: She married him only for his money.
Response: Well, thats all she got.

B) ADULT-ADULT TRANSACTIONS
1.

Stimulus: Whats the time?


Response: Exactly 4 pm by my watch.
P

2. Stimulus : Please pass the sugar


Response : Here it is
3. Stimulus : I am tired
Response : Let us go to bed

Cont..

4.Stimulus: This is a nice dress, you are

wearing
Response: Thank you,

Adult to Adult Transaction

C) CHILD-CHILD TRANSACTIONS
1. Girl child(1): I will be the mamma and you the little

girls.
Girl child(2): I always have to be the little girl.

Girl child(1): Well, let us take turns, you be the mamma

first and next time I will be the mama.

2. Little boy(child): My daddy has two buildings.


Little girl(child): That is nothing. My daddy has five
buildings.

C) CHILD-CHILD TRANSACTIONS
P

D) PARENT CHILD TRANSACTION


Sick husband(child): I am feeling so sick.

Nurturing wife ( Good mamma): Dont worry, you

will be all right. I am taking care of you.


PP

PP

AA

AA

CC

CC

Adult to Child Transaction

CROSSED TRANSACTIONS
The crossed transactions cause trouble,
1. Husband (Adult stimulus, seeking information) :
Where is my scooter key?
Wife(parent) : Where you left it.

The stimulus was Adult but the wife replied from the
parent. When stimulus and response cross on
P.A.C Transaction diagram, communication
stops.

Crossed Transactions

Cont..
P

HUSBAND
WIFE
RULE OF T.A:
When stimulus and response cross on the P-A-C
transactions diagram, communication stops.

2. Mother (parent): Go clear your room.


Daughter (parent) : you cant tell me what to do. You
are not my boss.
P

MOTHER

DAUGHTER

3. Son (Adult): I have to finish my report tonight.


Father (parent) : Why do you always keep things for the
last minute.?
FATHER
P

S
SON

Crossed Transaction

Three Rules of Communication


1. Complementary Transactions:

- communication remains open.


2. Crossed Transactions:
- communication stops.
3. Complex Transactions:
- outcome is predicted only at the
psychological level

Im O.K.- Youre O.K


This is the best known expression of the

purpose of Transactional Analysis, which is:


1. To reinforce the position that
recognizes the value and worth of
every person.
2. Transactional Analysits regard people
as basically O.Kand thus capable of
change, growth,and healthy interactions.

Stroking & Life Positions


Physically one strokes others by shaking

hands, clapping, hugging, smiling.


Countless physical strokes are exchanged between
people everyday and each stroke stimulates its
own physical response.
Psychological strokes deal with recognizing
others with words, gestures and behaviour.

Stroking & Life Positions


Psychological strokes are A RECOGNITION OF

OTHERS and can be positive or negative in


nature.
Respecting, praising and thanking people are
positive strokes, while criticizing and
ignoring them are some negative strokes.

Advantages of T.A

Improves Interpersonal Communication


Simple to learn
Applicable to Motivation.
Helps in Organizational Development.
Can be used at home as well as in office.

Advantages
Transactional Analysis can be effectively
used to understand the secrets of human
behavior and often works better in improving
relationships.

CONCLUSION
Transactional Analysis is a rational and

easy to understand method of clarifying


and managing human relationships
and behaviours.

For More Information


Books to be read:

1. Games People Play


2. I am OK, You are OK

Questions?

Thank You

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